分子运动性预测顽拗性种子麻栎离体胚轴适宜贮藏条件初探

顽拗性种子在分类上分布广泛。由于顽拗性种子贮藏特性极为特殊，对脱水和低温均十分敏感，易受损伤，所以种子寿命很短，因此在植物种质资源保存领域，顽拗性种子的保存一直被列为重点研究课题，至今仍难以找到顽拗性种子的适宜贮藏条件，或该类种子保存通行的方法，仅推测长期保存顽拗性种子种质资源最有前途的方式是超低温保存，顽拗性种子资源保存是一个世界性难题。 本文试图使用分子运动性预测顽拗性种子离体胚轴的适宜贮藏条件。选用壳斗科植物麻栎种子为实验材料。应用电子顺磁共振波谱仪和自旋标记技术，以硝基氧探针CP为标记物，检测到室温下麻栎种子离体胚轴脱水过程中分子运动性的变化。含水量0.7 g H2O/g DW至0.64 g H2O/g DW范围是细胞质粘度的转折区域，低于这个含水量区域，细胞质粘度骤然上升，推测这个区域是室温下保存离体胚轴的适宜含水量下限。 通过变温电子顺磁测定，找到离体胚轴含水量在0.43 g H2O/g DW至1.02 g H2O/g DW范围内，分子运动性的临界温度和玻璃态相变温度所在区间。根据分子运动性随温度变化规律，预测含水量为0.69 g H2O/g DW的麻栎种子离体胚轴适宜贮藏温度约为-50 ℃。 根据EPR实验结果，将胚轴脱水，并根据实验条件选择不同温度进行低温贮藏验证实验，应用颜色观测法和TTC存活力鉴定法，初步验证分子运动性理论可以应用在顽拗性种子离体胚轴的低温贮藏研究中。 本研究说明顽拗性种子资源的保存有可能通过离体胚轴的低温贮藏实现，用分子运动性预测低温贮藏的适宜条件，很可能为上述问题的解决提供了有效的技术参数。

Feeding metabolism in an Indian major carp (Catla catla Lin.) fed on different protein diets

Feeding metabolism in an Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings of 10.8+0.56g was investigated in a flow-through water recirculating system. The metabolic energy loss in resting metabolism and feeding metabolism were determined by the indirect method of oxygen consumption followed by multiplication by suitable oxycalorific coefficient. This was done in four metabolic chambers of a respirometer system. Ten fish fingerlings of mean total weight of 109.5, 110.4 and 112.8g/chambers respectively each in two experimental runs of three treatments a, b and c were used. The mean resting metabolic rate during unfed condition showed no significant variation in different treatments. The fish in three treatments a, b and c fed on diets containing 28, 33 and 38% crude protein had significantly different (p<0.05) post-fed SDA magnitude of 497.7, 638.7 and 735.5 mgO2/chamber/day having an equivalent energy loss of 12.68, 14.68 and 15.86 KJ respectively. The SDA co-efficient in three treatments a, b and c were 14.95, 19.00 and 22.36% respectively whereas, respiratory energy - 'R' as % of mean total ingested energy in three treatments were 26.93, 31.17 and 34.74% respectively showing a significant increase (p<0.05) with increase of protein. Feeding metabolism in an Indian major carp (Catla catla Lin.) fed on different protein diets.

磷脂酰甘油对光系统I的调控作用

磷脂酰甘油(PG)是光系统I(PSI)中唯一的磷脂，也是PSI重要的组成部分。在本工作中，我们通过改变PSI中PG的含量(体外重组至PG脂质体或专一性磷脂酶降解)，研究了PG对PSI的调控作用。主要结果如下： 1. 外加PG导致PSI色素的结合状态和激子相互作用发生改变。吸收光谱中，Chl a特征峰蓝移且吸收降低。低温荧光光谱中，680nm处的峰逐渐明显，F730-735 /F680的比值下降，LHCI-730激发峰蓝移。可视CD光谱中Chl a、Chl b蓝移，它们的相互作用增强;类胡萝卜素分子发生红移。 2. PSI的重组引起了PSI蛋白质结构的改变，即蛋白的α-螺旋结构增加而无序结构含量减少。同时，PSI蛋白质内部的色氨酸残基处于更极性的环境。 3. PG对PSI的电子传递的影响具有浓度效应。低浓度时可以促进PSI的电子传递活性，而在相对较高浓度时抑制PSI的电子传递。 4. PLA2的处理导致PSI中PG的缺失，抑制了PSI反应中心P700的暗还原反应，即延长了其还原所用的时间。P700的暗还原反应存在快相和慢相两相反应。PG的缺失降低了这两相反应的反应速率，抑制了电子从质体蓝素(PC)到P700+的传递。

