Mossbauer study of La1-xCaxMn1-y (57)FeyO(3) with x = 0, 0.25; y=0.01

Temperature dependent Mossbauer measurements are done on the samples of La1- xCaxMn1-y (FeyO3)-Fe-57 with x=0 and 0.25, and y=0.01. With decreasing temperature, the specimen with x=0.25 shows a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 175 K. In the specimen x=0.0, the temperature dependence of both the center shift (delta) and the recoilless fraction (f) can be fitted very well with the Debye theory with a theta(D)=320+/-50 K. But for the specimens with x=0.25, f and delta show distinct deviations from the Debye behavior in the temperature range in which the resistivity shows a sharp decrease. Dips observed in both the f and delta around the transition temperature suggest that the Jahn-Teller distortion observed in these systems is dynamic in nature.

A thermodynamic interpretation of the zonal arrangement of minerals in the bedded manganese deposits of the Noda tamagawa mine, Japan

Calculated phase relations in the system MnOSi02-C02-02 were used to propose a thermodynamic explanation for the thermal metamorphism of rhodochrosite beds lying between chert strata. The metamorphic MnOS i 0 2 minerals are arranged in order quartz(chert), rhodonite. tephroite and manganosite-hausmannite-pyrochroite rhodonite across the ore bed. The calculation covered temperatures up to 1000 K and pressures up to 5 kb. The zoning was interpreted as the result of a continuous rise in metamorphic temperature. The equilibrium partner of rhodochrosite changed from rhodonite through manganosite. Across the ore bed there are gradients in the chemical potential of MnO and SiO2 but fugacities of volatlle components such as C02. 02 and H20 were probably uniform at any given time and location during formation of the zones. Assuming that the total pressure and the fugacity of C02 were at 1.4 kb and 1.0 1 b. respectively. rhodonite. tephroite and manganosite would have formed at 472. 478 and 629 K.

On the mechanism of plastic flow at 86°k in quenched and aged aluminum

The plastic flow of quenched aluminium at 86°K was investigated by ‘differential-stress’ creep tests in order to evaluate the rate-controlling mechanism in as-quenched and fully aged states. The experimental values of activation volume (4·3 × 10−21 cm3 for as-quenched and 5·5×l0−21cm3 for fully aged) and the total energy for thermal activation process (0·4 ev for both) are in accordance with the jog hardening and loop hardening mechanisms in quenched and fully aged states respectively.

Antimicrobial Properties of Nanostructured TiO2 Plus Fe Additive Thin Films Synthesized by a Cost-Effective Sol-Gel Process

We prepared thin films composed of pure TiO2 or TiO2 with an Fe additive (at concentrations of 0.2-0.8 wt%) via a simple and cost effective sol gel process, and tested their antifungal properties (against Candida albicans (MTCC-1637), Candida tropicalis (MTCC-184), Candida parapsilosis (MTCC-2509), and Candida glabrata (MTCC-3019) and antibacterial properties (against Staphylococcus faecalis (NCIM-2604) Staphylococcus epidermidis (NCIM-2493), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIL-2122), and Bacillus subtilis (NCIM-2549)). The films were deposited on glass and Si substrates and subjected to annealing at 400 degrees C for 3 h in ambient air. The film structural and morphological properties were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy profilometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Antifungal and antibacterial tests were conducted using the drop test method. Among the species examined, Candida albicans (MTCC-1637), and Staphylococcus aureus (NCIL-2122) showed complete colony formation inhibition after exposure for 4 h for the TiO2 loaded with 0.8 wt% Fe thin films. These results indicate that increasing the Fe concentration increased the antimicrobial activity, with complete inhibition of colony formation after 4 h exposure.

