El an��lisis transaccional de la personalidad b��sica a la relaci��n interpersonal.

Encontrar las principales metas del An��lisis Transaccional que se centra no s��lo en clasificar lo positivo y lo negativo, lo que nos da conciencia, sino tambi��n en utilizar los aspectos positivos de la personalidad. Este proceso significa reducir, cortar o eliminar lo destructivo y reforzar utilizar o aplicar lo constructivo. As��, el an��lisis transaccional ofrece a cada persona un panorama de lo que est�� sucediendo en su vida y presenta las bases para efectuar cambios y elecciones que son f��cilmente aplicables a la pr��ctica. Trata de dejar a un lado el lenguaje psiqui��trico formal y poner al alcance de todos el conocimento de s�� mismos, nuestros actos y los dem��s. Nos damos cuenta que es una forma de autodescubrimiento, nos ayuda a explorar la personalidad. Siendo una poderosa herramienta terap��utica. An��lisis transaccional. Esta t��cnica se centra en los contratos como n��cleo central de su trabajo, definiendo contrato como un compromiso o convenio entre el Adulto del terapeuta y el Adulto del cliente que tiene por objeto el cambio de una conducta. Algunas t��cnicas terap��uticas utilizadas por el An��lisis Transaccional: descontaminaci��n del adulto, redecisi��n, tratamiento de esquizofr��nicos, an��lisis de guiones. Las caracter��sticas de An��lisis Transaccional son: su objetividad, la mayor��a de sus postulados pueden observarse y demostrarse, fundamentaci��n bi��logica, responde a las leyes naturales del desarrollo humano y sus necesidades, afecto, contacto f��sico..., ser contractual, cuando se emplea para lograr cambios, ��stas se estipulan previamente entre el terapeuta y el paciente o instructor y cliente, en forma de metas medibles o contratos de cambio, efectividad, ser divertido, trabajar primordialmente en grupo.Podemos decir que es un m��todo racional para analizar, comprender y corregir la conducta humana tal y como tiene lugar aqu�� y ahora de un modo objetivo e incrementa la 'conciencia de las cosas', la responsabilidad, la autenticidad y la decisi��n aut��noma del propio destino, a las que podr��amos a��adir que es una filosof��a positiva y de confianza en el ser humano, es un modelo de aprendizaje, es diagramable, preventivo, es integrante e igualitario.

Las micropol��ticas del cambio educativo.

Monogr��fico con el t��tulo: 'El cambio en educaci��n'. Resumen basado en el de la publicaci��n

Proyectos de innovaci��n premiados : a��o 1999-2000.

Los proyectos premiados tambi��n se pueden consultar en la base de datos de REDINET-Innovaci��n

Calvet de Magalh��es e o Direito �� educa����o

O artigo Direito �� educa����o, de Calvet de Magalh��es, foi publicado em Fevereiro de 1974 para celebrar os 25 anos da Declara����o Universal dos Direitos do Homem. Pela sua actualidade, pelas refer��ncias te��ricas a que recorre, pela revis��o de literatura e de legisla����o e pela vis��o democr��tica da educa����o, n��cleo central do artigo, justifica-se a sua publica����o Para al��m da perspectiva pedag��gica do autor, aqui claramente explicitada, e das suas concep����es filos��ficas, enquadradas entre o socialismo ut��pico e o socialismo cient��fico, o artigo exprime uma antevis��o do modelo de sociedade que o 25 de Abril de 1974 possibilitou. No que diz respeito �� democratiza����o do ensino, Calvet de Magalh��es considera que constitui o grande fundamento para o desenvolvimento econ��mico e para elevar o n��vel cultural da popula����o. Afirma, assim, que a verdadeira democratiza����o do ensino consiste, fundamentalmente, em ���assegurar o lugar que conv��m a cada um e n��o o acolhimento, sem controlo, nas escolas casernas ou, melhor ainda, nos armaz��ns de jovens. Neste sentido, a democratiza����o n��o pode ser somente seleccionar, tem tamb��m de produzir ���alunos que triunfem���; para isso, considera fundamental que o professor tenha um perfil que garanta um modelo democr��tico de ensino. Numa ��poca em que se discute o Estatuto da Carreira Docente, em que se conflituam modelos pedag��gicos e em que se apresentam diferentes filosofias para a resolu����o dos problemas da educa����o, este artigo de Calvet de Magalh��es �� de leitura obrigat��ria para todos aqueles que, directa ou indirectamente, est��o envolvidos no processo educativo.

