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With a focus on white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), a concurrent electronic tagging and larval sampling effort was conducted in the vicinity of Mona Passage (off southeast Hispaniola), Dominican Republic, during April and May 2003. Objectives were 1) to characterize the horizontal and vertical movement of adults captured from the area by using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs); and 2) by means of larval sampling, to investigate whether fish were reproducing. Trolling from a sportfishing vessel yielded eight adult white marlin and one blue marlin (Makaira nigricans); PSAT tags were deployed on all but one of these individuals. The exception was a female white marlin that was unsuitable for tagging because of injury; the reproductive state of its ovaries was examined histologically. Seven of the PSATs reported data summaries for water depth, temperature, and light levels measured every minute for periods ranging from 28 to 40 days. Displacement of marlin from the location of release to the point of tag pop-up ranged from 3l.6 to 267.7 nautical miles (nmi) and a mean displacement was 3.4 nmi per day for white marlin. White and blue marlin mean daily displacements appeared constrained compared to the results of other marlin PSAT tagging studies. White marlin ovarian sections contained postovulatory follicles and final maturation-stage oocytes, which indicated recent and imminent spawning. Neuston tows (n=23) yielded 18 istiophorid larvae: eight were white marlin, four were blue marlin, and six could not be identified to species. We speculate that the constrained movement patterns of adults may be linked to reproductive activity for both marlin species, and, if true, these movement patterns may have several implications for management. Protection of the potentially important white marlin spawning ground near Mona Passage seems warranted, at least until further studies can be conducted on the temporal and spatial extent of reproduction and associated adult movement.

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SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated-protein 1) 家族蛋白是普遍存在于真核生物中的一类小分子量蛋白质,其主要的生物学功能在于参与SCF复合体的形成,从而调控生物体内泛素介导的蛋白质降解,并参与多方面的生物发育过程。SKP1蛋白能够同时和Cullin蛋白以及F-box蛋白结合,形成SCF复合体的核心部分。因此,SKP1正常功能的维持对于SCF复合体功能的实现至关重要。研究显示,植物中尤其是以拟南芥为代表模式植物中已经发现了21个SKP1基因成员,并发现其中的ASK1参与了多个SCF复合体的形成并调控着包括植物雄性减数分裂、生长素、赤霉素、茉莉酸和乙烯等生理和发育进程。但是来自高等植物尤其是小麦和水稻中的SKP1基因还鲜有报道,其功能还不为所知;此外,SKP1基因与ABA的关系还没有任何报道。   本文利用筛选小麦减数分裂期小花的cDNA文库结合RT-PCR的方法从小麦中分离到了一个SKP1同源基因,并命名为TSK1 (Triticum aestivum SKP1-Like 1)。序列比较结果显示TSK1与多个植物来源的SKP1基因有较高的同源性,对其推测的编码蛋白序列的分析发现TSK1与包括拟南芥来源的ASK1/ASK2等蛋白的羧基端存在非常高的保守性。   在对TSK1表达模式的研究中,本文发现TSK1主要是集中在小麦花序和幼根中表达。利用多种激素对小麦幼苗处理之后,发现TSK1的表达受ABA的抑制,但是当小麦中ABA合成受抑的情况下,TSK1的表达会有所增加,说明TSK1的表达受ABA的调控。RNA原位杂交显示TSK1基因在花顶端分生组织、花药以及幼根等分生较旺盛的组织中有较强的表达,暗示该基因可能参与了与细胞分裂相关的过程。   为了研究TSK1可能具有的功能,本文首先在ask1-1突变体背景上超表达TSK1,发现能够部分恢复ask1-1突变体雄性不育的表型,说明TSK1和ASK1在植物减数分裂过程中存在某种保守性。   在野生型拟南芥中超表达TSK1造成了拟南芥多个方面的变化,包括萌发和开花推迟,气孔开度减小等。进一步的观察发现,转基因植株的萌发和营养生长都呈现出对ABA的超敏感,后续证据证实这种ABA的超敏感性并不是由于转基因拟南芥中ABA合成途径的改变所造成的,而极有可能是影响了ABA的信号传导过程。RT-PCR的结果显示,转基因植株中多个ABA相关的已知基因表达量的发生了变化。   为了提供植物中SKP1家族成员参与调节植物ABA信号传导途径证据,本文对拟南芥ASK1/ask1 ASK12/ask2的杂合双突变体自交后代进行了研究。结果显示,ask1/ask1纯合突变体和ask1/ask1 ASK2/ask2植株表现出对ABA的弱敏感性。该结果从另一个侧面印证了TSK1超表达植株对ABA超敏感表型。   此外,TSK1超表达拟南芥也表现出生长素相关表型,也印证了该基因可能与ASK1类似,参与到生长素介导的根发育过程。   综上所述,本文认为TSK1参与了植物激素介导的植物发育过程,而且极有可能是形成了目前未知的某种SCF复合体。最重要的是,本文的结果为SCF复合体参与调节植物ABA信号传导途径提供了生理及遗传层面的证据。      

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A culture experiment of mud crab for 84 days was conducted in earthen pond at Brackishwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Paikgacha, Khulna. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of cowdung application on crab production and water quality. There were three treatments as without cowdung (T1), 500 kg cowdung/ha/fortnight (T2) and 750 kg cowdung/ha/fortnight (T3) with three replicates for each. The result was evaluated on the basis of growth, production, survival rate etc. The experimental months were mid-April '96 to mid-July '96. To maintain a good water quality, water was exchanged in every spring tide. The range of salinity during the experiment was 8-19 ppt. Trash fish and fresh shrimp head were used as feed on raw basis in every alternate week at a rate of 8% body weight of crab at the same time rice bran and wheat flour were used at a rate of 2% body weight as a source of carbohydrate. The production of T1, T2 and T3, were 720.35 kg, 862.16 kg and 669.19 kg/ha respectively. Though the effects of cowdung on production of crab is insignificant but in terms of production, survival rate and growth, the study suggest that the application of cowdung in addition to feed can be recommended for mud crab culture at a rate of 500 kg/ha/fortnight.

