The structures of ethyl 1,2,2-tricyano-3,3-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate and ethyl 2',3,3'-tricyanocyclohexanespirocyclopropane-2'-carboxylate

The crystal and molecular structures of C ,,H,IN302 (I) and C14HIsN302 (II) have been determined by direct methods using three-dimensional X-ray diffractometer data. Crystals of (I) are orthorhombic, space group Pna21, with a = 14.662(6), b = 10.492(5), c = 7.375 (3)A, Z = 4, V = 1134.5 A 3, D O = 1.25 (by flotation), D e = 1.269 Mgm -a, g(MoKa) = 0.085 mm -1. Crystals of (II) are monoclinic, space group P21/a, with a = 7.886 (5), b = 22.011 (8), c = 8.100 (3) A, fl = 103.12 (5) °, Z = 4, V = 1369.2 A 3, D O = 1.23 (by flotation), D e = 1.255 Mg m -3, g(Mo Kct) = 0.080 mm -1. Least-squares full-matrix refinement based on 782 (I) and 1400 independent reflections (II) converged at R = 0.040 (I) and 0.042 (II). The effect of electron-withdrawing substituents on the geometry of the cyclopropane ring is discussed.

Unique presence of 2-methylthio-ribosylzeatin in the transfer ribonucleic acid of the bacterium Pseudomonas-aeruginosa

Analysis of 35S labled nucleosides prepared from tRNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phosphocellulose column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography revealed the presence of 2-methylthioribosylzeatin in it. 2iPA, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl purine; ms-2iPA, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; ribosyl-cis-zeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-cis-2-butenylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; ribosyl-trans-zeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-trans-2-butenylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; ms-ribosylzeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; s4U2, 4-thiouridine; s2U*, 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine; s2C, 2-thiocytidine; TLC — thin layer chromatography.

Editorial of "International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies Volume 3, Number 2, 2010"

In this of the International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, the articles reveal how competing economies of knowledge, capital and values are operationalised through colonising power within inter-subjective relations. Writing in the Australian context, Greg Blyton demonstrates how tobacco was used by colonists as a means of control and exchange in their relations with Indigenous people. He focuses on the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia, in the early to mid-nineteenth century to reveal how colonists exchanged tobacco for food, safe passage and Indigenous services. Blyton suggests that these colonial practices enabled tobacco addiction to spread throughout the region, passing from one generation of Indigenous people to another. He asks us to consider the link between the colonial generation of Indigenous tobacco consumption and addiction, and Indigenous mortality rates today whereby twenty percent of deaths are attributed to smoking.

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate 2,3-oxygenase from the chloroplast fraction of Tecoma stans

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate-2,3-oxygenase is mainly localized in the soluble and the chloroplast fractions of Tecoma leaves. It is associated with the lamellar structure of the chloroplast fraction. The chloroplast enzyme has properties similar to those of the soluble enzyme, but it has a longer half-life and is more stable to dialysis than the soluble enzyme. It is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and the inhibition is reversed by the addition of reduced glutathione. The chloroplast enzyme is insensitive to iron-chelating agents. The enzyme loses activity on dialysis against copper-chelating agents and the activity is completely recovered on the addition of copper; addition of iron does not restore the activity. Polyphenol oxidase is probably present only in the active form in the Tecoma chloroplast but it is not involved in the intradiol cleavage of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid.

Ethyl 3-oxo-2-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazono]butyrate

In the title compound, C12H15N3O5S, an intramolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bond between the hydrazine unit and one of the carbonyl groups may influence the molecular conformation. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, including one which is bifurcated, link the molecules into a two-dimensional network.

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel 2-(4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-ylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imid azole Derivatives

The present work deals with the anticancer effect of benzimidazole derivatives associated with the pyridine framework. By varying the functional group at N-terminal of the benzimidazole by different L-amino acids, several 2-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-ylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imid azole derivatives 9(a-j) were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by H-1 NMR, IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were examined for their antiproliferative effects against human leukemia cell lines, K562 and CEM. The preliminary results showed most of the derivatives had moderate antitumor activity. Compound 9j containing cysteine residue exhibited good inhibition compared to other amino acid resides. In addition DNA fragmentation results suggest that 9j is more cytotoxic and able to induce apoptosis.

A comparative molecular dynamics study of diffusion of n-decane and 3-methyl pentane in Y zeolite

Molecular dynamics simulations are reported on the structure and dynamics of n-decane and 3-methylpentane in zeolite NaY. We have calculated several properties such as the center of mass-center of mass rdf, the end-end distance distribution, bond angle distribution and dihedral angle distribution. We have also analysed trajectory to obtain diffusivity and velocity autocorrelation function (VACF). Surprisingly, the diffusivity of 3-methylpentane which is having larger cross-section perpendicular to the long molecular axis is higher than n-decane at 300 K. Activation energies have been obtained from simulations performed at 200 K, 300 K, 350 K, 400 K and 450 K in the NVE ensemble. These results can be understood in terms of the previously known levitation effect. Arrhenious plot has higher value of slope for n-decane (5 center dot 9 kJ/mol) than 3-methylpentane (3 center dot 7 kJ/mol) in agreement with the prediction of levitation effect.

Ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

In the molecular structure of the title compound, C21H25NO4, the dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation while the cyclohexenone ring is in an envelope conformation. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (10 (1) over bar) by N-H center dot center dot center dot O and O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds. The network is generated by R-4(4)(30) and R-4(4)(34) graph-set motifs.

Enantiospecific synthesis of ABC-ring system of A-nor and abeo 4(3 -> 2) tetra and pentacyclic triterpenes

Enantiospecific synthesis of ABC-ring systems of A-nor and abeo 4(3 -> 2) tetra and pentacyclic triterpenes has been accomplished starting from the readily available monoterpene (R)-carvone. (R)-Carvone was used as the B-ring of the target molecules. A lithium-liquid ammonia mediated cyclisation of delta,epsilon-unsaturated ester was employed for the cyclopentannulation at the C-5 and C-6 carbons of carvone and an RCM reaction was employed for the cyclohexannulation to generate the ABC-ring system of A-nor tetra and pentacyclic triterpenes. The strategy has been extended for the synthesis of the ABC-ring system of abeo 4(3 -> 2) tetra and pentacyclic triterpenes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The specificity of the colour reaction between ammonia and 3-phenyl-2-thiohydantoin

The colour reaction between 3-phenyl-2-thiohydantoin and ammonia is studied quantitatively. Determinations of 0.1–0.6 μmoles of 3-phenyl-2-thiohydantoin are possible with a precision close to 2%. In analyses of amino acid mixtures for glycine after conversion to 3-phenyl-2-thiohydantoin, only derivatives of serine and threonine interfere to a slight extent. The specificity of the primary colour reaction with ammonia, and the structural requirements for it are discussed; a structure for the pigment species is proposed.

Transition metal complexes of 3-aryl-2-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives: New class of analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents

Five-coordinate, neutral transition metal complexes of newly designed pyridine-2-ethyl-(3-carboxyhdeneamino)-3-(2-phenyl)-1,2-dihydroquinazoli n-4(3H)-one (L) were synthesized and characterized The structure of ligand is confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies The compounds were evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model while their analgesic activity was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice wherein the transition metal complexes were found to be more active than the free ligand (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved.

Synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dicarboxycyclohexane-2-acetic acid. An isomer of the degradation product of abietic acid

A synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dicarboxycyclohexane-2-acetic acid has been described, and proved to be an isomer of the C12-acid-an oxidative degradation product of abietic acid.

Rb2Cd3(SO4)(3)(OH)(2)center dot H2O: structural stability at 500 K

The title compound, dirubidium tricadmium tris(sulfate) dihydroxide dihydrate, consists of sheets of CdO6 octahedra and sulfate tetrahedra propagating in the (100) plane, with Rb+ ions in the interlayer positions. It is isostructural with K2Co3(SO4)(3)(OH)(2)(.)2H(2)O.

Crystallographic identification of a ‘stepped-cubane’ structure for the Cu4O4 core in [Cu4L2(bipy)4(µ3-OH)2][ClO4]4(HL = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-,4-dimethanol, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine)

The structure of [Cu4L2(bipy)4(µ3-OH)2][ClO4]4 containing a Vitamin B6 ligand, pyridoxine (5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dimethanol, HL), and 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. This is the first report on a copper(II) complex having a ‘stepped-cubane’ structure. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P[1 with combining macron](Z= 1) with a= 11.015(3), b= 11.902(1), c= 13.142(2)Å, α= 105.07(1), β= 102.22(1) and γ= 99.12(1)°; R= 0.054). The co-ordination geometry around each copper is trigonally distorted square pyramidal. Two of the basal sites are occupied by bipyridyl nitrogens in a bidentate fashion. The remaining basal positions for Cu(1) are filled by a phenolic oxygen and a 4-hydroxymethyl oxygen of the L moiety, whereas for Cu(2) they are occupied by two µ3-OH oxygens. The axial sites are occupied by a µ3-OH oxygen and the 4-hydroxymethyl oxygen of the same pyridoxine for Cu(1) and Cu(2), respectively. Both the bridging nature of the 4-hydroxymethyl oxygen of the L moiety and the unsymmetrical bridging nature of the µ3-OH groups with axial–equatorial bridging are novel features. The structure is discussed in relation to stepped-cubane structures reported in the literature. A comparative study is also made with µ3-hydroxo-bridged copper(II) complexes. Both the plasticity effect of CuII and the stacking interactions between the various rings appear to be important in stabilizing this unusual structure.