Variation of Snowline and Mass Balance of Glaciers of Warwan and Bhut Basins of Western Himalaya Using Remote Sensing Technique

Glaciers are natural reservoirs of fresh water in frozen state and sensitive indicators of climate change. Among all the mountainous glaciated regions, glaciers of Himalayas form one of the largest concentrations of ice outside the Polar Regions. Almost all the major rivers of northern India originate from these glaciers and sustain perennial flow. Therefore, in view of the importance and role of the glaciers in sustaining the life on the Earth, monitoring the health of glaciers is necessary. Glacier's health is monitored in two ways (i) by mapping the change in extent of glaciers (ii) by finding variation in the annual mass balance. This paper has been discussed the later approach for monitoring the health of glaciers of Warwan and Bhut basins. Mass balance of glaciers of these two basins was determined based on the extraction of snow line at the end of ablation season. A series of satellite images of AWiFS sensor were analysed for extraction of snowline on the glaciers for the period of 2005, 2006 and 2007. The snow line at the end of ablation season is used to compute accumulation area ratio (AAR = Accumulation area/Glacier area) for each glacier of basins. An approach based on relationship of AAR to specific mass balance (computed in field) for glaciers of Basapa basin was employed in the present study. Mean of specific mass balance of individual glacier for the year 2005, 2006 and 2007 of Warwan basin was found to be -ve 0.19 m, -ve 0.27 m and -ve 0.2 m respectively. It is 0.05 m, -ve 0.11 m and -ve 0.19 m for Bhut basin. The analysis suggests a loss of 4.3 and 0.83 kmA(3) of glacier in the monitoring period of 3 years for Warwan and Bhut basins respectively. The overall results suggest that the glaciers of Warwan basin and Bhut basins have suffered more loss of ice than gain in the monitoring period of 3 years.

Enhancement in threshold voltage with thickness in memory switch fabricated using GeSe1.5S0.5 thin films

Investigations on the electrical switching, structural, optical and photoacoustic analysis have been undertaken on chalcogenide GeSe1.5S0.5 thin films of various thicknesses prepared by vacuum evaporation technique. The decrease of band gap energy with increase in film thickness has been explained using the `density of states model'. The structural units of the films are characterized using Raman spectroscopy and the deconvoluted Raman peaks obtained from Gaussian fit around 188 cm(-1), 204 cm(-1) and 214 cm(-1) favors Ge-chalcogen tetrahedral units forming corner and edge sharing tetrahedra. All the thin films samples have been exhibited memory-type electrical switching behavior. An enhancement in the threshold voltages of GeSe1.5S0.5 thin films have been observed with increase in film thickness. The thickness dependence of switching voltages provide an insight into the switching mechanism and it is explained by the Joule heating effect. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Compressive flow behavior of Al-Si based alloy: Role of heat treatment

The flow characteristics of a near eutectic Al-Si based cast alloy have been examined in compression at strain rates varying from 3 x 10(-4) to 10(2) s(-1) and at three different temperatures, i.e., room temperature (RT), 100 degrees C and 200 degrees C. The dependence of the flow behavior on heat treatment is studied by testing the alloy in non-heat treated (NHT) and heat treated (HT) conditions. The heat treatment has strong influence on strain rate sensitivity (SRS), strength and work hardening behavior of the alloy. It is observed that the strength of the alloy increases with increase in strain rate and it increases more rapidly above the strain rate of 10(-1) s(-1) in HT condition at all the temperatures, and at 100 degrees C and 200 degrees C in NHT condition. The thermally dependent process taking place in the HT matrix is responsible for the observed greater SRS in HT condition. The alloy in HT condition exhibits a larger work hardening rate than in NHT condition during initial stages of straining. However, the hardening rate decreases more sharply at higher strains in HT condition due to precipitate shearing and higher rate of Si particle fracture. Thermal hardening is observed at 200 degrees C in NHT condition due to precipitate formation, which results in increased SRS at higher temperatures. Thermal softening is observed in HT condition at 200 C due to precipitate coarsening, which leads to a decrease in SRS at higher temperatures. Stress simulations by a finite element method support the experimentally observed particle and matrix fracture behavior. A negative SRS and serrated flow are observed in the lower strain rate regime (3 x 10(-4)-10(-2) s(-1)) at RT and 100 degrees C, in both NHT and HT conditions. The observations show that both dynamic strain aging (DSA) and precipitate shearing play a role in serrated flow. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A carboxy terminal domain of the L protein of rinderpest virus possesses RNA triphosphatase activity - The first enzyme in the viral mRNA capping pathway

