Sonic hedgehog-Dependent Induction of MicroRNA 31 and MicroRNA 150 Regulates Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Driven Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a significant regulator of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, development, and perpetuation of various disease conditions. Testing whether pathogen-specific HH signaling promotes unique innate recognition of intracellular bacteria, we demonstrate that among diverse Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a vaccine strain, elicits a robust activation of Sonic HH (SHH) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, sustained tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by macrophages was essential for robust SHH activation, as TNF-alpha(-/-) macrophages exhibited compromised ability to activate SHH signaling. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or blockade of TNF-alpha receptor signaling significantly reduced the infection-induced SHH signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, activated SHH signaling downregulated M. bovis BCG-mediated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling events to regulate a battery of genes associated with divergent functions of M1/M2 macrophages. Genome-wide expression profiling as well as conventional gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis showed that SHH signaling-responsive microRNA 31 (miR-31) and miR-150 target MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR2 signaling, thus leading to suppression of TLR2 responses. SHH signaling signatures could be detected in vivo in tuberculosis patients and M. bovis BCG-challenged mice. Collectively, these investigations identify SHH signaling to be what we believe is one of the significant regulators of host-pathogen interactions.

Nanoscale compositional analysis of NiTi shape memory alloy films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

The formation of surface oxide layer as well as compositional changes along the thickness for NiTi shape memory alloy thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering at substrate temperature of 300 degrees C in the as-deposited condition as well as in the postannealed (at 600 degrees C) condition have been thoroughly studied by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy techniques. Formation of titanium oxide (predominantly titanium dioxide) layer was observed in both as-deposited and postannealed NiTi films, although the oxide layer was much thinner (8 nm) in as-deposited condition. The depletion of Ti and enrichment of Ni below the oxide layer in postannealed films also resulted in the formation of a graded microstructure consisting of titanium oxide, Ni3Ti, and B2 NiTi. A uniform composition of B2 NiTi was obtained in the postannealed film only below a depth of 200-250 nm from the surface. Postannealed film also exhibited formation of a ternary silicide (NixTiySi) at the film-substrate interface, whereas no silicide was seen in the as-deposited film. The formation of silicide also caused a depletion of Ni in the film in a region similar to 250-300 nm just above the film substrate interface. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society.

Effect of post-deposition annealing on transverse piezoelectric coefficient and vibration sensing performance of ZnO thin films

The present experimental study investigates the influence of post-deposition annealing on the transverse piezoelectric coefficient (d(31)) value of ZnO thin films deposited on a flexible metal alloy substrate, and its relationship with the vibration sensing performance. Highly c-axis oriented and crystalline ZnO thin films were deposited on flexible Phynox alloy substrate via radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering. ZnO thin film samples were annealed at different temperatures ranging from 100 degrees C to 500 degrees C, resulting in the temperature of 300 degrees C determined as the optimum annealing temperature. The crystallinity, morphology, microstructure, and rms surface roughness of annealed ZnO thin films were systematically investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), respectively. The piezoelectric d(31) coefficient value was measured by 4-point bending method. ZnO thin film annealed at 300 degrees C was highly c-axis oriented, crystalline, possesses fine surface morphology with uniformity in the grain size. This film showed higher d(31) coefficient value of 7.2 pm V-1. A suitable in-house designed and developed experimental set-up, for evaluating the vibration sensing performance of annealed ZnO thin films is discussed. As expected the ZnO thin film annealed at 300 degrees C showed relatively better result for vibration sensing studies. It generates comparatively higher peak output voltage of 147 mV, due to improved structural and morphological properties, and higher piezoelectric d(31) coefficient value. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Sonic hedgehog-Dependent Induction of MicroRNA 31 and MicroRNA 150 Regulates Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Driven Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a significant regulator of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, development, and perpetuation of various disease conditions. Testing whether pathogen-specific HH signaling promotes unique innate recognition of intracellular bacteria, we demonstrate that among diverse Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a vaccine strain, elicits a robust activation of Sonic HH (SHH) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, sustained tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by macrophages was essential for robust SHH activation, as TNF-alpha(-/-) macrophages exhibited compromised ability to activate SHH signaling. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or blockade of TNF-alpha receptor signaling significantly reduced the infection-induced SHH signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, activated SHH signaling downregulated M. bovis BCG-mediated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling events to regulate a battery of genes associated with divergent functions of M1/M2 macrophages. Genome-wide expression profiling as well as conventional gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis showed that SHH signaling-responsive microRNA 31 (miR-31) and miR-150 target MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR2 signaling, thus leading to suppression of TLR2 responses. SHH signaling signatures could be detected in vivo in tuberculosis patients and M. bovis BCG-challenged mice. Collectively, these investigations identify SHH signaling to be what we believe is one of the significant regulators of host-pathogen interactions.