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1.对嗜热蓝藻层理鞭枝藻(Mastigocladus laminosus)藻胆体的光谱特性和光能传递进行了研究。其完整藻胆体的吸收峰位于622 nm,室温荧光发射峰位于673 nm。在77K荧光发射光谱中,完整藻胆体的荧光峰只有一个,位于685 nm,是末端发射体1的荧光。在低浓度磷酸缓冲液中发生严重解离的藻胆体,其77K荧光发射光谱中有二个发射峰和一个发射肩。两个荧光发射峰分别位于644 nm和683 nm。前者为主峰,属于C-藻蓝蛋白的荧光,后者是次峰,属于末端发射体2的荧光。荧光发射肩位于660 nm附近,属于别藻蓝蛋白的荧光。据此,提出层理鞭枝藻藻胆体光能传递途径如下: 藻红蓝蛋白→c—藻蓝蛋白→别藻蓝蛋白→端发射体l、末端发射体2: 2.对嗜热蓝藻层理鞭枝藻藻胆体—类囊体膜的光谱特性和光能传递进行了研究。在吸收光谱中,其藻胆体——类囊体膜在可见光区域有5个峰,它们分别位于420 nm、438 nm、490 nm、624 nm和678 nm。420 nm、438 nm和678 nm为叶绿素a的吸收峰位置。490 nm是类胡罗卜素的吸收峰,624 nm是藻胆体的吸收峰。对藻胆体——类囊体膜用580 nm波长的光激发藻胆蛋白时,在室温荧光发射光谱中有一个发射峰和一个发射肩,分别位于657 nm和690 nm,前者属于藻胆蛋白的荧光,后者属于叶绿素a的荧光。这说明藻胆蛋白能将捕获的光能传递给类囊体膜上的叶绿素a。在77K荧光发射光谱中有4个峰,它们分别位于649 nm、660 nm、688 nm和730 nm。前二者属于藻胆蛋白的荧光,后二者属于叶绿素a的荧光。这同样说明藻胆蛋白能将捕获的光能传递给类囊体膜上的叶绿素a。当用436 nm波长光激发叶绿素a时,藻胆体——类囊体膜的室温荧光发射光谱中有两个荧光峰出现,位于685 nm的峰来源于光系统Ⅱ,位于713 nm的峰来源于系统I。这说明叶绿素a捕获的光能不能逆传递给藻胆体中的藻胆蛋白。在77K荧光发射光谱中也只有叶绿素a的荧光峰,位于695 nm的峰来源于光系统Ⅱ,位于730 nm的峰来源于光系统l。此结果同样说明叶绿素a捕获的光能不能逆传递给藻胆蛋白. 3.我们以多变鱼腥藻(Anabaena variabilis)为材料,对其藻胆体核心和藻蓝蛋白进行了重组实验,得到了具有光能传递效率的藻胆体核心——藻蓝蛋白复合物。在吸收光谱中,藻胆体核心有一吸收峰和一个吸收肩,分别位于654 nm和600 nm。藻蓝蛋白的吸收光谱中只有一个峰,位于620 nm.重组样品的吸收光谱有一吸收峰和一吸收肩,分别位于654 nm和620 nm.由于620 nm与654 nm的吸收比远大于核心的600 nm与654 nm的吸收比,因此,可以认为部分藻蓝蛋白已与核心重组。在室温荧光发射光谱中,藻胆体核心只有一个峰,位于676 nm。藻蓝蛋白只有一个峰,位于653 nm。重组样品有一荧光发射峰和一荧光发射肩,分别在669 nm和650 nm附近。669 nm荧光来源于核心,650 nm荧光来源于藻蓝蛋白。重组后的核心的650 nm荧光显著大于未重组的核心,这也说明部分藻蓝蛋白与核心已重组.在77K荧光发射光谱中,藻蓝蛋白只有一个峰,位于655 nm。藻胆体核心有二个峰,分别位于666 nm和686 nm。重组样品有两个荧光发射峰和一荧光发射肩,分别位于666 nm、683 nm和648 nm附近.重组的核心的别藻蓝蛋白的荧光(F666)和藻蓝蛋白的荧光(F648)都强于未重组的核心。这一结果同样说明有藻胆体——藻蓝蛋白复合物生成。 除以上研究工作之外,我们还对多变鱼腥藻藻胆体在解离过程中的光谱特性及光能传递、藻胆体——类囊体膜的光谱特性及光能传递、藻胆体解离重组、藻胆体核心在低浓度磷酸缓冲液中的光谱特性、以及温度对藻胆体核心的影响等进行了研究。研究结果有待整理。 本文编写:PBS:藻胆体;PEB:藻红胆素;PE:藻红蛋白;PUB:藻尿胆素;PEC:藻红蓝蛋白;PCB:藻蓝胆素;PC:藻蓝蛋白;PSⅡ:光系统Ⅱ;APC:别藻蓝蛋白;PS I:光系统I;TE:末端发射体