微通道中应用“流动汇聚”形成分散体系

在微流控器件内集成具有流动汇聚功能的几何结构以研究液-液系统中液滴的形成.相图显示液滴的大小为流量以及两种液体流量比的函数,它包括两个区域,在一个区域中液滴大小和孔隙宽度接近,而在另一区域液滴大小则取决于"汇聚"后的细流直径,从而能形成远小于孔隙的液滴.单分散和多分散乳状液均可以被生成.

Introducción a las microfinanzas como instrumento de desarrollo

La duración estimada del curso es de 12 horas. Está estructurado en 4 sesiones que responden a los siguientes temas con la siguiente duración : • Sesión 1 – Introducción a las microfinanzas (1,5 h) • Sesión 2 – Microfinanzas y desarrollo (1,5 h) • Sesión 3 – La técnica de las microfinanzas I (3h) • Sesión 4 – La técnica de las microfinanzas II (3h) • Sesión 5 – Impacto social (3h)

圆夹杂内裂纹对SH波的动力响应

利用特殊函数的Graf加法公式和波函数展开方法得出了圆夹杂内作用集中力的格林函数。根据Bessel函数的渐近性质，对所得格林函数的奇异部分和有界部分进行了分离。利用所得的格林函数和互易定理得出了圆夹杂内裂纹在SH波作用下的散射场。根据裂纹的散射场建立了圆夹杂内裂纹的超奇异积分方程。对超奇异积分方程的数值求解，可得裂纹端点的动应力强度因子。

Financiamento de campanhas : problemas do modelo atual e opções legislativas para enfrentá-los

Analisa o financiamento das campanhas, mostrando que os gastos eleitorais, de origem privada, têm crescido num ritmo exponencial. Em 2002, os gastos declarados à Justiça Eleitoral por partidos e candidatos nas campanhas para deputado federal alcançaram R$ 189,6 milhões; em 2010, esse valor chegou ao montante de R$ 908,2 milhões, um crescimento de 479% em oito anos. Na mesma direção, as campanhas presidenciais, que custaram R$ 94 milhões, em 2002, alcançaram a cifra de R$ 590 milhões em 2010, um crescimento de 627% em oito anos.

波-流相互作用的缓坡方程及其波作用量守恒

当表面波从开阔海域传播至近岸水域时,普遍的波-流相互作用经受着海底的强烈影响,运用水波Hamil-ton变分原理,建立了近岸水域任意水深变化海底上波-流相互作用的缓坡方程.它可包含波、流和水深一般变化的二阶效应,约化为某些典型的缓坡型方程.据此得出广义程函方程,并且证明该缓坡方程的波作用最守恒.

Little known parts of Panama

An account of Pittier's travels around Panama. Written as a travel guide, Pittier describes the flora and fauna of the different regions as well as the topography, people and geology of the area.

Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary Area to be Avoided (ATBA) Education and Monitoring Program

The National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1431, as amended) gives the Secretary of Commerce the authority to designate discrete areas of the marine environment as National Marine Sanctuaries and provides the authority to promulgate regulations to provide for the conservation and management of these marine areas. The waters of the Outer Washington Coast were recognized for their high natural resource and human use values and placed on the National Marine Sanctuary Program Site Evaluation List in 1983. In 1988, Congress directed NOAA to designate the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (Pub. L. 100-627). The Sanctuary, designated in May 1994, worked with the U.S. Coast Guard to request the International Maritime Organization designate an Area to be Avoided (ATBA) on the Olympic Coast. The IMO defines an ATBA as "a routeing measure comprising an area within defined limits in which either navigation is particularly hazardous or it is exceptionally important to avoid casualties and which should be avoided by all ships, or certain classes of ships" (IMO, 1991). This ATBA was adopted in December 1994 by the Maritime Safety Committee of the IMO, “in order to reduce the risk of marine casualty and resulting pollution and damage to the environment of the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary”, (IMO, 1994). The ATBA went into effect in June 1995 and advises operators of vessels carrying petroleum and/or hazardous materials to maintain a 25-mile buffer from the coast. Since that time, Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (OCNMS) has created an education and monitoring program with the goal of ensuring the successful implementation of the ATBA. The Sanctuary enlisted the aid of the U.S. and Canadian coast guards, and the marine industry to educate mariners about the ATBA and to use existing radar data to monitor compliance. Sanctuary monitoring efforts have targeted education on tank vessels observed transiting the ATBA. OCNMS's monitoring efforts allow quantitative evaluation of this voluntary measure. Finally, the tools developed to monitor the ATBA are also used for the more general purpose of monitoring vessel traffic within the Sanctuary. While the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary does not currently regulate vessel traffic, such regulations are within the scope of the Sanctuary’s Final Environmental Impact Statement/Management Plan. Sanctuary staff participate in ongoing maritime and environmental safety initiatives and continually seek opportunities to mitigate risks from marine shipping.(PDF contains 44 pages.)