A educa����o ambiental no ensino fundamental I : realidade e desafios

O n��cleo central desta pesquisa se insere no objeto de an��lise da Educa����o Ambiental e na forma como vem sendo encorporada nas Escolas de Ensino Fundamental I. �� pertinente por se tratar de uma pol��tica recente, desenvolvida de forma improvisada e adaptada por institui����es externas ��s escolas. Com vistas a avaliar as pr��ticas pedag��gicas utilizadas pelos professores em Educa����o Ambiental. Esta pesquisa vem desempenhar um relevante papel nesse trabalho e tem na escola um espa��o privilegiado de atua����o. Do ponto de vista metodol��gico, fizemos a an��lise de conte��do das entrevistas realizadas com professores e coordenador, no intuito de compreender a realidade dispensada �� educa����o ambiental e os desafios que a mesma tem encontrado rumo �� efetiva����o de sua implanta����o. O estudo mostrou que as pol��ticas p��blicas, de fato, possuem limita����es na sua execu����o, referente ��s diferentes formas de interpretar e compreender os seus aspectos relacionados as pr��ticas educativas em Educa����o Ambiental, por se tratarem de um campo novo e pouco incorporado aos processos de forma����o de professores, com pr��ticas que, por sua vez s��o formuladas de um modo austero e seguro. O que nos leva a concluir que o modo como a Educa����o Ambiental no Ensino Fundamental I, est�� estruturada parece pouco contribuir para uma educa����o escolar que almeja ser cr��tica, transformadora e emancipat��ria. E que tem por objetivo se constituir numa ferramenta de conscientiza����o pol��tica, oportunizando saberes, id��ias e pr��ticas.

El progreso una promesa terminada

La seria crisis social y ambiental que amenaza la vida humana confirma lo dicho por Walter Benjam��n, en sus Tesis de la Filosof��a de la Historia. Hoy m��s que nunca, la idea de progreso, como fundamento ideol��gico del capitalismo, muestra su fuerza destructiva, no solo de la vida social, sino incluso de la vida natural, dimensiones propias de la existencia humana. El paradigma del progreso que determina el modelo de desarrollo que sustenta y sostiene el capitalismo, y a la vez es sostenido por ��ste, hoy es inservible, si no es que lo fue desde su inicio. Recogiendo el n��cleo central de la cr��tica que Benjam��n hace a la idea de progreso, se podr��a sostener incluso que el problema no es el tipo de desarrollo, sino la noci��n misma de desarrollo. En otras palabras, hay que poner en duda, no el contenido que se d�� o se pueda dar al desarrollo, sino el desarrollo como concepto rector del caminar moderno capitalista. Partiendo de esto es necesario analizar a fondo las ideas planteadas por Benjam��n en su trabajo sobre la Filosof��a de la Historia.

Economia da informa����o, custos de transa����o e produtividade: um ensaio sobre os retornos das tecnologias de informa����o

O senso comum de que o investimento em tecnologia deve aumentar a produtividade do trabalho foi questionado por muitos estudos nos ��ltimos anos, que n��o encontraram correla����o positiva entre tais aplica����es e as receitas das empresas. Mas foi tamb��m apoiado por outros autores que obtiveram provas emp��ricas de que os retornos desses investimentos deveriam ser medidos por outros indicadores, �� parte de dados econ��micos setoriais agregados. Procuramos analisar essa dicotomia �� luz da Economia da Informa����o, levantando a hip��tese de que as inova����es bem planejadas em processos de neg��cio e na estrutura organizacional, apoiadas pela tecnologia de informa����o, agregam valor e aumentam a produtividade e efici��ncia da empresa. Para isso, buscamos centralizar a an��lise nos custos de transa����o dos processos de neg��cio, identificando-os como o n��cleo central de qualquer indicador de produtividade com que se possa medir com alguma precis��o o impacto de novos insumos ou recursos aplicados aos processos em quest��o.

