Cytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction from biodiesel and its diesel blends to human cell lines

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and cognition in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia

Purpose: To analyse the effects of two interventions on the cognition and balance of institutionalized elderly people with mixed dementia.Methods: Fifty-four participants were allocated into three groups. Group 1 was assisted by an interdisciplinary programme comprising physiotherapy, occupational therapy and physical education. A physiotherapist alone carried out the intervention in group 2. Group 3 was considered as control. Assessors were blinded to guarantee the absence of bias. Cognitive functions were analysed with the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. Balance was assessed with the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Get-Up-and-Go Test. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test possible main effects of the interventions.Results: The results showed benefits on the balance of subjects in both groups 1 (F=3.9, P < 0.05) and 2 (F= 3.1, P < 0.05), compared with group 3. MANOVA did not indicate benefits on the cognitive functions between groups 1 and 3 (F= 1.1, P > 0.05) and groups 2 and 3 (F= 1.6, P > 0.05). However, univariate analysis indicated some benefits of the interdisciplinary intervention on two specific domains measured by the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (F=26.5, P < 0.05; F= 4.4, P < 0.05).Conclusion: Six months of multidisciplinary or physiotherapeutic intervention were able to improve a person's balance. Although global cognition did not improve through treatment, when the intervention was carried out on a multidisciplinary basis we observed an attenuation in the decline of global cognition on two specific cognitive domains. Exercises applied in different contexts may have positive outcomes for people with dementia.

Validação de metodologia analítica por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para quantificação de bupivacaína (S75-R25) em nanoesferas de poli(lactídeo-co-glicolídeo)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Las relaciones intrafamiliares en América Latina

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Caracterización de los síndromes de sostenibilidad del desarrollo. El caso de Argentina. Taller "Síndromes de sostenibilidad del desarrollo en América Latina", Santiago de Chile 16 y 17 de septiembre de 2002

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Isolamento e quantificação de flavonóides e abordagem das atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana de Jatropha gossypiifolia L.

Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), conhecida no Pará como pião-roxo, é utilizada no tratamento de hemorróidas, queimaduras, dores estomacais, entre outras doenças. Diante da importância do vegetal na região torna-se necessária a sua investigação visando contribuir para o seu aproveitamento no desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos. Para tanto, buscou-se determinar o perfil cromatográfico do extrato etanólico bruto (EEB), por cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD) e por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), o teor de flavonóides totais e dos flavonóides isolados no extrato. Foram realizados também ensaios de atividade antimicrobiana com o EEB e as frações obtidas a partir dele (frações hexânica, clorofórmica, acetato de etila e residual). A atividade antioxidante do extrato e suas frações também foi caracterizada. O material vegetal foi coletado no horto de plantas medicinais da EMBRAPA – Amazônia oriental e com ele preparou-se, por percolação, o EEB; utilizando um evaporador rotativo a baixa pressão, obteve-se o extrato seco que, posteriormente, foi fracionado por partição líquido-líquido sucessivamente com hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila. As frações obtidas foram também concentradas a baixa pressão. A fração acetato de etila foi novamente fracionada fornecendo uma fração acetona (FAct-II), uma nova acetato de etila (FA-II), metanólica (FM-II) e resíduo sólido (RS-II). FAct-II foi submetida a cromatografia líquida a média pressão obtendo-se as subfrações Fr SAc1-II e Fr SAc3-II denominadas de Jg1 e Jg2, respectivamente. A prospecção química no extrato e nas frações dos metabólitos foi realizada em triplicata, sendo evidenciada a presença dos seguintes polifenóis: taninos catéquicos e flavonóides. A análise por CCD foi realizada utilizando-se o eluente acetato de etila/ácido fórmico/ácido acético glacial/água (100:11:11:26), sobre gel de sílica de fase normal, sendo observadas zonas com fator de retenção 0,65, 0,72 e 0,77, reativas à solução de FeCl3. O cromatograma por CLAE do EEB apresentou três picos significativos (valores médios de tr: 13,24 min, 15,02 min e 16,00 min) cujos espectros são característicos de flavonóides. No calculo do teor de flavonóides, aplicando-se a média das leituras de absorvância (A: 0,874), chegou-se ao teor de 2,04%. A concentração encontrada para cada substância isolada foi de 340 μg para Jg1 e 406 μg para Jg2 por mililitro da solução de extrato. Quanto às atividades biológicas testadas, FA-I e FR-I inibiram o crescimento de S. aureus e C. albicans como também apresentaram maior potencial antioxidante. Os resultados fornecem parâmetros acerca de polifenóis adequados para o controle de qualidade como marcadores químicos, e teor de destes possíveis marcadores.