Laboratory guide to early life history stages of northeast Pacific fishes

This laboratory guide presents taxonomic information on eggs and larvae of fishes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean (north of California) and the eastern Bering Sea. Included are early-life-history series, illustrations, and comparative descriptions of 232 species expected to spawn here, out of a total 627 species known to occur in marine waters of this area. Meristic and general life-history data are included, as well as diagnostic characters to help identify eggs and larvae. Most of this information has been gleaned from literature, with the addition of 200 previously unpublished illustrations. (PDF file contains 654 pages.)

Rasgos psicológicos asociados al ajuste personal y social de estudiantes adolescentes

264 p.

关于线张力对液滴-固体接触角的影响问题

指出并论证了文献[7]得出的"线张力通过液滴在三相接触线处的形状变化对接触角发生作用,是造成接触角测量值不确定性的一个重要原因"的结论是错误的.对于文献[7]所选取的两组典型参数下液滴与固体表面的平衡接触状态(即接触角θ和三相接触线曲率半径ρ)及其稳定性问题纠正推导错误后,得出系统各有3个平衡态,其中,2个稳定,1个不稳定,系统究竟处于哪一个稳定平衡态,由系统的初始条件决定,从而进一步验证了线张力并不导致接触角测量值的不确定性.

Artisanal canoe fishing industry of the Rivers State: its economic viability and investment potentials

Consequent upon the present national call in Nigeria for all to go back to agriculture including fishing, most retrenched workers and unemployed youths from the riverine areas are taking up fishing as a legitimate and gainful livelihood. To sustain this tempo and attract more investment, the economic viability of such projects must be known. This study is an attempt to document the profitability and investment potential of artisanal canoe fishing. Socio-economic information including catches, operational cost and returns were obtained through a personal interview questionnaire survey of 240 randomly selected artisanal canoe fishermen from Bonny, Brass and Degema Local Government Areas (LGA) of the State and analyzed. With an investment cost of about 8,135, 8,490 and 6,571 and operation cost of 750, 776 and 627, the analysis showed an average monthly gross income of 1,869, 3,221 and 1,775 for the three local government areas respectively. A benefit-cost-ratio of 1:8, net present value of 400, 603 and internal rate of return greater than 50% were obtained. Since capital invested in fisheries is not tied up for long before benefits start flowing, coupled with the high IRR, it is concluded that artisanal canoe fishing would be an economically viable venture if well managed

Evolução geológica do Complexo Quirino, Terreno Paraíba do Sul, Setor Central da Faixa Ribeira, com base em dados isotópicos de Sm-Nd e Sr