Um estudo explorat��rio sobre a Employee Value Proposition (EVP) no mercado de seguros brasileiro

As pr��ticas da gest��o de recursos humanos acompanham a evolu����o na gest��o do capital humano das organiza����es. As atividades de marketing voltadas �� marca corporativa prestam servi��o essencial e estrat��gico na identifica����o, formata����o e divulga����o da marca do empregador. Juntas as duas ��reas passam a desempenhar papel solid��rio na atra����o de profissionais qualificados, refor��ando e propagando a identidade corporativa aos potenciais candidatos atrav��s da EVP. A EVP, a Marca do Empregador e a Reputa����o do Empregador se relacionam atrav��s das pr��ticas de recrutamento e sele����o, que �� ��rea de RH que primeiro mantem contato com os potenciais candidatos e inicia a constru����o do contrato psicol��gico com o novo empregado. A marca do empregador, como a imagem da organiza����o, �� utilizada para atrair, reter e engajar as pessoas e tem a EVP como seu n��cleo central. Neste estudo se identifica a pr��tica de recrutamento e sele����o como a principal conex��o te��rica entre a EVP, a marca do empregador e a reputa����o do empregador e se identifica que oportunidade como a dimens��o da EVP mais relevantes para o p��blico estudado.

Efeito antitromb��tico de uma fucana n��o anticoagulante extra��da da alga Spatoglossum Schr��ederi

Fucan is a term used to denominate a family of sulfated L-fucose-rich polysaccharides. The brown alga Spatoglossum schr��ederi (Dictyotaceae) has three heterofucans namely fucan A, B and C. The 21 kDa fucan A is composed of a core of β (1-3) glucuronic acid-containing oligosaccharide of 4.5 kDa with branches at C4 of fucose chains α (1-3) linked. The fucose is mostly substituted at C4 with a sulfate group and at C2 with chains of β (1-4) xylose. This fucan has neither anticoagulant (from from 0.1 to 100��g) nor hemorrhagic activities (from 50 to 800 ��g/mL). The antithrombotic test in vivo showed the fucan A has no activity in any of the concentrations (from 0.2 to 20��g/g/day) tested 1h after polysaccharide administration. However, when fucan A was injected endovenously 24h before the ligature of the venae cavae, we observed a dose-dependent effect, reaching saturation at around 20g/g of rat weight. In addition, this effect is also time-dependent, reaching saturation around 16h after fucan administration. In addition, regardless of administration pathway, fucan A displayed antithrombotic action. The exception was the oral pathway. Of particular importance was the finding that fucan A stimulates the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate from endothelial cells like heparin. The hypothesis has been raised that in vivo antithrombotic activity of fucan A is related to the increased production this heparan. Taken together with the fact that the compound is practically devoid of anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activity suggests that it may be an ideal antithrombotic agent in vivo

As repercuss��es dos servi��os hospitalares em diferentes contextos: uma an��lise de profissionais de sa��de

This study has as general object: to verify as the health professionals that work in different hospitals evaluate the hospital services; and specific objectives: identify how health professionals evaluate the work conditions in different hospitals and verify the central nucleus and the peripheral elements of the social representations elaborated by these professionals about these institution. This is a descriptive study realized in Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte. Were collected 213 questionnaires. Concerning the evaluation of the health services, high averages had been verified in the philanthropic hospital, for example, quality of the customer service. At the state hospital was observed lowest ones: respect to the privacy of the patients. Similar results were found about work conditions. It was observed as central nucleus the categories Overcrowded and Humanized care, in the state and philanthropic hospital respectively, and as peripheral elements Low wages and Overcrowded. Being thus the conflicts in this scene are inevitable because of the poor structure of some public hospitals, however, these problems can be foresee and solvable if the hospital has a free expression channel accessible to all agents. The evaluation has to become integrant part of the culture of the organization, a time that this will guide the steps in direction to the best quality in the hospital assistance

Representa����es sociais de discentes sobre universidade: um estudo psicossocial entre ingressantes do vestibular e da sele����o ProUni

