Juan Ramón Jiménez en el cincuentenario de la concesión del Nobel (1958-2008) : 200 preguntas sobre su obra y su vida.

Se presenta un cuestionario de 200 preguntas sobre la producción literaria de Juan Ramón Jiménez, asícomo también de su vida. Esta recopilación de preguntas tipo test, cada una de ellas con cuatro opciones de respuesta, es una actividad destinada al estudio de la figura del autor y puede ser utilizado por los profesores de literatura.

Contrastando los factores de riesgo y protectores del comportamiento inadaptado en menores : implicaciones para la prevención.

Determinar los factores protectores que incrementan la resistencia del menor para manifestar conductas inadaptadas, que permitan extraer conclusiones que orienten las intervenciones, recabando información sobre las diversas variables dinámicas (déficits y disfunciones en el aprendizaje, cogniciones, socialización y adquisición de destrezas), y estáticas (patología) . 380 menores entre 10 y 16 años: 180 de primaria, 88 en colegios de alto riesgo y 92 en colegios de bajo riesgo; 200 de secundaria, 90 en colegios de alto riesgo. Respecto al contexto social, el 33,8 por ciento presentaba indicios de inadaptación familiar. Las evaluaciones mediante baterías de cuestionarios, en pases colectivos, se llevaron a cabo por técnicos del grupo de investigación a lo largo de 4 días con dos sesiones cada uno de 40 minutos en cada centro educativo.. Cuestionario de autoconcepto AFA-4 (Musitu, García y Gutiérrez, 1997), 'Trait Meta-Mood-Scale' (TMMS) (Savoley y otros, 2002), Cuestionario de Habilidades Sociales (Goldstein y otros, 1989), Escala de Locus de Control de Rotter (1966), Batería de Socialización (BAS-3) (Silva y Martorell, 1989), Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptación Infantil (TAMAI) (Hernández, 2002), Escala de Afrontamiento para adolescentes (ACS) (Frydenberg y Lewis, 2000), lista de Comprobación de Síntomas (SCL-90-R) (Derogatis, 1977; 2002), Medida del comportamiento inadaptado, Medida de los grupos de riesgo social y riesgo familiar. Aspectos analizados: El factor riesgo social media la socialización al igual que el factor riesgo familiar, pero sus efectos son independientes. Los menores de alto riesgo tienen un perfil negativo de socialización derivado de un peso mayor en las escalas inhibidoras de la socialización, retraimiento y de uno menor en las facilitadoras, autocontrol y consideración por los demás. Los menores socializados en un ambiente familiarmente inadaptado apuntan una dirección de socialización negativa al pesar más en las escalas inhibidoras de la socialización, retraimiento y ansiedad-timidez, y menos en las facilitadoras, consideración hacia los demás y autocontrol. En relación a la adaptación: los menores del grupo de riesgo alto presentan una inadaptación personal y social caracterizadas por la infravaloración ,el miedo,la culpabilidad, y el descontrol y la restricción social; la inadaptación familiar conlleva problemas de autodesajuste y desajuste disociativo, baja implicación escolar y mayor emisión de conductas disruptivas en el aula. Sobre la patología: el factor riesgo social explica el perfil patológico de los menores de alto riesgo, caracterizado por la inferioridad, inseguridad, falta de motivación, hostilidad, egocentrismo, aprensividad, agresividad, irritabilidad, y comportamiento de evitación; los menores de riesgo familiar presentan una personalidad obsesivo-compulsiva, con sentimientos de inferioridad y faltos de motivación para la integración. El factor riesgo social tiene unos efectos significativos en la inteligencia emocional, pero no así el factor riesgo familiar ni la interacción de ambos, presentado los menores de alto riesgo una menor habilidad para la evaluación y expresión de las emociones en sí mismos y en los demás, y para el control de las emociones en sí mismos. En cuanto al autoconcepto , los menores de alto riesgo social participan de una identidad social más baja que los de bajo riesgo social; los menores de familias inadaptadas se evalúan con más labilidad emocional, menos competencia social, menos adecuación familiar y menos potencial académico. Los menores de alto riesgo social tienden más al uso de estrategias de 'huida intrapunitiva', mientras que los de bajo riesgo social se orientan más al uso de estrategias de 'acción positiva'. Las habilidades sociales que el grupo de alto riesgo dispone en mayor grado son las de escuchar, expresar sentimientos, autorecompensarse, resistir a las presiones del grupo y tomar la iniciativa; los de bajo riesgo poseen más destrezas para formular preguntas, para dar las gracias, mayor capacidad para participar, pedir permiso y compartir algo. Los menores inmersos en ambientes de riesgo social y familias inadaptadas presentan rasgos de una socialización disfuncional que debería reeducarse para disminuir la vulnerabilidad de los menores ante la inadaptación y desarrollar todas sus potencialidades. Se pone al descubierto una clara relación entre inadaptación en las distintas áreas que componen el campo de actuación del individuo: personal, social, escolar y familiar. En el campo psicológico-individual se ponen de relieve carencias en el autoconcepto, los procesos atributivos, las estrategias de afrontamiento disponibles y las habilidades sociales. Es preciso generar en los menores los procesos que remedien estas carencias; estos procesos son complejos requieren de un entrenamiento de las habilidades cognitivas básicas, en la actuación conforme a las demandas cognitivas y en la empatía tanto cognitiva como afectiva. Respecto a la inteligencia emocional se ha comprobado que los menores de riesgo presentan una mayor tendencia al desajuste emocional , sin discriminar, identificar, regular o usar correctamente sus emociones. Los menores de riesgo social y familiar emiten conductas inadaptadas tanto antisociales como delictivas. La intervención educativa ha de adoptar una aproximación multimodal, que incluya diferentes modos de actuación y multinivel que integre tanto al menor como a los diferentes ámbitos en los que éste interactúa.

