Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 370 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Ludwig Neundörfer und Oskar Negt (p. V 128, 1-177)

2 Briefe zwischen der Buchhandlung Peter Naacher und Max Horkheimer, 1966-1968; 1 Brief von E. Nabulon an Max Horkheimer, 1971; 13 Briefe und Beilage zwischen dem Dozenten Georg Nádor und Max Horkheimer, 1964-1967; 4 Briefe zwischen Cornelia Nass und Max Horkheimer sowie der Beilage: Vortrag von Val. Giscard d'Estaing über "die neue Gesellschaft" Brüssel 1970, 1970-1972; 6 Briefe zwischen Else Nassauer und Max Horkheimer, 1967-1973; 3 Briefe zwischen S.Andhil Fineberg und Max Horkheimer, 1967-1969; 1 Brief von Dr. med. Horst Naujoks an Max Horkheimer, 1963; 3 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an die Zeitschrift Nebelspalter, 1964-1969; 7 Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und Carl Nedelmann, 1964; 2 Briefe und Beilage zwischen Dr. Renate Neef-Cramer und Max Horkheimer, 1972; 3 Briefe zwischen Walter Neef und Max Horkheimer, 1965; 1 Brief an Dr. Oskar Negt von Max Horkheimer, 1964; 9 Briefe zwischen Dr. Günther Nenning und Max Horkheimer, 1962-1972; 4 Briefe zwischen der Neuen Deutschen Biographie und Max Horkheimer, 1969-1970; 4 Briefe und Beilage zwischen der Wochenschrift Neue Politik und Max Horkheimer, 1971; 6 Briefe zwischen Joachim Günther und Max Horkheimer, 1969-1970; 10 Briefe zwischen der Neuen Rundschau Rudolf Hartung und Max Horkheimer, 1964-1968; 1 Brief an Heinz Friedrich von Max Horkheimer, 1969; 9 Briefe zwischen Dr. Günther Nenning und Max Horkheimer, 1969-1972; 4 Briefe zwischen dem Rektor Günther Neuhardt und Max Horkheimer, 1970; 7 Briefe zwischen Rexa Neumeister und Max Horkheimer, 1967; 28 Briefe und Beilage zwischen dem Professor Ludwig Neundörfer und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1971; 1 Brief an den Professor John J. Neunaier von Max Horkheimer, 1965; 2 Briefe zwischen der Newton Compton Editori und Max Horkheimer, 1970; 3 Briefe zwischen der New York Times und Max Horkheimer, 1959-1960; 4 Briefe und Beilage zwischen Stephen Ney und Max Horkheimer, 1967; 4 Briefe und Beilage zwischen dem Student Claus Niederberger und Max Horkheimer, 1973; 1 Brief an Dr. Friedrich Niewöhner von Max Horkheimer, 1973; 4 Briefe zwischen dem Professor August Nietschke und Max Horkheimer, 1965; 1 Dankesbrief von N.N. an Maidon Horkheimer, 1963; 1 Brief [Hinweis auf eine Krebstherapie] von N.N. an Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief [gegen den Kommunismus] von N.N. an Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief [Ansichtskarte, Unterzeichnet mit D.C.] von N.N. an Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Telegramm [Mitteilung über Schiffverbindung] von N.N. an Max Horkheimer, 1949; 3 Briefe und Beilage zwischen dem Northern Life Insurance Co. Seattle, Wash. und Max Horkheimer, 1951-1953; 4 Briefe und Beilage zwischen den Nürnberger Nachrichten und Max Horkheimer sowie einem Interview mit Max Horkheimer, 1973; 1 Brief von der Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung an Max Horkheimer, 1968;

Ms. lat. oct. 177 - Sammelhandschrift des Frankfurter Pfarrers Bernhard Waldschmidt

Vorbesitzer: Bernhard Waldschmidt

Late Miocene-early Pliocene stable isotope record of benthic foraminifera from ODP Site 177-1088 in the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic

Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records for the past 11 Myr from a recently drilled site in the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic (Site 1088, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 177, 41°S, 15°E, 2082 m water depth) provide, for the first time, a continuous long-term perspective on deep water distribution patterns and Southern Ocean climate change from the late Miocene through the early Pliocene. I have compiled published late Miocene through Pliocene stable isotope records to place the new South Atlantic record in a global framework. Carbon isotope gradients between the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Pacific indicate that a nutrient-depleted watermass, probably of North Atlantic origin, reached the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic after 6.6 Ma. By 6.0 Ma the relative proportion of the northern-provenance watermass was similar to today and by the early Pliocene it had increased to greater than the modern proportion suggesting that thermohaline overturn in the Atlantic was relatively strong prior to the early Pliocene interval of inferred climatic warmth. Site 1088 oxygen isotope values display a two-step increase between ~7.4 Ma and 6.9 Ma, a trend that parallels a published delta18O record of a site on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. This is perhaps best explained by a gradual cooling of watermasses that were sinking in the Southern Ocean. I speculate that relatively strong thermohaline overturn at rates comparable to the present day interglacial interval during the latest Miocene may have provided the initial conditions for early Pliocene climatic warmth. The impact of an emerging Central American Seaway on Atlantic-Pacific Ocean upper water exchange may have been felt in the North Atlantic beginning in the latest Miocene between 6.6 and 6.0 Ma, which would be ~1.5 Myr earlier than previously thought.

Accumulation rates of ODP Site 177-1090

Dust has the potential to modify global climate by influencing the radiative balance of the atmosphere and by supplying iron and other essential limiting micronutrients to the ocean (Martin et al., 1990, doi:10.1038/345156a0; Martin, 1990, doi:10.1029/PA005i001p00001). Indeed, dust supply to the Southern Ocean increases during ice ages, and 'iron fertilization' of the subantarctic zone may have contributed up to 40 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.) of the decrease (80-100 p.p.m.v.) in atmospheric carbon dioxide observed during late Pleistocene glacial cycles (Watson et al., 2000, doi:10.1038/35037561; Kohfeld et al., 2005, doi:10.1126/science.1105375; Martínez-Garcia et al., 2009, doi:10.1029/2008PA001657; Sigman et al., 2010, doi:10.1038/nature09149; Hain et al., 2010, doi:10.1029/2010gb003790). So far, however, the magnitude of Southern Ocean dust deposition in earlier times and its role in the development and evolution of Pleistocene glacial cycles have remained unclear. Here we report a high-resolution record of dust and iron supply to the Southern Ocean over the past four million years, derived from the analysis of marine sediments from ODP Site 1090, located in the Atlantic sector of the subantarctic zone. The close correspondence of our dust and iron deposition records with Antarctic ice core reconstructions of dust flux covering the past 800,000 years (Lambert et al., 2008, doi:10.1038/nature06763; Wolf et al., 2006, doi:10.1038/nature04614) indicates that both of these archives record large-scale deposition changes that should apply to most of the Southern Ocean, validating previous interpretations of the ice core data. The extension of the record beyond the interval covered by the Antarctic ice cores reveals that, in contrast to the relatively gradual intensification of glacial cycles over the past three million years, Southern Ocean dust and iron flux rose sharply at the Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition around 1.25 million years ago. This finding complements previous observations over late Pleistocene glacial cycles (Martínez-Garcia et al., 2009; Lambert et al., 2008; Wolff et al., 2006), providing new evidence of a tight connection between high dust input to the Southern Ocean and the emergence of the deep glaciations that characterize the past one million years of Earth history.