The large protein L of negative-sense RNA viruses is a multifunctional protein involved in transcription and replication of genomic RNA. It also possesses enzymatic activities involved in capping and methylation of viral mRNAs. The pathway for mRNA capping followed by the L protein of the viruses in the Morbillivirus genus has not been established, although it has been speculated that these viruses may follow the unconventional capping pathway as has been shown for some viruses of Rhabdoviridae family. We had earlier shown that the large protein L of Rinderpest virus expressed as recombinant L-P complex in insect cells as well as the ribonucleoprotein complex from purified virus possesses RNA triphosphatase (RTPase) and guanylyltransferase activities, in addition to RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity. In the present work, we demonstrate that RTPase as well as nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activities are exhibited by a subdomain of the L protein in the C terminal region (a.a. 1640 1840). The RTPase activity depends absolutely on a divalent cation, either magnesium or manganese. Both the RTPase and NTPase activities of the protein show dual metal specificity. Two mutant proteins having alanine mutations in the glutamic acid residues in motif-A of the RTPase domain did not show RTPase activity, while exhibiting reduced NTPase activity suggesting overlapping active sites for the two enzymatic functions. The RTPase and NTPase activities of the L subdomain resemble those of the Vaccinia capping enzyme D1 and the baculovirus LEF4 proteins. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Connecting Active-Site Loop Conformations and Catalysis in Triosephosphate Isomerase: Insights from a Rare Variation at Residue96 in the Plasmodial Enzyme

Despite extensive research into triosephosphate isomerases (TIMs), there exists a gap in understanding of the remarkable conjunction between catalytic loop-6 (residues 166-176) movement and the conformational flip of Glu165 (catalytic base) upon substrate binding that primes the active site for efficient catalysis. The overwhelming occurrence of serine at position96 (98% of the 6277 unique TIM sequences), spatially proximal to E165 and the loop-6 residues, raises questions about its role in catalysis. Notably, Plasmodium falciparum TIM has an extremely rare residuephenylalanineat this position whereas, curiously, the mutant F96S was catalytically defective. We have obtained insights into the influence of residue96 on the loop-6 conformational flip and E165 positioning by combining kinetic and structural studies on the PfTIM F96 mutants F96Y, F96A, F96S/S73A, and F96S/L167V with sequence conservation analysis and comparative analysis of the available apo and holo structures of the enzyme from diverse organisms.

模拟引潮力作用下岩石破坏前兆的实验研究 --加卸载响应比(LURR)理论和能量加速释放(AER)

大地震前加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放这2种现象可以用来对地震进行中期预报.同时,加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放有相同的物理机制.实验对于揭示地壳岩石的变形和破坏规律是非常重要的.在三轴应力条件下进行了岩石破坏声发射实验,声发射技术是研究岩石变形破坏微观机理的重要手段.为了模拟日月引潮力对地球的加载和卸载作用,在一常数加载率的轴向压力作用下,叠加上微小的正弦扰动,力求能够模拟地下岩石复杂的受力状态.实验过程中记录到大量的声发射信息,声发射记录包括声发射发生的时间、空间坐标和振幅,它能够反映岩石试件内部每一

Inclusión de desperdicios de cocina y galletas en la alimentación de cerdos de engorde

