Work-related stressors and psychological strain in the sales force:the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

The contemporary workplace appears rife with psychological strain, which can have considerable deleterious outcomes to the firm and the individual. However, research on strain in the sales force is underdeveloped. This paper reports the results of a study of the antecedents and consequences of psychological strain in the sales force, with particular attention to the roles of role ambiguity, emotional exhaustion, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Emotional exhaustion is found to increase strain. Intrinsic motivation reduces strain under conditions of relatively high role ambiguity, but leads to more strain under conditions of low role ambiguity. Strain is found to have a J-shaped relationship with turnover intentions, and is linearly related to lower job satisfaction and lower job performance.

Attributions, cognitions, and coping styles:teleworkers' reactions to work-related problems

Based on the attributional reformulation of learned helplessness theory (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) and Lazarus and Launier's (1978) primary-secondary appraisal theory of stress, the present study sought to examine teleworkers' reactions to their work-related problems. The role of attributions about the sources, and cognitions about the consesquences, of these problems in promoting positive adaptation was addressed. In particular, it was predicted that teleworkers who made optimistic attributions and cognitions would be more likely to employ problem-focused coping strategies and, as a result, report more positive psychological and job-related outcomes. Based on a survey sample of 192 teleworkers, the results indicated that a tendency to engage in self-blame was related to the use of emotion-focused coping strategies. In turn, there was evidence linking emotion-focused coping strategies to negative outcomes and problem-focused coping strategies to positive outcomes. The results are discussed in relation to attributional approaches to stress which highlight the importance of cognitions about the consequences of negative events. Finally, implications for the training of teleworkers are presented.

Objective Methods for Characterizing Physical Exposures which may contribute to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agricultural Workers

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Acidentes de trabalho com exposição biológica em contexto hospitalar

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

Análisis de las lesiones por accidentes de trabajo en el Parc de Salut Mar, 2006-2010.

Objetivo: Estudiar la tendencia temporal de la incidencia de LAT en el Parc de SalutMar (PSMAR) en un periodo de 5 años (2006 – 2010), según las característicassociodemográficas y laborales de las personas trabajadoras y según característicasrelacionadas con la lesión.

What the Law Requires Accessible Multi-family Housing in Iowa, Janaury 2001

For people with disabilities, however, housing options have been limited. Today, state and federal laws are changing this. Who will benefit? All of us. For “accessibility” is an issue that, at one time or another, affects us all. This is true whether _ temporarily or permanently _ we use wheelchairs, need grab bars, cannot climb stairs, require easy-to-reach shelves, or rely on easy-to-navigate living spaces. The primary purpose of accessible housing law is to prevent discrimination against people with disabilities, but the end result is a living environment that is more usable for everyone. For example, both the very young and the very old will find an accessible dwelling more comfortable. People with temporary limitations due to injury or illness will find it easier to live in. Such a home will be more welcoming to guests with disabilities.

Hostigamiento en la vivienda: Es ilegal, Janaury 2001

For people with disabilities, however, housing options have been limited. Today, state and federal laws are changing this. Who will benefit? All of us. For “accessibility” is an issue that, at one time or another, affects us all. This is true whether _ temporarily or permanently _ we use wheelchairs, need grab bars, cannot climb stairs, require easy-to-reach shelves, or rely on easy-to-navigate living spaces. The primary purpose of accessible housing law is to prevent discrimination against people with disabilities, but the end result is a living environment that is more usable for everyone. For example, both the very young and the very old will find an accessible dwelling more comfortable. People with temporary limitations due to injury or illness will find it easier to live in. Such a home will be more welcoming to guests with disabilities.

Trabalho, violência e morte em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

Neste estudo epidemiológico foram analisados óbitos decorrentes de causas externas, ocorridos nos anos 1999 e 2000 entre moradores masculinos da Cidade de Campinas falecidos com idade entre 15 e 64 anos, por intermédio de entrevistas com familiares. Buscou-se correlacionar esta incidência com a história ocupacional dos indivíduos, permitindo a caracterização de tais eventos como acidentes de trabalho. A mortalidade proporcional devido a acidentes de trabalho foi estimada em 27,0% neste grupo. em nenhuma das Declarações de Óbito analisadas estava assinalado com sim o campo Acidente de Trabalho. Com base nos resultados, estimou-se que a informação oficial do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego sobre o número de óbitos decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho no período no Estado de São Paulo esteja subestimada em 83,4%. Constatou-se ainda que a imensa maioria dos acidentes de trabalho fatais identificados era de homicídios e acidentes de transporte, refletindo o aumento da violência nas grandes cidades brasileiras.