IES Har??a, un proyecto : Desaf??o 200

Bibliograf??a al final del art??culo

Reply to "Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. "Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami": Sed. Geol. 200 (2007) 155-165" by Paul J. Hearty and Storrs L. Olson

Our recent paper [McMurtry, G.M., Tappin, D.R., Sedwick, P.N., Wilkinson, I., Fietzkc, J. and Sellwood, B., 2007a. Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami. Sedimentary Geol. 200, 155-165.] critically re-examined elevated marine deposits in Bermuda, and concluded that their geological setting, sedimentary relations, micropetrography and microfaunal assemblages were inconsistent with sustained intertidal deposition. Instead, we hypothesized that these deposits were the result of a large tsunami that impacted the Bermuda island platform during the mid-Pleistocene. Hearty and Olson [Hearty, P.J., and Olson, S.L., in press. Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. "Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami": Sedimentary Geology, 200, 155-165, 2007 (Aug. 07). Sedimentary Geol. 200, 155-165.] in their response, attempt to refute our conclusions and claim the deposits to be the result of a +21 m eustatic sea level highstand during marine isotope stage (MIS) 11. In our reply we answer the issues raised by Hearty and Olson [Hearty, P.J., and Olson, S.L., in press. Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. "Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami": Sedimentary Geology, 200, 155-165, 2007 (Aug. 07). Sedimentary Geol. 200,155-165.] and conclude that the Bermuda deposits do not provide unequivocal evidence of a prolonged +21 m eustatic sea level highstand. Rather, the sediments are more likely the result of a past megatsunami in the North Atlantic basin. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exposing the myth of the 1:5:200 ratio relating initial cost, maintenance and staffing costs of office buildings

In an attempt to focus clients' minds on the importance of considering the construction and maintenance costs of a commercial office building (both as a factor in staff productivity and as a fraction of lifetime staff costs) there is an often-quoted ratio of costs of 1:5:200, where for every one pound spent on construction cost, five are spent on maintenance and building operating costs and 200 on staffing and business operating costs. This seems to stem from a paper published by the Royal Academy of Engineering, in which no data is given and no derivation or defence of the ratio appears. The accompanying belief that higher quality design and construction increases staff productivity, and simultaneously reduces maintenance costs, how ever laudable, appears unsupported by research, and carries all the hallmarks of an "urban myth". In tracking down data about real buildings, a more realistic ratio appears to depend on a huge variety of variables, as well as the definition of the number of "lifetime" years. The ill-defined origins of the original ratio (1:5:200) describing these variables have made replication impossible. However, by using published sources of data, we have found that for three office buildings, a more realistic ratio is 1:0.4:12. As there is nothing in the public domain about what comprised the original research that gave rise to 1:5:200, it is not possible to make a true comparison between these new calculations and the originals. Clients and construction professionals stand to be misled because the popularity and widespread use of the wrong ratio appears to be mis-informing important investment and policy decisions.