Enhanced flexoelectric switching behaviour in the chiral nematic phase

In order to develop materials that exhibit enhanced flexoelectric switching in the chiral nematic phase we have identified mesogenic units that display inherently strong flexoelectric coupling capabilities. Here we examine the oxycyanobiphenyl (OCB) moiety: homologues from the nOCB series exhibit significant electro-optic switching effects when doped with a highly chiral additive. Here we have examined lower dielectric anisotropy materials, since they allow the flexoelectric response to be extended to high field amplitudes. We show that dielectric coupling strength can be low in symmetric bimesogenic molecules. The flexoelectric response of such a molecular structure is tested by doping a homologue from the series CBOnOCB with a chiral additive: very significantly we find that the optic axis is rotated through 2φ=45° in <50 μs on reversing the polarity of the field (amplitude E=±6 V μm-1). Subsequently we have synthesized room temperature chiral nematic materials that exhibit 2φ≥90° at E≈10 V μm-1. © 2001 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Gordon and Breach Science Publishers imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group.

黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统氮生物循环特征与循环模式研究

潮滩湿地处于海陆相互作用地带，是响应全球变化和人类活动较为敏感的生态系统 之一。潮滩湿地是海岸带一个非常重要的生态类型，作为陆地和海洋过渡区的重要组成 部分，承接来自陆地人类活动带来的大量含氮物质。潮滩湿地氮的生物循环特征不但影 响湿地系统自身的调节机制，而且其在环境介质中的特殊动力学过程也与一系列全球环 境问题息息相关。为了更深入的理解潮滩湿地氮的生物循环特征及其关键机制，论文以 黄河口滨岸潮滩翅碱蓬湿地为研究对象，通过野外样品采集、原位实验、微区试验，研 究了湿地土壤氮的时空分布与化学转化特征，探讨了湿地植物生物量与氮累积季节变化 特征以及湿地植物残体分解及分解过程氮动态特征，建立了湿地植物-土壤系统氮循环 分室模式，主要结论如下：（1）潮滩湿地土壤氮含量具有明显的水平变异和空间结构， TN、NO3 --N 和C/N 具有明显空间分布格局，其空间变异性均以向低潮滩延伸且受潮汐 涨落影响较大的方向最大；微地貌特征和潮汐微域物理扰动是导致空间异质性的两个重 要随机因素，水盐条件、土壤类型和潮汐物理扰动是三个重要结构因素；（2）潮滩湿地 土壤氮含量在不同时期的垂直分布均存在较高变异性，主要与有机质分布、潮汐影响、 水分条件以及陆源影响程度有关；潮滩湿地土壤的氮含量具有明显季节变化特征，主要 与水分状况及受潮汐影响的程度有关；（3）潮滩湿地土壤氮的净矿化/硝化速率均呈波动 变化，并受生物固持、反硝化、温度、水分、C/N 和pH 等因素影响；潮滩湿地0~15cm 土壤的净矿化量和净硝化量分别介于0.33~27.81kg·hm-2 和1.19~15.99kg·hm-2，高潮滩湿 地维持无机氮的能力明显强于中潮滩和低潮滩湿地；（4）两种表现型翅碱蓬的生物量 均具有明显季节变化和空间结构分形特征，二者的地上生物量具有自相似性，分别遵从 D=2.012 和2.366 的分形生长过程；（5）沉积强度显著影响翅碱蓬种子的出苗和幼苗存 活，适度沉积可刺激幼苗生长，重度沉积对幼苗生长则具有抑制作用；沉积可促使幼苗 被埋部分发育为根系，反映了其对潮滩较强沉积环境的特殊适应对策；（6）两种表现 型翅碱蓬根、茎和枯落物的TN 含量均呈递减变化，符合指数衰减模型，叶是二者重要 氮储库，分配比高达46.91±16.97%和55.21±9.79%；中潮滩植被的N/P 为9.87±3.47＜14， 其生长受N 限制，低潮滩植被的N/P 为15.73±5.00＜16，其生长同时受N、P 限制，但 更受P 限制；（7）潮滩湿地植物残体在水盐含量较高或沉积较强条件下的失重率和分解 速率一般较高，反之则较低；温度、水分、盐分和pH 是影响残体相对分解速率的重要 摘 要 II 因素；（8）当分解环境的养分状况不发生较大改变时，残体相对分解速率在很大程度上 取决于基质质量，当养分状况因潮汐养分交换、潮汐物理扰动、沉积物矿化等发生较大 改变时，残体相对分解速率在很大程度上取决于分解环境养分供给状况；（9）潮滩湿地 植物残体在不同水盐梯度和沉积强度下的氮含量、C/N 的变化模式整体较为一致，水盐 条件和沉积强度对残体氮绝对量的变化具有重要影响，C/N 对分解过程中氮养分的调控 作用更为重要；（