Subnotificação de acidentes do trabalho não fatais em Botucatu, SP, 2002

Objective: The implementation of work-related injury prevention policies has been hindered by underreporting of incidents among formal workers, and substantial underreporting among informal workforce. This study aimed at estimating the underreporting of work-related injury in a median-sized city. Methods: A random survey was carried out among residences in the urban area of Brazil. Residents were interviewed about the occurrence of work-related injury to people aged more than nine years in the last 90 days. All incidents reported were double checked in the National Social Security Institute (INSS) records. Results: There were 9,626 residences visited. It was estimated 79.5% (CI 95%: 78.8%-80.3%) of underreporting of work-related injury. Conclusions: Work-related injury reporting is poor in the study location and this may be occurring in other cities. Data suggest the need to build up information systems on Brazilian workers' health. It should incorporate methods, materials and human recourses necessary to recognize, store, analyze, and spread information support injury prevention policies and promote workers' health programs.

(In)capacitados para o trabalho?: trabalho, estranhamento e saúde do trabalhador no Brasil (2000-2010)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Problemas de salud de los jornaleros tamaulipecos empleados con visas h-2a en Estados Unidos

Desde hace dos décadas los jornaleros tamaulipecos han recibido un considerable número de visas H-2A para trabajar en la agricultura en Estados Unidos. Los empleadores estadounidenses muestran una cierta preferencia por los jornaleros tamaulipecos, ya que la cercanía de Tamaulipas a la frontera disminuye los costos de transporte, que deben ser asumidos por los empleadores. Los programas de trabajadores huéspedes para mano de obra no cualificada exponen a los trabajadores foráneos al abuso y la explotación. La falta de cumplimiento con algunas regulaciones federales como el Estándar de Protección de los Trabajadores o el Seguro de Compensación Laboral incrementa el riesgo de envenenamiento por agroquímicos y accidentes entre los jornaleros, y aquellos que sufren accidentes laborales o enfermedades no reciben atención médica. Este artículo examina los problemas de salud sufridos por los trabajadores tamaulipecos empleados con visas H-2A en la agricultura estadounidense.

Problemas de salud de los jornaleros tamaulipecos empleados con visas h-2a en Estados Unidos

Desde hace dos décadas los jornaleros tamaulipecos han recibido un considerable número de visas H-2A para trabajar en la agricultura en Estados Unidos. Los empleadores estadounidenses muestran una cierta preferencia por los jornaleros tamaulipecos, ya que la cercanía de Tamaulipas a la frontera disminuye los costos de transporte, que deben ser asumidos por los empleadores. Los programas de trabajadores huéspedes para mano de obra no cualificada exponen a los trabajadores foráneos al abuso y la explotación. La falta de cumplimiento con algunas regulaciones federales como el Estándar de Protección de los Trabajadores o el Seguro de Compensación Laboral incrementa el riesgo de envenenamiento por agroquímicos y accidentes entre los jornaleros, y aquellos que sufren accidentes laborales o enfermedades no reciben atención médica. Este artículo examina los problemas de salud sufridos por los trabajadores tamaulipecos empleados con visas H-2A en la agricultura estadounidense.

Problemas de salud de los jornaleros tamaulipecos empleados con visas h-2a en Estados Unidos

Desde hace dos décadas los jornaleros tamaulipecos han recibido un considerable número de visas H-2A para trabajar en la agricultura en Estados Unidos. Los empleadores estadounidenses muestran una cierta preferencia por los jornaleros tamaulipecos, ya que la cercanía de Tamaulipas a la frontera disminuye los costos de transporte, que deben ser asumidos por los empleadores. Los programas de trabajadores huéspedes para mano de obra no cualificada exponen a los trabajadores foráneos al abuso y la explotación. La falta de cumplimiento con algunas regulaciones federales como el Estándar de Protección de los Trabajadores o el Seguro de Compensación Laboral incrementa el riesgo de envenenamiento por agroquímicos y accidentes entre los jornaleros, y aquellos que sufren accidentes laborales o enfermedades no reciben atención médica. Este artículo examina los problemas de salud sufridos por los trabajadores tamaulipecos empleados con visas H-2A en la agricultura estadounidense.