Demand for access to higher education to put in test the education Brazilian system in view of the surplus of selective processes of public universities, people without option to pay their studies at this education level. In this context, it has arisen the University for All(Universidade para Todos)Program, the ProUni, from Ministry of Education - MEC, created by the Federal Government in 2004, and that it aims the granting of full and partial scholarships in private higher education institutions, graduate courses in sequential specific training, low-income Brazilians students who do not have higher-level degree. Created by the Provisional Measure No 213/2004 and institutionalized by Law No. 11096 of January 13, 2005, the ProUni offers, however, the exemption of some taxes to those institutions that join the program. This is one of the privileged time for the study of Social Representations by offering the researcher, a living laboratory, natural environment, the confrontation between the established and new. In time like this people are challenged to incorporate the new system to the pre-existing one, aiming it through a strangeness of what was so familiar. It is through this game of social forces that we developed the present study with 196 entering higher education, of these are 116 of selective vestibular system and 80 of the ProUni selective system. We opt by the procedures for data collection in order to have access to the circulating senses, in addition to the streamlined responses. With foundation in Abric, we perform the test the Free Association of Words, then analysed by the software and by EVOC Content of the type theme as Bardin. Besides, we require of the subjects, a writing on the study object university later analysed by the software ALCESTE. The results point out to a representation strongly rooted in social factors such as more traditional socio-cultural elements: the beliefs, values, the symbols. It is unique in both groups of subjects: among those entering by the selective ProUni system, there was a stronger anchor in that it does not make inquiries about the program. At the same time, there is a stronger presence of objectivation, entering the selective vestibular system in order that they explained with a value judgement on the programme. It is suggested further studies considering the embryonic state of social representation, as recent as the social purpose that triggered. It would be relevant even the replication of the same research with other people in order to strengthen the power of the theorising of empiria available

Tuberculose: conhecimentos, representa����es sociais e experi��ncias da doen��a na vis��o do portador

Tuberculosis is considered one of the most ancient human diseases, cases were registered 3900 years before Christ, and it is currently regarded as a serious public health problem in the world due to several factors such as income mismanagement, precarious standard of life and some sort of prejudice comprised by the word tuberculosis. Taking this into consideration, it was developed a descriptive and exploratory study aiming at analyzing the social representations of tuberculosis made by its patient from the Unidades de Sa��de da Fam��lia (Family Health Units a public health program) in Campina Grande City PB, in relation to the decentralization of the policies that administrate the disease. It was interviewed 34 tuberculosis patient that were being treated from 2007 to 2008. The age group of the interviewees varied from 10 to 60 years old, but most of them were between 36 and 60 years old (58,8%, n=20), some were young adult and adult (21 35 years old), with 11 (32,3%) respondents, and, less frequent, children and teenagers (11 20 years old), with 03 (8,8%) participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interview. The questions that guided the research were elaborated based on the operational recommendations of DOTS strategy; that is: access to laboratory examinations; medication guarantee; directly observed treatment. Besides that, the experiences of the patient were considered in their relation with the family and the different social groups. The analysis of the discursive material was submitted to the Analyse Lexicale par Context d un Ensemble de Segments de Texte software - ALCESTE 4.7. Data interpretation showed five categories for the social representations of the tuberculosis patient that participated in DOTS strategy: 1) the accessibility of the health assistance service; 2) the patient perspective of the disease; 3) the change in the operation of the productive life; 4) the signals and symptoms of the tuberculosis disease; 5) the rearrangement and mechanisms used to face the disease. The Central Nucleus reveals that tuberculosis is a transmissible disease that can be prevented by people through educational practices, health promotion, active search for symptomatic respiratory and control of the carriers communication; these mechanisms should be incorporated to the routine of all participants of the family health groups. The Intermediate Elements, based on quotidian life, as well as the individual experiences of the tuberculosis patient, reveals prejudiced attitude and beliefs that lead to isolation and restriction of interpersonal relationship. Peripheral Elements were constituted by themes that showed the patient feelings of indignation because of the social barriers they had to face in the Family Health Units during the treatment. These elements demonstrate a negative perspective of the representation concerning the accessibility, i.e. inadequate structure of the health service; long distance to the Health Centre, this factormakes it difficult for the patient to continue the treatment; scheduling delay; and limited service regarding other requests (doctor, dentist etc). One expects to contribute for the construction of a new perspective of the health question between the different agents who make the assistencial institutions and formation of professionals, either in central or local scope

Plano Nacional de Sa��de e o lugar social em disputa

O presente artigo apresenta uma an��lise do Plano Nacional de Sa��de publicado em 2004. Este documento expressa um importante per��odo de transi����o na gest��o do SUS, uma vez que foi predecessor do Pacto pela Sa��de. A partir de um estudo descritivo com base em procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos, o objetivo foi compreender as ideias centrais do documento, identificando as conex��es existentes entre seus princ��pios, objetivos e prioridades. O principal resultado do estudo foi a identifica����o da integralidade das a����es, da capacita����o dos recursos humanos e mudan��a do marco regulat��rio com base numa vis��o intersetorial como n��cleo central do documento. Essas ideias, por sua vez, circulam pelo discurso das diretrizes do plano, fortalecendo os la��os do eixo central do texto na reorganiza����o da aten����o ambulatorial e na qualifica����o profissional. Por fim, quando comparadas metas e a����es previstas nas diretrizes, observa-se uma tens��o entre o que foram denominados vetores da verticalidade e da horizontalidade, deixando em aberto o rumo do lugar social em disputa.

