中国牛蛭属一新种记述(吻蛭目,医蛭科)

报道了采自云南省景东县的牛蛭属Poecilobdella Blanchard,18931新种。由于新种总体环数为99环,生殖孔分别在30(Ⅺ)与38(ⅩⅢ)环内,两孔相隔7环;肛门在99环与尾吸盘交界线上;附睾呈卵圆形,精管膨腔呈梨形并且为前者的1/3大小;阴道盲囊呈圆球形,阴道管粗短且无阴道柄。因此与本属中所有的已知种均不相同。

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对黑藻生长的影响

研究了0、2、8、32 mg/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对沉水植物轮叶黑藻生长状况的影响。结果表明,28、mg/L的SDBS对黑藻植株长度的增长均有促进作用,其中8 mg/L处理下作用最为明显,在较高浓度32 mg/L处理下,黑藻植株增长则相对受到抑制,植株长度增加缓慢。2 mg/L SDBS对黑藻生物量的增加有促进作用;在8 mg/L SDBS处理下,黑藻生物量与对照比较变化不大;而在高浓度32 mg/L SDBS处理下,黑藻生物量逐渐降低,并且低于对照组。本试验条件下SDBS对黑藻植株分枝有一定促

鲢和草鱼鳃部寄生单殖吸虫的种群分布和季节动态

作者在 1995— 1996年期间 ,对同一口池塘中的鲢和草鱼寄生鲢指环虫 (Dactylogyrushypophthalmichthys)和鳃片指环虫 (D .lamellatus)进行了种群分布和季节动态研究。两种单殖吸虫种群丰盛度的季节变化与其感染率的变化基本相似 :鲢指环虫 2— 3月种群的丰盛度逐渐增加 ,4月达到高峰 ,随后逐渐下降 ,在秋冬季维持在一个较低的水平上 ;鳃片指环虫在 11至来年 3月种群的丰盛度逐渐上升 ,4月达到高峰 ,随后迅速下降 ,在夏秋季维持在一个较低的水平。

Temporal difference models describe higher-order learning in humans.

The ability to use environmental stimuli to predict impending harm is critical for survival. Such predictions should be available as early as they are reliable. In pavlovian conditioning, chains of successively earlier predictors are studied in terms of higher-order relationships, and have inspired computational theories such as temporal difference learning. However, there is at present no adequate neurobiological account of how this learning occurs. Here, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of higher-order aversive conditioning, we describe a key computational strategy that humans use to learn predictions about pain. We show that neural activity in the ventral striatum and the anterior insula displays a marked correspondence to the signals for sequential learning predicted by temporal difference models. This result reveals a flexible aversive learning process ideally suited to the changing and uncertain nature of real-world environments. Taken with existing data on reward learning, our results suggest a critical role for the ventral striatum in integrating complex appetitive and aversive predictions to coordinate behaviour.

Characterization of two genes encoding leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

The cDNAs and genes of two different types of leucine- rich repeat-containing proteins from grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were cloned. Homology search revealed that the two genes, designated as GC-GARP and GC-LRG, have 37% and 32% deduced aminoacid sequence similarities with human glycoprotein A repetitions predominant precursor ( GARP) and leucine-rich alpha2-glycoprotein (LRG), respectively. The cDNAs of GC-GARP and GC-LRG encoded 664 and 339 amino acid residues, respectively. GC-GARP and GC-LRG contain many distinct structural and/or functional motifs of the leucine- rich repeat (LRR) subfamily, such as multiple conserved 11-residue segments with the consensus sequence LxxLxLxxN/CxL ( x can be any amino acid). The genes GC-GARP and GC-LRG consist of two exons, with 4,782 bp and 2,119 bp in total length, respectively. The first exon of each gene contains a small 5'-untranslated region and partial open reading frame. The putative promoter region of GC-GARP was found to contain transcription factor binding sites for GATA-1, IRF4, Oct-1, IRF-7, IRF-1, AP1, GATA-box and NFAT, and the promoter region of GC-LRG for MYC-MAX, MEIS1, ISRE, IK3, HOXA9 and C/EBP alpha. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GC-GARP and mammalian GARPs were clustered into one branch, while GC-LRG and mammalian LRGs were in another branch. The GC-GARP gene was only detected in head kidney, and GC-LRG in the liver, spleen and heart in the copepod ( Sinergasilus major)- infected grass carp, indicating the induction of gene expression by the parasite infection. The results obtained in the present study provide insight into the structure of fish LRR genes, and further study should be carried out to understand the importance of LRR proteins in host - pathogen interactions.

Ferromagnetic MnSb Films Consisting of Nanorods and Nanoleaves

Ferromagnetic MnSb films were synthesized on Si wafers by physical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction revealed that the films primarily consisted of MnSb alloy. Nanorods and nanoleaves were observed in the MnSb films by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. These nanorods had an average diameter of 20nm and a length of up to hundreds of nanometers. The nanoleaves had a width and thickness of about 100 and 20nm, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured by an alternative gradient magnetometer, and the loops showed strong geometrical anisotropy.

Si基高速为OEIC光接收机芯片的研究

Si基光电子集成（OEIC）光接收机在光通信系统接入网、光互连、光存储等方面有着广泛的应用前景。本文综述Si基OEIC光接收芯片的研究现状，分析了其发展趋势，探讨了进一步提高性能的途径。

镜面起伏对1.55 μm Si基MEMS光滤波器的影响

用传输矩阵方法，在简化的光学模型基础上，分别讨论了分布式Bragg反射镜DBR（Distributed Bragg Reflector）的生长精度及镜面起伏对1.55 μm Si基MEMS（Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System）可调谐光滤波器透射谱的影响。计算表明

在微晶硅薄膜中替代式硼杂质的非受主态行为

国家自然科学基金