莱州湾区域表层沉积物中多氯化萘、多溴联苯醚和氯化石蜡的研究

本研究建立了沉积物中氯化石蜡（CPs）的分析方法，对莱州湾和该区域主要河流的表层沉积物中多氯萘（PCNs），多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和CPs进行了分析，获得了他们在研究区域的含量水平、空间分布和单体分布模式，并初步探讨了它们在环境中的来源和迁移规律，估算了这三类污染物在莱州湾表层沉积物中的储量，初步评估了莱州湾沿岸的工业排放与人类活动对海洋生态环境的影响。 莱州湾海洋和河流沉积物PCNs的含量分别为65-470 pg/g dw，52-5100 pg/g dw，平均值分别为260 pg/g dw，1100 pg/g dw。莱州湾沉积物中PCNs的含量较低，与发达国家的背景值相当，主要河流沉积物与其他地区的近海、海湾、湖泊沉积物的含量相当。该区域的PCNs主要以5-Cl和6-Cl为主，为工业来源，主要受化工行业的影响。石化工厂热过程产生的低氯组分可能也是该区域PCNs的一个重要来源。莱州湾的PCNs主要来自水体颗粒的输入，而大气沉降来源的贡献不明显。 河流沉积物ΣPBDEs（不包括BDE-209）的含量分别为0.01- 53 ng/g dw，BDE-209的含量为0.74- 280 ng/g dw，平均值分别为4.4 ng/g dw，51 ng/g dw。在组成上，BDE-209占绝对优势，比低溴代BDEs高1-2个数量级，这是由于我国市场上十溴联苯醚是最主要的溴代阻燃剂。ΣPBDEs与亚洲一些地区含量相当，比北美和欧洲一些地区要低；BDE-209含量含量高出北美和欧洲一些地区，处于较高的水平。河流沉积物中BDE-47与-99，BDE-183与-153、-154具有很好的相关性，而且这几种单体质量分数相当，说明莱州湾区域存在五溴和八溴两种工业BDE阻燃剂来源。海洋沉积物中ΣPBDEs的含量为nd- 0.66 ng/g dw，平均值为0.32 ng/g dw，处于较低水平，BDE-209的含量为0.66- 12 ng/g dw，平均值为5.1 ng/g dw，与欧美一些地区相当，主要来自水体颗粒的输入。 本研究用电子捕获低分辨质谱（ECNI-LRMS）建立了沉积物中CPs的分析方法。该方法基于ECNI质谱对SCCP的响应与其氯含量在一定范围内呈线性关系的特性，建立SCCP的总响应因子与氯含量的工作曲线，从而建立定量方法。重点改进了传统方法中由于SCCP标准品和样品中氯含量不同所造成的响应因子的差别，不再要求标准品的含氯量与样品一致，从而提高了SCCP的分析效率与方法准确性。实验发现，当SCCP的实际氯含量在51%-63%之间时，二者线性关系良好（r2>0.96）。用不同氯含量的标准参考品测试，误差为8%-43%。仪器检测限和方法检测限分别为25-400 μg/L，20 ng/g。类似地，建立了中链氯化石蜡（MCCP）的分析方法，工作曲线的实际氯含量范围为44-57%，仪器检测限40-600 μg/L，方法检测限为6 ng/g。通过对比样品与标准品的峰形特征，严格控制保留时间来辨别SCCP与MCCP，实验证明由于二者叠加导致的误差：SCCP为8%，MCCP为14%，总体来说，用该方法得到的CPs数据是可靠的。本文所使用的净化方法能实现CPs与大部分有机氯化合物的分离。 用该方法对莱州湾的沉积物的CPs进行定量，除了两个河流样品MCCP的计算含氯量低于工作曲线以外，其他样品的SCCP和MCCP的计算氯含量都在工作曲线的范围之内。河流沉积物中SCCP和MCCP的含量分别为1-1200 ng/g dw，1-3300 ng/g dw，MCCP/SCCP均值为1.2；含量分布变化较大，一些河段受到工业排放的影响，CPs浓度高出均值1-2个数量级，MCCP/SCCP值也显著高出平均值。莱州湾区域大部分河流的CPs含量与欧洲、北美和日本一些地区相当，而一些受到点源污染的河段则处于较高的水平。河流中SCCP的质量分布在不同的站位不一样，在受到点源影响的样品中，C13的质量分数明显增大，占优势地位，可能是由MCCP携带的SCCP组分所致。MCCP的质量分布在河流和海洋中没有区别，都是C14占绝对优势。从氯取代的组分来讲，所有样品都是以6-8氯取代为主。海洋沉积物中SCCP和MCCP的含量分别为3-18 ng/g dw，1-13 ng/g dw， MCCP/SCCP均值为0.68，显著低于河流沉积物；SCCP的质量分布较为一致，都是以C10和C11为主。研究发现莱州湾区域SCCP与MCCP来源相似，但迁移规律有的不同。海洋环境中的MCCP可能主要来自水体颗粒的输入，而溶解态输入也是海洋环境中SCCP的重要来源。 对这三类污染物在莱州湾表层沉积物中的储量估算得到PCNs、ΣPBDEs、BDE-209、SCCP和MCCP在莱州湾表层0-10 cm沉积物中的储量分别为0.20t，0.25t，3.95t，6.52t，4.30t。拥有10%的渤海海域面积的莱州湾ΣPBDEs和BDE-209的储量分别占渤海海区总量的18-23%，18-32%，远远超过渤海的平均值。