Caracteriza����o do processo de trabalho do cirurgi��odentista na estrat��gia de sa��de da fam��lia do munic��pio de Parnamirim-RN

Family Health Strategy (FHS), founded in 1994 has appeared to play a strategic role in the SUS construction and consolidation. It has reaffirmed its Principles and Guidelines and has elected family as core of attention. The principle that has guided the work concerns the quality of the relationship between professional and family. Thus, the FHS has the family as a subject of health-disease process, and relations with its own characteristics and can be partners in building their health and improvement of quality of life of its members and the entire community. This study aims to characterize the surgeon-dentist (SD) working process in the family health strategy, from the knowledge of the SD integration with other team members; organization of services; development of shares, changes perceived by SDs, as well as knowing the surgeon-dentist profile who is part of this strategy. The collecting tool used was a semi-structured questionnaire, in which participated 30 professionals. As for profile, most professionals were women, completed the graduation in public university and did not have any training to work by joining the FHS. Almost all have other public or private working ties. They often carry out activities with students, and occasionally do home visits. In relation to team work, in activities such as home visits, school health, community activities, among others, they sometimes seek the cooperation of other members. The way of accessing for users in the most part has occurred through the schedule. The most frequently activities made to the Centro Especialidades Odontol��gicas (CEO), are in Endodontics and Prosthesis. The majority of them participate in team meetings, but they do not have frequency set to happen. As for the planning and programming of activities to be conducted, most said that individually develops them. Concerning the performance of their duties, most reported being satisfied, but that improvements could happen. Besides, they reported improvements in dental care following the inclusion of SD in the FHS in various aspects, such as access, organization, humanization, care and oral disease prevention. The professionals had poor integration with other team members, in addition to have a profile to more individualistic work, a fact seized by way of development and planning of actions. They work the actions in individual and curative way, in detriment promotion and collective ones. They work humanization, definition of territory and adscript population. Thus, it is concluded that the working process developed by SDs, includes the part which is advocated by FHS. This points out to a greater undertaking of this process aiming to detect the weakness met in order to reach the potential that the FHS represents in organization of basic attention

O papel das rotas e da obten����o de informa����es sobre a efici��ncia no forrageio de dinoponera quadriceps em ambiente natural

In this study, we investigated the role of routes and information attainment for the queenless ant species Dinoponera quadriceps foraging efficiency. Two queenless ant colonies were observed in an area of Atlantic secondary Forest at the FLONA-ICMBio of Nisia Floresta, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, at least once a week. In the first stage of the study, we observed the workers, from leaving until returning to the colony. In the second stage, we introduced a acrylic plate (100 x 30 x 0,8 cm) on a selected entrance of the nest early in the morning before the ants left the nest. All behavioral recordings were done through focal time and all occurence samplings. The recording windows were of 15 minutes with 1 minute interval, and 5 minute intervals between each observation window. Foraging was the main activity when the workers were outside the nest. There was a positive correlation between time outside the nest and distance travelled by the ants. These variables influenced the proportion of resource that was taken to the nest, that is, the bigger its proportion, the longer the time outside and distance travelled during the search. That proportion also influenced the time the worker remained in the nest before a new trip, the bigger the proportion of the item, the shorter was the time in the nest. During all the study, workers showed fidelity to the route and to the sectors in the home range, even when the screen was in the ant��s way, once they deviated and kept the route. The features of foraging concerning time, distance, route and flexibility to go astray by the workers indicate that decisions are made by each individual and are optimal in terms of a cost-benefit relation. The strategy chosen by queenless ants fits the central place foraging and marginal value theorem theories and demonstrate its flexibility to new informations. This indicates that the workers can learn new environmental landmarks to guide their routes