Preliminary results on the non-thermal effects of 200-350 GHz radiation on the growth rate of S. cerevisiae cells in microcolonies

We report preliminary results from studies of biological effects induced by non-thermal levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells grown on dry media were exposed to electromagnetic fields in the 200–350 GHz frequency range at low power density to observe possible non-thermal effects on the microcolony growth. Exposure to the electromagnetic field was conducted over 2.5 h. The data from exposure and control experiments were grouped into either large-, medium- or small-sized microcolonies to assist in the accurate assessment of growth. The three groups showed significant differences in growth between exposed and control microcolonies. A statistically significant enhanced growth rate was observed at 341 GHz. Growth rate was assessed every 30 min via time-lapse photography. Possible interaction mechanisms are discussed, taking into account Frohlich's hypothesis.

Patterns of hominin occupation and cultural diversity across the Gebel Akhdar of Northern Libya over the last ~200 kyr

Excavations at Haua Fteah cave in Cyrenaica, Libya, have revealed a cultural sequence that may span the last glacial–interglacial-glacial cycle. The TRANS-NAP project has been re-excavating Haua Fteah and conducting geoarchaeological survey of an ecologically diverse landscape that includes the fertile Gebel Akhdar and littoral, pre-desert, and desert biomes. A major aim of this project is to characterize cultural and environmental changes across the region and correlate the surface archaeology with that from Haua Fteah. To date, 181 sites have been recorded, ranging from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Late Stone Age (LSA). Their geographic distribution suggests temporal variation in patterns of hominin habitat preference, with significantly more LSA than MSA sites at higher elevations. The surface archaeology also points to substantial spatiotemporal technological variation within the MSA. These patterns may be explained by both paleoenvironmental change and paleodemographic shifts in the region, resulting in a variety of hominin adaptive responses.

Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants

Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18·5 kg/m2 [underweight], 18·5 kg/m2 to <20 kg/m2, 20 kg/m2 to <25 kg/m2, 25 kg/m2 to <30 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2 to <35 kg/m2, 35 kg/m2 to <40 kg/m2, ≥40 kg/m2 [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19·2 million adult participants (9·9 million men and 9·3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21·7 kg/m2 (95% credible interval 21·3–22·1) in 1975 to 24·2 kg/m2 (24·0–24·4) in 2014 in men, and from 22·1 kg/m2 (21·7–22·5) in 1975 to 24·4 kg/m2 (24·2–24·6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21·4 kg/m2 in central Africa and south Asia to 29·2 kg/m2 (28·6–29·8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21·8 kg/m2 (21·4–22·3) in south Asia to 32·2 kg/m2 (31·5–32·8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13·8% (10·5–17·4) to 8·8% (7·4–10·3) in men and from 14·6% (11·6–17·9) to 9·7% (8·3–11·1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23·4% (17·8–29·2) in men and 24·0% (18·9–29·3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3·2% (2·4–4·1) in 1975 to 10·8% (9·7–12·0) in 2014 in men, and from 6·4% (5·1–7·8) to 14·9% (13·6–16·1) in women. 2·3% (2·0–2·7) of the world's men and 5·0% (4·4–5·6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0·64% (0·46–0·86) in men and 1·6% (1·3–1·9) in women. Interpretation If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world's poorest regions, especially in south Asia.

Photoproduction of J/psi and of high mass e(+)e(-) in ultra-peripheral Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

We present the first measurement of photoproduction of J/psi and of two-photon production of high-mass e(+)e(-) pairs in electromagnetic (or ultra-peripheral) nucleus-nucleus interactions, using Au + Au data at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The events are tagged with forward neutrons emitted following Coulomb excitation of one or both Au* nuclei. The event sample consists of 28 events with m(e+e-) > 2 GeV/c(2) with zero like-sign background. The measured cross sections at midrapidity of d sigma/dy (J/psi + Xn, y = 0) = 76 +/- 33 (stat) +/- 11 (syst) pb and d(2)sigma /dm dy (e(+) e(-) + Xn, y = 0) = 86 +/- 23(stat) +/- 16(syst) mu b/ (GeV/c(2)) for m(e+e-) epsilon vertical bar 2.0, 2.8 vertical bar GeV/c(2) have been compared and found to be consistent with models for photoproduction of J/psi and QED based calculations of two-photon production of e(+)e(-) pairs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.