BOBLME Fisheries Statistics Working Group Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand 28-29 April, 2010

Recent and current initiatives in Southeast Asia for data harmonization, country reports, statistcs, data collection, stock assessment initiatives, recommendations and workplan

BOBLME ICM Best Practices and Lessons Learned South Asia Workshop, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 28-29 July, 2010

Country overviews of Community Based Integrated Coastal Management (CB-ICM) for Bangladesh, The Maldives, Sri Lanka, India and Southeast Asia. Recommendations for the way forward

Report of the Indian Mackerel Working Group Meeting, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 28-29 May, 2012

Stock structure approaches and consequences of management in the eight member countries. Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) genetic stock studies and workplan

Report of the Training Workshop on MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 27 and 29 April, 2015

Objectives of the workshop included; introduction to various Marine Protected Area (MPA) tools with a focus on Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MEAT); report on selected MPAs in Bangladesh; undertake initial assessments using MEAT; and develop workplans for other MPAs

Report of the MPA exposure visit to Malaysia, 29 March-02 April, 2015

The main objective of the visit was to share the success of Marine Protected Area (MPA) management in Malaysia with Bangladeshi counterparts, representatives of donor organizations, NGOs and researchers.

中国典型地带29种土壤纤毛虫记述(纤毛门:动基片纲)

记述了在中国６个典型地带土壤中鉴定到的隶属于动基片纲的２９种纤毛虫，其中５种为中国土壤原生动物新记录种．这些种类是：陆生拟裸口虫，恼斜板虫，吻瓶口虫，双核管形虫，琴刀口虫，长刀口虫，长尾刀口虫，斜叶苔叶虫，神螺流苏虫，土壤肾形虫，三分肾形虫，背沟肾形虫，无规肾形虫，直立肾形虫，粗糙拟肾形虫，莫氏拟肾形虫，贪食阔庭虫，大撕拉虫，吻吴氏虫，澳洲吴氏虫，大口匙口虫，尖锐密粒虫，卡氏颠毛虫，小拟匙口虫，尖锐篮环虫，丛林拟篮环虫，有肋薄咽虫，弧形微秀体虫和凤冠齿扇虫．

Light histories influence the impacts of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis and growth in a marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum

Phytoplanktonic species acclimated to high light are known to show less photoinhibition. However, little has been documented on how cells grown under indoor conditions for decades without exposure to UV radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) would respond differently to solar UVR compared to those in situ grown under natural solar radiation. Here, we have shown the comparative photosynthetic and growth responses to solar UVR in an indoor-(IS) and a naturally grown (WS) Skeletonema costatum type. In short-term experiment (<1 day), phi(PSII) and photosynthetic carbon fixation rate were more inhibited by UVR in the IS than in the WS cells. The rate of UVR-induced damages of PSII was faster and their repair was significantly slower in IS than in WS. Even under changing solar radiation simulated for vertical mixing, solar UVR-induced higher inhibition of photosynthetic rate in IS than in WS cells. During long-term (10 days) exposures to solar radiation, the specific growth rate was much lower in IS than WS at the beginning, then increased 3 days later to reach an equivalent level as that of WS. UVR-induced inhibition of photosynthetic carbon fixation in the IS was identical with that of WS at the end of the long-term exposure. The photosynthetic acclimation was not accompanied with increased contents of UV-absorbing compounds, indicating that repair processes for UVR-induced damages must have been accelerated or upgraded. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crustacean zooplankton distribution patterns and their biomass as related to trophic indicators of 29 shallow subtropical lakes

A comparative limnological study was carried out to present a snapshot of crustacean zooplankton communities and their relations to environmental factors to test whether there is a consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators among lake groups with similar trophic conditions. The study lakes showed a wide range of trophic status, with total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 0.008 to 1.448mgL(-1), and chlorophyll a from 0.7 to 146.1 mu g L-1, respectively. About 38 species of Crustacea were found, of which Cladocera were represented by 25 taxa (20 genera), and Copepoda by 13 taxa (I I genera). The most common and dominant species were Bosmina coregoni, Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis, Mesocyclops notius and Sinocalanus dorrii. Daphnia was rare in abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that except for four species (D. hyalina, S. dorrii, C. vicinus and M. micrura), almost all the dominant species had the same preference for environmental factors. Temperature, predatory cyclopoids and planktivorous fishes seem to be the key factors determining species distribution. TP was a relatively better trophic indicator than chlorophyll a to predict crustacean biomass. Within the three groups of lakes, however, there was no consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators. The possible reason might be that top-down and bottom-up control on crustaceans vary with lake trophic state. The lack of significant negative correlation between crustacean biomass and chlorophyll a suggests that there was little control of phytoplankton biomass by macrozooplankton in these shallow subtropical lakes. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Effects of solar UV radiation on germination of conchospores and morphogenesis of sporelings in Porphyra haitanensis (Rhodophyta)

The effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR 280-400 nm) on the germination of Porphyra haitanensis conchospores and on the growth and morphogenesis of the subsequent sporelings were investigated by culturing the released conchospores under natural sunlight from 29 September to 6 October 2005. Germination increased with time and was faster when UV-B was excluded using cut-off filters. There were significant negative effects of UV-B radiation on growth and cell division of sporelings, with decreases up to 18% for thallus length, between 6 and 18% for thallus width, up to 29% for thallus area, and between 6 and 14% for cell size as compared to PAR-controls. UV-A had a significant positive effect on morphogenesis, enhancing the formation of sporelings with cells dividing transversely; on the other hand, UV-B delayed the formation of such sporelings. We also tested the effects of solar UVR on the growth of P. haitanensis juveniles and found no significant effects. Our results indicate that UV-A has an important role in the germination and morphogenesis of the species, but on the other hand, sporelings of P. haitanensis are more sensitive to UV-B radiation than juveniles.

Metamorphic growth of 1.25-1.29 mu m InGaAs quantum well lasers on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy

We demonstrate 1.25-1.29 mu m metamorphic laser diodes grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using an alloy-graded buffer layer (GBL). Use of Be in the GBL is effective to reduce surface/interface roughness and improves optical quality. The RMS surface roughness of the optimized metamorphic laser is only two atomic monolayers for 1 x 1 mu m(2). Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirm that most dislocations are blocked in the GBL. Ridge waveguide lasers with 4 mu m wide ridge were fabricated and characterized. The average threshold current under the pulsed excitation is in 170-200 mA for a cavity length of 0.9-1.5 mm. This value can be further reduced to about 100 mA by high-reflectivity coating. Lasers can work in an ambient temperature up to at least 50 degrees C. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.