Efeito da aplicação da vinhaça como fertilizante sobre os teores de ácido trans-aconítico de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp)

Caldo de cana da variedade NA 56-79, em quatro estádios de maturidade (4, 6, 8 e 12 meses) fertilizada com vinhaça foi analisada para a determinação dos teores de potássio e ácido trans-aconítico. A fertilização com vinhaça provocou redução significativa nos teores de açúcares redutores totais e aumento nos teores de potássio e de ácido trans-aconítico. Uma correlação positiva significativa foi encontrada entre a produção de ácido trans-aconítico e o teor de potássio. O teor de ácido trans-aconítico foi reduzido com a maturidade das plantas.

Efeito comparativo do calor, S0(2) e ácido ascórbico na atividade da polifenol oxidase e peroxidase de algumas frutas e hortaliças

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar o efeito do calor, do SO2 e do ácido ascorbico, visando determinar qual o método mais eficiente para controlar o escurecimento enzímico de cada uma das frutas e hortaliças estudadas. Os resultados mostraram que para a banana, pêssego, maça, cenoura, couve-flor e palmito, o calor foi o melhor agente inativador do sistema enzímico responsável pelo escurecimento. O SO2 foi mais eficiente para a pera, e para o figo e batata, o melhor agente inibidor foi o ácido ascórbico.

Cultura cromogênica dum bacilo ácido-álcool resistente isolado de pus de lesão fechada de lepra humana

Last October 2nd the Author smeared nine tubes of Loewenstein medium with material obtained from closed pustulae of a seven years old boy, L2 case of leprosy. This material was very rich in Hansen bacilli in its different forms, inclusive globus, as is seen in the figures 2 and 3 of Plate 1. Part of this material obtained from pustulae opened by galvanocautery, was inoculated, at the same day, into white rats and guinea-pigs. November 26th a new biopsy gave more rich material, which was smeared again into Loewenstein fresh medium. December 15th three of the first and two of the second series of tubes of cultures showed germination of a yellow, dry and rough culture, covering almost the total surface of the medium. Microscopic examination of the culture showed that it was a pure culture of an acid-fast organism. Passages into glycerinated potatoes germinated well covering the surface of the same with a clear yellow granulated culture remaining the fluid (glycerinated water) quite limpid. The germination in glycerinated broth produced a yellow velum in the surface of the medium, as is seen in fig. 3 of Plate 2, without becoming turbid. The microorganism isolated twice from the same source of material was cocciforme (as Mycobacterium pulviforme of Marchoux), in the original culture, becoming more bacilliforme, always acid-fast, after passage into glycerinated media. The A. sent his culture to foreigner colleagues to study it and will inoculate it soon into laboratory animals.

Sobre a isomerização do ácido Górlico (C18H30O2)

The present note describes the results of the investigation concerning the possibility of the isomerization of Gorlic acid. Gorlic acid has been isolated on 1938 by Cole & Cardoso (1) and since then a few experiments have been made regarding its particular biological properties. During such researches it was noted a reaction with nitrous acid, similar to that of oleic acid, which has been mencioned on previous paper (6). Using the Bertram selenium method it has been possible to show that gorlic acid would not change to an isomeric form, i.e., no evidence of “elaidinization” was found. The reaction with nitous acid can be explained by the impurification due to the presence of oleic acid in a very small amount which could not been removed from gorlic acid.