El presente estudio se realizó en la Granja Porcina de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), ubicada en el kilómetro 13, Carretera Norte, desvió a Sabana Grande, Managua, Nicaragua La realización del ensayó duró 12 semanas comprendidas entre los meses de septiembre-y diciembre de 1998 El objetivo del mismo fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo de cerdos en crecimiento, desarrollo y engorde al utilizar diferentes raciones: concentrado (T1) desperdicios de cocina (T2) y desperdicios de cocina más desperdicios de galleta (T3) Se utilizaron 24 cerdos- híbridos formándose grupos de 8 cerdos por tratamiento, (4 hembras y 4 machos) Los cerdos se pesaron al inicio y luego cada 28 días hasta el final del experimentó, Con las ganancias de peso y conversión alimenticia de los diferentes lotes de cerdos, se efectuó el análisis estadístico correspondiente al diseño experimental completamente al azar (DCA). Los cerdos que presentaron una ganancia de peso más alta, fueron los que se alimentaron con la ración formulada con fuente comercial (tratamiento l) dando una ganancia de peso promedio de 0.693 kg; Los cerdos alimentados con l00% de desperdicios de cocina alcanzaron una ganancia de peso promedio de 0.540 kg, mientras que los del tratamiento 3 alimentados con 50.% con desperdicios de cocina más 50% de desperdicios de galleta alcanzaron una ganancia media de peso promedio de 0,629 kg. El análisis de la ganancia media diaria mostró que hubo diferencia significativa con un alfa de 0.05% entre el tratamiento l y tratamiento 2 y entre los tratamientos 2 y 3, no mostrando diferencia entre los tratamientos 1 y 3, obteniendo el tratamiento 1 la rmejor ganancia media diaria. La conversión de los alimentados bajo el tratamiento de concentrado comercial, fue la más eficiente con un valor de 3.804 Los cerdos bajo el tratamiento 2 presentaron una conversión de 9.691 y el lote de cerdos en el tratamiento 3 presentó una conversión de 7.417. El análisis estadístico mostró que las diferencias en conversión alimenticia son altamente significativas entre el tratamiento l y tratamiento 2 y el tratamiento 1 y el tratamiento 3 y no significativas entre el tratamiento 2 y 3, obteniendo mejor resultado el tratamiento I (concentrado) a un alfa de 0.05%. En la estimación de los costos de los alimentos, el tratamiento 2 produjo los mayores beneficios económicos; debido al bajo costo del alimento con un valor de C$ 9, 856.

Efecto de tres distancias de siembra sobre el rendimiento de tres variedades de tabaco habano (Nicotiana tabacum L.), en el municipio de Condega, Esteli

El presente estudio se desarrolló en la finca Cerro Azul, Comunidad de San Pedro, municipio de Condega, Estelí, situado a 620 msnm, 14° 72' 24'' Latitud Norte y 86° 56' 30'' Longitud Oeste, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de tres distancia de siembra de siembra (30.48, 35.56 y 40.64 cm) sobre el rendimiento de tres variedades de tabaco (Habano Criollo 751, Habano 2,000 y Habano 98). El ensayo se estableció en febrero del año 2,004. Se utilizó un diseño en Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA) con arreglos en Parcelas Divididas con cuatro réplicas, ubicando en las parcelas grandes las distancias de siembra. A los resultados obtenidos se les realizó un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias a través de la prueba de rangos múltiples de Tukey con un 95 % de confianza (8=0.05). Los resultados del estudio determinaron que las densidades estudiadas no presentaron efecto significativo en las variables evaluadas. Por otro lado, las variedades de Habano evaluadas demostraron alta significación estadística en la altura de planta y cortes realizados. Para el caso de la distancia entre plantas, los mayores promedios se observaron a los 60 DDT en la densidad de 30,629 plantas ha-1 con 127.78 cm y el menor valor la densidad de 26 814 plantas ha-1 con 120.98 cm. La variedad Habano 2 000 mostró la mayor altura con 128.92 cm, y 121.28 cm la variedad Habano Criollo con 121.28 cm. La mayor longitud de hoja se obtuvo en la densidad de 30 629 plantas ha-1 con un valor promedio de 49.41 cm, y la menor longitud de obtuvo en 35,725 plantas ha-1. Habano Criollo y Habano 2000 presentaron longitud de 49.55 y 49.10 cm. El peso final al beneficiado presentó diferencias estadísticas a los 94 y 102 ddt, siendo la densidad de 35,725 plantas ha-1 la de mayores valores (582.78 y 692.06kg ha-1) y la de menor promedio la densidad 26,814 (483.92 y 628.57 kg ha-1). La variedad Habano 98 evaluada a los 102 ddt mostró 684.78 kg ha-1 y 624.41 kg ha-1 para Habano Criollo. El cultivar Habano 98 con la menor distancia de siembra presentó la mejor relación Beneficio/Costo, obteniendo una ganancia de 2.03 dólar por cada dólar invertido.