Incidencia, prevalencia y severidad de las lesiones deportivas en tres programas de entrenamiento para la pérdida de peso. Proyecto PRONAF

La práctica de actividad física y del deporte ha dado muestras indiscutibles sobre su relación con un buen estado de salud, tanto mental como corporal. Sin embargo, también entraña riesgos que pueden mermar la calidad de vida del practicante, siendo uno de los más comunes e importantes el riesgo de sufrir una lesión deportiva. Actualmente, se han dado respuesta a los factores de riesgo internos y externos que pueden afectar a que un deportista, tanto a nivel profesional como recreativo, pueda sufrir una lesión, pero pocos estudios se han realizado para evaluar la incidencia, la prevalencia y la severidad de las lesiones, en personas sedentarias con sobrepeso y obesidad que deciden comenzar a entrenar y/o a realizar actividad física. Incluso en aquellos casos que por razones clínicas, deben incluir el ejercicio físico como una parte integral del tratamiento terapéutico. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la incidencia, prevalencia y severidad de las lesiones deportivas registradas en los protocolos de entrenamiento desarrollados durante el proyecto de Nutrición y Actividad Física para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad (PRONAF). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se evaluó el efecto y el grado de asociación entre la incidencia de lesión y la composición corporal, el sexo o el protocolo de entrenamiento. Por otro lado, se observó la localización anatómica más común de las lesiones en cada una de las fases. Por último, se propuso una ecuación para estimar el riesgo de lesión en sujetos en sobrepeso y obesidad, antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicio controlado. Un total de 167 adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad sanos (77 hombres, 90 mujeres) fueron evaluados durante el proyecto mediante un registro de lesiones previamente validado. Los principales resultados de este trabajo mostraron que un 47,3% de los participantes sufrió, al menos, una lesión o dolencia durante el programa de intervención, observando una incidencia de 1,22 lesiones por cada 100 horas de entrenamiento. No obstante, se observó que el 80,2% de las lesiones fueron menores (de 1 a 7 días). La rodilla fue la localización que mayor proporción de lesiones registró durante la intervención. Por otro lado, no se observaron asociaciones significativas entre la fase de sobrepeso y la fase de obesidad, ni entre ser hombre o mujer y sufrir más lesiones durante la intervención. Sin embargo, los protocolos de entrenamiento que incluyen cargas, mostraron hasta cinco veces más riesgo de sufrir una lesión que el protocolo que no las incluyó. Por último, se propuso una ecuación para predecir la influencia de las variables fase, lesión previa, protocolo de entrenamiento, sexo y edad para predecir el riesgo de lesión en una población con sobrepeso y obesidad que incluya los protocolos de entrenamiento propuestos en el proyecto PRONAF. ABSTRACT The practice of physical activity and sport has indisputable signs on his relationship with a good health, both mental and physical. However, it is true that also risks that may impair the quality of life of the practitioner, one of the most common and important risk of sports injury. However, although they have responded to factors internal and external risks that may affect an athlete, both professional and recreational may suffer an injury, few studies have been conducted to assess the incidence and prevalence of injuries in sedentary people who decide to start training and / or physical activity. Even in those cases for clinical reasons, such as overweight and obesity, should include exercise as an integral part of therapy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, prevalence and severity of sports injuries registered training protocols developed during the project's Nutrition and Physical Activity for the treatment of overweight and obesity (PRONAF). A descriptive analysis was performed and the effect and the degree of association between the incidence of injury and body composition, sex or training protocol was evaluated. Furthermore, the most common anatomical injury location in each of the phases were observed. Finally, an equation for estimating the risk of injury in overweight and obese subjects, before starting a controlled exercise program was proposed A total of 167 healthy adults with overweight and obesity (77 men, 90 women) were evaluated during the project using a previously validated record injuries. The main results of this study showed that 47.3% of participants experienced at least one injury or illness during the intervention program, having an incidence of 1.22 injuries per 100 hours of training. However, it was observed that 80.2% of injuries were lower (1 to 7 days). Knee location was higher proportion of lesions that recorded during the procedure. On the other hand, no significant associations between the phase of overweight and obesity were observed phase or between being male or female and further injury during project. However, training protocols that included loads, showed up to five times the risk of injury to the protocol did not include them. Finally, an equation was proposed to predict the influence of the phase, previous injury, training protocol, sex and age to observe the risk of injury in a population of overweight and obesity with includes the training protocols proposed in the PRONAF project.