Lactacidemia: métodos de dosagem do ácido lático

A critical study of three methods for the determination of lactic acid (EDWARDS, MENDEL & GOLDSCHEIDER, MILLER & MUNTZ) is presented and some modifications are proposed. It was shown t hat more accurate results could be obtained with Edward's technic when an Iena glass filter is connected with the absorption tube. Before the dropping of the permanganate solution it is necessary to pass a current of air through the reaction flask to avoid the oxidation of the non-lactic acid substances which interfere with the reaction. The absorption tube must be maintained at 18°C during the destillation and the titration of the bisulphite binding aldehyde at 4°C. When the sample contains more than 5 mg it is useful to work with greater quantities of the bisulphite. More permanganate is consumed when the lactic acid concentration is higher. The sensivity of the method permits the titration of 0.04 mg to 5 mg of lactic acid in the sample. The calculated error of the method gave 0.018 % and the normal values for blood determined in 20 human cases averaged 10.30 mg per 100 ml (Table VI). MENDEL and GOLDSCHEIDER'S method was modified in the following details: Somogyis deproteinization was performed instead metaphosphoric acid as in the original method; to avoid the evaporation of the acetic aldehyde during the heating time with sulfuric acid a special glass stopped tube is proposed (Fig. 2). The reaction with sulfuric acid and veratrol is performed in an ice bath. Blood proteins precipitants were tried and Somogyi's lattest tecnic showed better results (Table V). Colorimetric readings were done in the PULFRICH photometer using filter S 53 and a 10 mm cup. The method is accurate within an error of 0.23 % and samples of 5 to 70 microg. could be easily determined. Normal values for human blood averaged 10.78 mg per 100 ml. More accurate results were obtained with the technic of MILLER & MUNTZ. Slight modifications were introduced: deproteinization with copper sulfate and sodium tungstate; satured p-hydroxydiphenyl solution according to KOENEMANN which is stable for 5 months when stored in the ice-box. Using the PULFRICH step-photometer the error is 0.17% with samples varying from 0.1 to 10 microg. of lactic acid. The filter employed was S 57 with the 5 mm cup. The method was adapted to 0.1 ml of blood. Normal values for human blood gave an average of 10.58 mg per 100 ml.

Preparo de antígenos (Leprolinas Souza-Araujo) de culturas de bacilos ácido-álcool resistentes isolados de leprosos: seu emprêgo intradérmico, comparativamente com o da Lepromina, e subcutâneo ou intravenoso como tentativa terapêutica

The A. prepared five antigens from his leprosy cultures which by analogy with ROST's product he called Leprolins. The methods of its preparation and use are given. After a few tests to prove its innocuity for man the A. in cooperation with Dr. JOSÉ MARIANO, injected all five antigens intracutaneously in 120 patients. Now the products are being tested in 17 Leper Colonies of Brazil, in Argentina by Dr. SALOMON SCHUJMAN and in two leprosaria of Colombia. As antigen for skin tests the first results obtained are more or less identical with the results with Lepromin. Its use in serology for leprosy diagnosis will be made by Dr. T. PINTO of Rio, and Prof. LUIZ PRADO BARRIENTOS, of La Paz, Bolivia. As curative means the Leprolins are being injected into resistent lesions of leprosy and also by intraven injections, whose results Dr. José Mariano will publish soon. The Leprolins Souza-Araujo are put at disposal of all leprologists interested in its use.

Culturas de bacilos ácido-álcool resistentes isolados de hematófagos infectados em leprosos: evidências de se tratar do bacilo de Hansen

The A. summarises the history of his first culture of acidfast bacillus isolated directly from leprosy lesions (Sample José) and refers about two samples recovered from guinea pig and white rat inoculated with said culture. Then the A. completes his previous descriptions of four cultures of acidfast bacilli isolated by him from ticks (Amblyomma cajaennense and Boophilus microplus, two cultures from each species) infected experimentally in lepers. The A. having found specimens of two species of Triatomidae (Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus) naturally infected with HANSEN bacillus in huts habited by lepers in the State of Minas Gerais (Dec. 1942), started a series of experiments, using larvae and nymphs of T. infestans bred in laboratory at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, to infect in active cases of leprosy, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, could obtain two new samples of cultures of acid-fast bacilli (Ns. 6 and 7 of his set). In this papaer the A. studies the biological properties of said cultures, proving that Penicilin has not effect upon them, like other substances. The sulphuric and acetic acids were used to purify some of the cultures, with good results, the cultures becoming more rich and growing faster. Potassium hydroxide Sodium (10% solution) was also used with success to isolate and to purify the cultures, but it seems that it affects the bacilli in some way. In flud glycerinated media the majority of such cultures produce velum suitable for the preparation of antigens for skin tests and for therapeutical use. At last the A. says that he is becoming convinced that the HANSEN bacillus is in cause, especially after thee evidences of culturing the bacillus from one patient, in different opportunities.