A área estudada está inserida na Faixa Ribeira, Segmento Central da Província Mantiqueira (Almeida et al., 1973, 1977, 1981), que representa um cinturão de dobramentos e empurrões gerado no Neo-proterozóico/Cambriano, durante a Orogênese Brasiliana, na borda sul/sudeste do Cráton do São Francisco (Almeida, 1971, 1977; Cordani et al., 1967, 1973; Cordani & Brito Neves, 1982; Teixeira & Figueiredo, 1991). Neste contexto, o Complexo Quirino é o embasamento retrabalhado do Terreno Paraíba do Sul (Heilbron et al., 2004). O Complexo Quirino é formado por extensos corpos de ortognaisses foliados a homogêneos, leuco a mesocráticos, de granulometria média à grossa, composicionalmente variando entre granitóides tonalíticos/granodioríticos a graníticos, e apresentando enclaves de rochas ultramáficas, máficas e cálcio-silicáticas (ricas em tremolita). Os ortognaisses tonalíticos/granodioríticos apresentam porfiroblastos de plagioclásio e a hornblenda como máfico principal, contrastando com os de composição granítica que apresentam porfiroblastos de K-feldspato e biotita predominante. Como acessórios aparecem zircão, titanita, apatita e epidoto. Também estão associados a estes ortognaisses, granitóides neoproterozóicos que formam corpos individualizados ou lentes anatéticas no conjunto paleoproterozóico. Estes são compostos predominantemente por biotita gnaisse e hornblenda-biotita gnaisse. A análise litogeoquímicas dos ortognaisses do Complexo Quirino demonstrou a existência de duas séries magmáticas distintas. A primeira pertencente à série cálcio-alcalina de alto-K apresenta uma composição mais expandida granítica-adamelítica/granodioritica/tonalítica e é correlacionável aos bt-ortognaisses e alguns hb-bt-ortognaisses. Os ortognaisses da série médio-K apresentam composição predominantemente tonalítica, sendo correlacionáveis à maioria dos hornblenda-biotita gnaisses. Enclaves lenticulares de metapiroxeníticos e anfibolíticos ocorrem em muitos afloramentos. Também ocorrem granitóides neoproterozóicos de composição graníticas a quartzo-monzoníticas O estudo isotópico de Sm-Nd e Sr demonstrou que os ortognaisses da série cálcio-alcalina de alto-K e aqueles da série cálcio-alcalina de médio-K possuem idades modelo TDM variando entre paleoproterozóicas a arqueanas, consistentes com dados U-Pb em zircão publicados na literatura. A série cálcio-alcalina de alto-K é mais antiga (2308 9,2 Ma a 2185 8 Ma) do que a série calcio-alcalina de médio-K (2169 3 a 2136 14 Ma) e a existência de zircões herdados com idades mínimas de 2846 Ma e 2981 Ma para série de médio-K e 3388 16 para série de alto-K. Os granitóides brasilianos possuem idades de cristalização neoproterozóica correlacionada a Orogênese Brasiliana (602 a 627 Ma) (Viana, 2008; Valladares et al., 2002)./Com base nos dados de Sr e Sm-Nd foi possível caracterizar 4 grupos distintos. Os grupos 1 e 2 são formados por rochas de idade paleoproterozóica (2,1 a 2,3 Ga) com idades modelo TDM variando de 2,9 e 3,4 Ga, εNd entre -8,1 e -5,8 e 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0,694707 (Grupo 1) e TDM variando de 2,5 a 2,7 Ga, εNd entre -5,8 e -3,1 e 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0,680824 (Grupo 2), formados no paleoproterozóico com contribuição de uma crosta arqueana. O grupo 3 é formado por rochas juvenis de idade paleoproterozóica, com idades de cristalização variando entre 2,0 e 2,2 Ga e com idades modelo TDM variando de 2,1 a 2,2 Ga e εNd entre + 1,5 e + 1,2. O grupo 4 é formado durante o neoproterozóico (645 Ma) por rochas possivelmente de idade paleoproterozóico com idades modelo TDM igual a 1,7 Ga e εNd igual a -8,3.

掺镱双包层光纤放大器高功率脉冲放大特性

从放大器速率方程出发，分析了掺镱双包层光纤放大器的放大特性。模拟计算了无信号输入时放大器上能级粒子数、泵浦功率和放大自发辐射（ASE）在放大器中的稳态分布。分析了前向和后向泵浦时，高功率高斯脉冲放大时的脉冲波形畸变、上能级粒子数的时间特性、放大器存储能量和脉冲能量演化等动态特性。讨论了掺镱双包层光纤放大器输出脉冲能量随不同输入脉冲峰值功率和泵浦功率的关系。该模型和结论对高功率脉冲放大器的设计和优化具有一定的理论指导意义。