Characteristics of physical activity programs in the Brazilian primary health care system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ivabradine: Just another New Pharmacological Option for Heart Rate Control?

Ivabradine (IVB) is a heart rate lowering agent that acts via selective inhibition of the pacemaker funny current in sinoatrial nodal P cells, thus, reducing heart rate at rest and during exercise with minimal effect on myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and intracardiac conduction. IVB exerts no effect on external respiratory function parameters and it may also play a role in patients with concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This property constitutes an important advantage over β-blockers. IVB acts by reducing the heart rate in a mechanism different from β-blockers, calcium channel blockers or late sodium channel blockers, three commonly prescribed antianginal drugs. As clinical trials have shown, it is remarkably well-tolerated and offers an alternative for patients who cannot take β-blockers. The combination of IVB and atenolol at commonly used doses in patients with chronic stable angina produced additional efficacy with no untoward effect on safety or tolerability. Additionally, side effects are rare and largely limited to a luminous phenomenon or phosphenes. This sensation is thought to be due to a block of Ih in the retina, a current very similar to cardiac If channels. IVB is contraindicated in patients with sick sinus syndrome or sinus node dysfunction and in patients taking hepatic inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4 (abbreviated CYP3A4), with exception of omeprazole or lansoprazole. This review briefly summarizes the main studies regarding this drug.

The effects of elastic tubing-based resistance training compared with conventional resistance training in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial

Objective: To investigate the effects of elastic tubing training compared with conventional resistance training on the improvement of functional exercise capacity, muscle strength, fat-free mass, and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Design: A prospective, randomized, eight-week clinical trial.Setting: The study was conducted in a university-based, outpatient, physical therapy clinic.Subjects: A total of 49 patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to perform elastic tubing training or conventional resistance training three times per week for eight weeks.Main measures: The primary outcome measure was functional exercise capacity. The secondary outcome measures were peripheral muscle strength, health-related quality of life assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ), fat-free mass, and cytokine profile.Results: After eight weeks, the mean distance covered during six minutes increased by 73 meters (69) in the elastic tubing group and by 42 meters (+/- 59) in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and quality of life improved in both groups (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups. There was a trend toward an improved fat-free mass in both groups (P = 0.05). After the first and last sessions, there was an increase in interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in both groups, while tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) was stimulated only in the conventional training group.Conclusion: Elastic tubing training had a greater effect on functional exercise capacity than conventional resistance training. Both interventions were equally effective in improving muscle strength and quality of life.

The mean corpuscular volume and hydroxyurea in brazilian patients with sickle cell anemia: a surrogate marker of compliance

The suppression of erythropoiesis by Hydroxyurea (HU) therapy is associated with increase in mean corpuscular volume, in addition to the increase in Hb F. Monitoring the mean corpuscular volume values and the presence of macrocytosis are effective tools of adherence to the treatment with HU in patients with sickle cell anemia. The aim of this study is to monitor the mean corpuscular volume values after starting treatment with HU to determine if macrocytosis can be used as a surrogate marker of compliance with therapy. We conducted a prospective cohort study over one year with measurements of blood counts and mean corpuscular volume after starting therapy with HU in 95 patients with sickle cell anemia who were regularly followed in our ambulatory outpatient unit. In one-year of successful use of HU the mean value of the mean corpuscular volume increased significantly. The Andersen and Gill model demonstrated that the increase of one unit of MCV implies a 5% reduction in the risk of visiting the emergency room. Monitoring mean corpuscular volume values after prescribing HU alerts the provider of noncompliance in order to counsel the patient in question for better adherence to the use of HU that could improve the quality of care and to reduce morbidity and the frequency of acute pain crises and associated healthcare costs.

Reuse of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase through Immobilization on Magnetic Carriers

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)