Resultados comparativos das reações intra-dermicas com antígenos de bacilos ácido-alcool-resistentes (Leprolinas "Souza-Araújo") e emulsão de lepromas (Lepromina): (Primeira Nota)

Em 20 portadores de Lepra, internados na Colônia de São Roque, Paraná, 13 dos quais eram da forma lepromatosa e os 7 restantes da forma nervosa pura ou tuberculoide, o autor estudou a reação intradérmica de antigenos bacilares (Leprolinas Souza-Araujo 1, 1a, 3, 5, 5a), comparativamente com as reações produzidas, ao mesmo tempo, com antígeno lepromatoso (Emulsão de lepromas, lepromina). Observou o seguinte: 1.° - Que a lepromina, comportou-se como habitualmente, isto é, negativa nos lepromatosos e ositiva nos nervosos e tuberculoides e sempre mais intensa ao fim da quarta semana. 2.° - Que as leprolinas provocam reações, que o autor não conclui serem positivas ou negativas no sentido imunológico da expressão em virtude de estar estudando-as neste sentido, nos leprotomatosos e tuberculoides, mas, sempre mais intensas entre a 1.ª e 2.ª semanas, diminuindo de intensidade na 3.ª e desaparecendo ou quase desaparecendo ao fim da quarta semana: nódulos, nódulos-eritema, ulcerações. 3.° - Que nestas reações houve destruição de tecidos, pois a presença tardia de cicatrizes, mesmo quando não houve ulceração, mostra êste fato. 4.° - Que as inoculações das lepromina, não trouxeram nenhum inconveniente a saúde dos paciente; embora um deles tenha apresentado nos primeiros dias leve reação geral; outro, intensa fusão de suas lesões nodulars de lepra e, dois outros, a chamada Reação leprótica.

Cultura cromogênica de um bacilo ácido-álcool resistente, isolado de mosquito (Culicínio) capturado sôbre leproso, em plena natureza, com rétrocultura obtida de rato branco

1. Cultura cromogênica de um bacilo ácido-álcool-acetona resistente isolado de mosquito Culicíno, capturado em condições naturais, sôbre um enfêrmo lepromatoso L3. 2. Retro-cultura obtida em meio de Loewenstein do pus de abscesso dum rato branco, formado em 35 dias (ponto de inoculação, axila direita). O exame microscópico revelou abundantes globias e glóbulos brancos polinucleares fagocitando massas de bacilos ácido-álcool resistentes. 3. No próximo verão prosseguiremos nossos estudos, trabalhando em diferentes leprocômios do brasil, para confirmar o presente trabalho e poder chegar ás suas conclusões definitivas.

Novos cultivos cromogênicos de bacilos ácido-alcool resistentes isolados de mosquitos (Culicini), capturados sobre leprosos: II nota

1. O autor obteve três novas culturas de bacilos ácido-alcool resisten¬tes, isolados de mosquitos (Culicini) capturados sôbre leprosos, em condições naturais, no campo livre a um quilômetro aproximadamente de distância da Colônia Santa Fe. 2. As semeaduras praticadas com mosquistos normais,, capturados sôbre um cavalo, até hoje foram negativas, para bacilos ácido-alcool resistentes. 3. Os exames microscópicos de esfregaços de diferentes tribus de mosquitos silvestres, capturados em condições naturais, sôbre enfermos lepro-matosos, nas margens do rio "Peixe", deram um total de 22% de positivos, com 111 bacilos contaveis e algumas massas de bacilos ácido-alcool resistentes na laminas observadas. (V. quadro I). 4. Os mosquitos urbanos Cutex fatigans, capturados dentro da Colônia nos Pavilhões e vivendas isoladas com lepromatosos, deram um total de 20% de positivos, com 55 bacilos contaveis e alguns grupos de bacilos e globias de bacilos ácido-alcool resistentes. (V. quadro II). 5. Em 50 laminas com esfregaços de mosquitos Culicini normais, cap¬turados sôbre cavalo, encontramos uma só lamina 4 bacilos duvidosos. No resto, as laminas foram negativas para bacilos ácido-alcool resistentes. Estes estudos estão sendo continuados no Laboratório de Leprologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Assim também temos empreendido novas experiências trabalhando com mosquitos capturados sôbre leprosos nas proximidades do Hospital-Colônia Curupaity e com mosquitos capturados nos Pavilhões do Leprosário, contando com a colaboração do Prof. Oliveira Castro, na classificação do material, determinando rigorosamente as espécies dos mosquitos.