Wavelength-tuneable liquid crystal lasers from the visible to the near-infrared

The study of band-edge lasing from dye-doped chiral nematic liquid crystals has thus far been largely restricted to visible wavelengths. In this paper, a wide range of commercially available laser dyes are examined for their suitability as infrared emitters within a chiral nematic host. Problems such as poor solubility and reduced quantum efficiencies are overcome, and successful band-edge lasing is demonstrated within the range of 735-850 nm, using the dyes LD800, HITC-P and DOTC-P. This paper also reports on progress towards widely tuneable liquid crystal lasers, capable of emission in the region 460- 850 nm. Key to this is the use of common pump source, capable of simultaneously exciting all of the dyes (both infrared and visible) that are present within the system. Towards this aim, we successfully demonstrate near-infrared lasing (800 nm) facilitated by Förster energy transfer between the visible dye DCM, and the infra-red dye LD800, enabling pump wavelengths anywhere between 420 and 532 nm to be used. These results demonstrate that small and low-cost tuneable visible to near-infrared laser sources are achievable, using a single common pump source. Such devices are envisaged to have wide-ranging applications including medical imaging (including optical coherence tomography), point-of-care optical medical diagnostics (such as flow cytometry), telecommunications, and optical signatures for security coatings. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

一种用于吗啡心理渴求研究的自由活动动物神经元胞外记录法

本文描述了一种将环境线索相关的大鼠吗啡成瘾模型与一种适用于自由活动动物的神经元单位放电胞外记录法相结 合的实验方法。该方法成功地用于研究成瘾大鼠海马CA1 区神经元的放电特征，从而在动物行为的基础上寻找到更为准 确、客观的细胞学特征，并试图将这种细胞学特征作为成瘾动物特有的电生理学指标之一。

Gender effect on the right-left discrimination task in a sample of heroin-dependent patients

Rationale: Discriminating right from left is an everyday cognitive ability. Repeated exposure to certain drugs, such as heroin, can produce poor performance on many cognitive tasks. However, it is yet unclear whether drug abuse impairs the ability of right-left discrimination. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to examine whether the spatial ability measured by the right-left discrimination task can be affected by heroin abuse and whether such drug effect, if it exists, is gender related. Methods: A paper-and-pen test was used. The test consists of line drawings of a person with no arm, one arm, or both arms crossing the vertical body axis of the figure. The line drawings are viewed from the back, from the front, or randomly alternating between the back and front drawings. The subjects task is to mark which is the right or left hand in the figure as fast as possible. Results: A main finding in this study was that the ability to discriminate between left and right in visual space was impaired in heroin-dependent patients. Especially, heroin-dependent females performed poorer than control females in all conditions but heroin-dependent males only performed poorly in part of conditions. Conclusions: Recent heroin abuse impairs the ability of right-left discrimination and such impairment is gender related: heroin-dependent females demonstrated greater performance deficits than males.

Wavelength-tuneable liquid crystal lasers from the visible to the near-infrared

The study of band-edge lasing from dye-doped chiral nematic liquid crystals has thus far been largely restricted to visible wavelengths. In this paper, a wide range of commercially available laser dyes are examined for their suitability as infrared emitters within a chiral nematic host. Problems such as poor solubility and reduced quantum efficiencies are overcome, and successful band-edge lasing is demonstrated within the range of 735-850 nm, using the dyes LD800, HITC-P and DOTC-P. This paper also reports on progress towards widely tuneable liquid crystal lasers, capable of emission in the region 460- 850 nm. Key to this is the use of common pump source, capable of simultaneously exciting all of the dyes (both infrared and visible) that are present within the system. Towards this aim, we successfully demonstrate near-infrared lasing (800 nm) facilitated by Förster energy transfer between the visible dye DCM, and the infra-red dye LD800, enabling pump wavelengths anywhere between 420 and 532 nm to be used. These results demonstrate that small and low-cost tuneable visible to near-infrared laser sources are achievable, using a single common pump source. Such devices are envisaged to have wide-ranging applications including medical imaging (including optical coherence tomography), point-of-care optical medical diagnostics (such as flow cytometry), telecommunications, and optical signatures for security coatings. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of woolly flying squirrel (Rodentia : Sciuridae), inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences

To investigate the genetic diversity between the populations of woolly flying squirrels (Eupetaurus) from the eastern and western extremes of the Himalayas, partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (390-810bp) that were determined from the museum specimens were analyzed using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The molecular data reveal that the two specimens that were collected in northwestern Yunnan (China) are members of the genus Eupetaurus. Reconstructed phylogenetic relationships show that the populations of Eupetaurus in the eastern and western extremes of the Himalayas are two distinct species with significant genetic differences (12%) and diverged about 10.8 million years ago. Eupetaurus is significantly different from Petaurista and Pteromys. The level of estimated pairwise-sequence divergence observed between Eupetaurus and Petaurista or Pteromys is greater than that observed between Eupetaurus and Trogopterus, Belomys, Glaucomys, or Hylopetes. Considering the divergence time of the two Eupetaurus groups, the glaciations and the uplift of the Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet plateau during the Pliocene-Pleistocene period might be the major factors affecting the present distribution of Eupetaurus along the Himalayas. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.