Vesicular Nanostructure Formation by Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Penta-phenol-Substituted Fullerene in Water

A study on self-assembly of anisotropically substituted penta-aryl fullerenes in water has been reported. The penta-phenol-substituted amphiphilic fullerene derivative C60Ph5(OH)(5)],exhibited self-assembled vesicular nanostructures in water under the experimental conditions. The size of the vesicles Was observed to depend upon the kinetics of self-assembly and could be varied from similar to 300 to similar to 70 nm. Our mechanistic study indicated that the self-assembly of C60Ph5(OH)(5) is driven by extensive intermolecular as well as water-mediated hydrogen :bonding along with fullerene-fullerene hydrophobic interaction in water. The cumulative effect of these interactions is responsible for the stability of vesicular structures even on the removal of solvent. The substitution of phenol with anisole resulted in different packing and interaction of the fullerene derivative, as Indicated in the molecular dynamics studies, thus resulting in different self-assembled nanostructures. The hollow vesicles were further encapsulated with a hydrophobic conjugated polymer and water-soluble dye as guest molecules. Such confinement of pi-conjugated polymers in fullerene has significance in bulk heterojunction devices for efficient exciton diffusion.

Cría masiva y liberación de parasitoides de Plutella xylostella L, y su manejo a través de Bacillus thuringiensis en el cultivo de repollo (Brassica oleracea L.) en tres épocas de siembra

Esta investigación fue realizado en dos localidades, la cría masiva de tres parasitoides larvales (Diadegma insulare. Cotesio plutellae y Microplitis plutellae) de Plutella xylostella L. se realizó en la Universidad Nacional Agraria donde se evalúo la metodología de cría masiva de tres parasitoides y P. xylostella plaga de gran importancia en crucíferos, bajo condiciones de laboratorio y una etapa de campo fue realizado en el Departamento de Estelí. En el cultivo de repollo donde se evaluó el uso de Bacillus thuringiensis, para el manejo de P. xylostella. en combinación con liberaciones de parasitoides C. plutellae y M. plutellae, siendo estos introducidos desde Taiwan. Para la cría masiva de los parasitoides y P. xylostella. se sembró plantas de repollo en maceteras de arcilla dentro de un invernadero, las plantas fueron utilizados cuando tenían entre 10 y 12 hojas verdaderas, Luego se ubicaron adultos de P. xylostella en cámaras de oviposición, donde adultos ovipositan en láminas de aluminio impregnados de jugo de repollo, luego se colocaron aproximadamente entre 300-500 huevos en estas plantas, los que eclosionaron aproximadamente en dos o tres días después de inoculada la planta. Las larvas de P. xylostella fueron expuestos a los parasitoides cuando se encuentran en estado óptimo para ser parasitadas (instar 2 e instar 3). se introducen en una jaula con aproximadamente de 200 adultos parasitoides, en donde permanecieron 48 horas las larvas en estado óptimo, después se retiraron y puestos en otro jaulas hasta que se presenta el estado de pupa. El manejo de P. xylostella en épocas de primera. Postrera y riego. en el cultivo de repollo. fue realizado con el insecticida Microbiológico Dipel (a thuringiensis). el criterio de aplicación fue lo utilización de umbrales económicos en base a recuentos. En condiciones de laboratorio donde fue conducido lo cría masivo de los parasitoides. se alcanzaron porcentajes promedio de parasitismo de O. insulare. M. plutelloe y C plutelloe. de 62.55'X.. 927?fo y 88.()()% respectivamente. estos resultados muestran lo efectividad de la metodología utilizada para lo crío de los porositoides y su hospedero. la cría de estos parasitoides puede ser utilizado en un programa de Manejo Integrado de Plagas poro el control de P. xylostella. El ciclo de vida de P. xylostella en condiciones de laboratorio o temperatura promedio de 23.60 OC es de 19.75 días sin incluir lo duración de su vida adulto. El ciclo de vida promedio de los porosifoides. O. insulore. M. plutellae y C plutellae. fueron 31.35. 31.02 y 31.45. en días, o temperoh.xos promedio de 20-21. 21 -22 y 24-26 OC. Lo utiización de B. thuringiensis poro el control de P. xytostella. fue efectivo y no afecto lo actividad de los enemigos naturales y se registro 'X. parasitismo promedios por D. insulare de 38.24. 47.70% y 44.86con máximos de 64.70%. 64 y 72.33% para las épocas de Primera, Postrera y Riego respectivamente, no se registro el establecimiento de los parasitoides.

ROLE OF CHLORINE AND ALKALI PROMOTERS IN ETHYLENE EPOXIDATION OVER SINGLE CRYSTAL SILVER SURFACES.

Experiments with N//2O were carried out with a view to obtaining additional information about the reactivity of oxygen surface species. On clean Ag, N//2O decomposition was found to be an activated process which led exclusively to the deposition of O(a) species. The presence of preadsorbed oxygen or subsurface oxygen served to enhance the deposition rate of O(a). Subsequent dosing with ethylene at 300 K of such an oxygen-populated surface followed by TPR examination showed it to be active for ethylene oxide formation. Control experiments established that adventitious decomposition of N//2O at the reactor walls or specimen supports followed by possible re-absorption of O//2(a) was an entirely negligible process. ) The oxidation activity of N//2O was also investigated at elevated pressures in the batch reactor.

Prudentia Iuris, 1993, n° 31 (número completo)

Contenido: Notas de la redacción – El tratamiento de la constitucionalidad en el Perú : balance y perspectiva / Eloy Espinosa – El rol subsidiario de la acción de amparo / Néstor Pedro Sagüés – El certiorari before judgement o recurso per saltum en la Corte de los Estados Unidos / Alberto B. Bianchi – La trascendencia como causal de admisión del recurso extraordinario (art. 280 del CPCCN) / Sergio Dugo – El recurso extraordinario interpuesto in forma pauperis / Narciso J. Lugones – El habeas corpus contra limitaciones a la libertad impuesta por la justicia militar / Santiago Mario Sinopoli – El habeas corpus correctivo / Francisco J. D’Albora – El habeas corpus y las autoridades municipales / Néstor O. Losa – Algunas reflexiones sobre el Superior Tribunal de la Causa / Susana Lima – Las vías procesales potencialmente aptas para acceder a la decisión del Superior Tribunal Provincial / Roberto O. Berizonce – La acción de amparo y el contencioso administrativo en la provincia de Buenos Aires / Tomás Hutchinson – El derecho procesal constitucional, hoy : contenidos / Osvaldo Alfredo Gozaini – Derecho procesal transaccional / Eduardo Oteiza – Sección Ciencias Políticas: Los medios de comunicación de masas y la legitimidad de los gobernantes / Sebastián Mocorrea – Finalización del marxismo / F. Arias Pellerano – El libertador : ilustrado guerrero cristiano ¿republicano o monárquico? / Julio R. Lascano – Informe – Nota bibliográfica

Sapientia, 1954, Vol. IX, nº 31 (número completo)

Contenido: Por la libertad a la esclavitud y por el sometimiento a la libertad / La Dirección – Reflexiones sobre el principio de causalidad / Fernand Van Steenberghen – Ubicación metafísica del ser del hombre / Octavio N. Derisi -- Concepción del hombre en la línea de la esencia /Ángel González Álvarez – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Colación de grados en Teología : UCA – 31 de Octubre

Agradezco ante todo al Decano de la Facultad de Teología su invitación, la que me da la oportunidad de saludarlos en nombre del Santo Padre Francisco, que se alegra con ustedes porque hoy reciben sus diplomas y ruega con el fin de que en su vida y misión futura sean siempre discípulos misioneros de Cristo...

Letras, 1995, nº 31-32 (número completo)

Contenido: La política lingüística en el renacimiento español / Lidio Nieto Jiménez – Sujeto y objeto textuales en “En la masmédula” de Oliverio Girondo / María Amelia Arancet – Violencia, ethica y resemantización mítica en el canto XII del Infierno / Daniel Capano – Entre la voz y la memoria. Lírica de tipo tradicional, palabra y música / Teresa H. de Tresca – Espejo e interlocución en “Nubosidad variable” de Carmen Martín Gaite / Teresa Iris Giovacchini – La poesía arbórea de Enrique Banchs / Javier Roberto González – El ideario espacial de “El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha / Silvia Cristina Lastra Paz – El simbolismo del fenómeno de la reflexión acústica y luminosa en las “Églogas” de Virgilio (segunda parte) / Aquilino Suárez Pallasá – Asedios estructurales y semánticos a dos poetas argentinos / Thorpe Running – Una adaptación teatral infantil de una novela de Emilio Salgari / Nora Lía Sormani – Reseñas bibliográficas

Consideração sobre a base legal para criação do Comitê de Política Monetária (COPOM) e a Lei 4.595, de 31 de dezembro de 1964, que rege o Sistema Financeiro Nacional

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VII - Sistema Financeiro, Direito Comercial, Econômico, Defesa do Consumidor.

O Brasil no cenário internacional : uma peça em mais de mil atos (reflexos do debate parlamentar entre 4 de outubro de 1988 e 31 de dezembro de 2010)

Faz um mapeamento dos atos internacionais (tratados, convenções, convênios, acordos, protocolos, memorandos de entendimento etc.) assinados pela República Federativa do Brasil e encaminhados ao Congresso Nacional para apreciação legislativa, através de Mensagens do Presidente da República, entre a promulgação da Constituição de 1988 e julho de 2010, como um requisito essencial de inserção das normas de Direito Internacional Público no ordenamento jurídico positivo brasileiro. Questiona a possibilidade de inferência da participação parlamentar nesse processo a partir de um quadro de ação parlamentar assim elaborado. Tece, a partir das observações feitas, considerações a respeito do papel que o Congresso Nacional tem desempenhado nesse processo, através da Câmara dos Deputados.

[Discurso do Deputado Múcio Athayde : Sessão Conjunta do Congresso Nacional de 31 de maio de 1984]

Encaminha à Mesa do Congresso Nacional um requerimento no sentido de que o Poder Legislativo, com base na Lei n. 3751, de 13 de abril de 1960 e na Emenda Constitucional n. 3, de 8 de junho de 1861, determine a data de eleições para escolha de representantes do Distrito Federal na Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado Federal.