Diseño de una infraestructura TIC basada en virtualización

[ES] Las necesidades básicas de las empresas suelen ser las mismas, ya sea una empresa grande que pequeña, la infraestructura sobre la que montan sus procesos de negocio y las aplicaciones para gestionarlos suelen ser casi iguales. Si dividimos la infraestructura TIC de una empresa en hardware, sistema y aplicaciones, podemos ver que en la mayoría de ellas el sistema es casi idéntico. Además, gracias a la virtualización, que ha entrado de manera arrolladora en el mundo de la informática, podemos independizar totalmente el software del hardware, de forma que obtenemos una flexibilidad enorme a la hora de planificar despliegues de infraestructura. Sobre estas dos ideas, uniformidad de sistema e independencia de hardware, son sobre las que se va a desarrollar el siguiente TFG. Para el desarrollo de la primera de ellas se realizará el estudio de la infraestructura básica ( sistema) que cualquier empresa suele tener. Se intentará dar una solución que sea válida para una gran cantidad de empresas de nuestro entorno y se realizará el diseño del mismo. Con la segunda idea desarrollaremos un sistema basado en servicios, que sea lo suficientemente completa para poder dar respuesta a las necesidades vistas pero, a su vez, suficientemente flexible para que el crecimiento en capacidades o servicios se pueda realizar de forma sencilla sin que la estructura del sistema, o sus módulos deban modificarse para realizarlos. Por tanto, vamos a realizar un diseño integral y completa, de forma que será tanto de hardware como de software, haciendo énfasis en la integración de los sistemas y la interrelación entre los distintos elementos de ellos. Se dará, a su vez, la valoración económica del mismo. Por último, y como ejemplo de la flexibilidad del diseño elegido veremos dos modificaciones sobre el diseño original. El primero de ellos será una ampliación para dar mayor seguridad en cuanto a redundancia de almacenamiento y, ya en un paso definitivo, montar un CPD remoto. El segundo de ellos será un diseño de bajo coste, en el que, mantenimiento los mismos servicios, bajaremos el coste del diseño con productos con algo menos de prestaciones, pero manteniendo la solución en conjunto unos altos niveles de calidad y servicio.

Sistema de gestión abierto de cita previa

[ES] Este trabajo consiste en la creación de un sistema de gestión abierto de cita previa, surge de la necesidad del personal de las Administración Tributaria de Canarias que trabajan en las oficinas de atención tributaria de tener un sistema que facilite al contribuyente la forma de gestionar una cita previa para solicitar atención tributaria, además de facilitar al coordinador, la gestión de citas solicitadas por los contribuyentes. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis previo para cubrir todos los requisitos que eran necesarios para que se cubrieran todas las necesidades del sistema y que fuera totalmente escalable. Para el desarrollo del sistema se ha utilizado la plataforma Java EE que dota de todas las herramientas necesarias para la creación de un software de estas características, además de numerosas herramientas que ayudan a la consecución satisfactoria del sistema, como pueden ser Hibernate y Spring. Se ha utilizado un sistema de virtualización para tratar de imitar lo máximo posible la forma de desarrollo que tiene la empresa para que así la integración del sistema sea absoluto, por eso se han utilizado las mismas herramientas que utilizan y la misma estructura de base de datos. Además de las diversas herramientas se han utilizado distintos patrones de diseño para el desarrollo del software como pueden ser: Front Controller, Facade y Data Access Object además del patrón Modelo-Vista-Controlador para la arquitectura de este sistema. La utilización de estos patrones ayuda a que el mantenimiento de este sistema sea mucho más óptimo.

Diseño e instalación de un servicio web de tienda virtual en alta disponibilidad

[ES]Diseño e instalación de un servicio web de tienda virtual en un entorno de computación en clúster para proporcionar alta disponibilidad y balanceo de carga del mencionado servicio. La infraestructura requerida para este despliegue será virtual, utilizándose como plataforma de virtualización KVM. Las tareas se organizan en : 1.Tareas para la creación de un clúster de balanceo de carga donde una máquina será la encargada de recibir las peticiones de los clientes y de redirigirlas a los servidores web según la carga de éstos. 2. Tareas para la creación de un clúster de alta disponibilidad para que en caso de fallo siempre haya un servidor de base de datos que pueda atender a las peticiones de los servidores web.

SDN e sperimentazioni di VM migration

Le nuove teorie di rete come Software Defined Networking Network Function Virtualization, insieme alle teorie Cognitive/Autonomics consentono di abilitare scenari futuri “disruptive” di rete. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di esplorare questi scenari futuri e di capire il ruolo della migrazione di funzioni di rete, sotto forma di Virtual Machine. Si vuole affrontare la migrazione di Virtual Machine dal punto di vista delle performance, ma anche come strumento di gestione delle risorse in uno scenario di rete d'accesso autonomica.

Many-Core Architectures: Hardware-Software Optimization and Modeling Techniques

During the last few decades an unprecedented technological growth has been at the center of the embedded systems design paramount, with Moore’s Law being the leading factor of this trend. Today in fact an ever increasing number of cores can be integrated on the same die, marking the transition from state-of-the-art multi-core chips to the new many-core design paradigm. Despite the extraordinarily high computing power, the complexity of many-core chips opens the door to several challenges. As a result of the increased silicon density of modern Systems-on-a-Chip (SoC), the design space exploration needed to find the best design has exploded and hardware designers are in fact facing the problem of a huge design space. Virtual Platforms have always been used to enable hardware-software co-design, but today they are facing with the huge complexity of both hardware and software systems. In this thesis two different research works on Virtual Platforms are presented: the first one is intended for the hardware developer, to easily allow complex cycle accurate simulations of many-core SoCs. The second work exploits the parallel computing power of off-the-shelf General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs), with the goal of an increased simulation speed. The term Virtualization can be used in the context of many-core systems not only to refer to the aforementioned hardware emulation tools (Virtual Platforms), but also for two other main purposes: 1) to help the programmer to achieve the maximum possible performance of an application, by hiding the complexity of the underlying hardware. 2) to efficiently exploit the high parallel hardware of many-core chips in environments with multiple active Virtual Machines. This thesis is focused on virtualization techniques with the goal to mitigate, and overtake when possible, some of the challenges introduced by the many-core design paradigm.

Un Laboratorio Virtuale distribuito per il test di applicazioni

In questo elaborato andremo a descrivere, sia a livello strutturale che implementativo, il progetto sperimentale da noi ideato volto alla creazione di un laboratorio virtuale di testing. Lo scopo principale del laboratorio è appunto quello di delocalizzare la fase preliminare di testing di un'applicazione; nel nostro caso specifico siamo partiti dallo scenario riguardante la rete ferroviaria ed abbiamo preso in esame il software utilizzato per la gestione del traffico. Il vincolo principale che grava su questo progetto è che l'applicazione da collaudare non deve minimamente essere modificata, e ciò significa che occorre creare intorno ad essa un ambiente di testing conforme alle caratteristiche in cui il software si aspetta di operare. Ed è qui che entra in gioco la virtualizzazione.

Composizione dinamica di funzioni di rete virtuali in ambienti cloud

Questo documento si interroga sulle nuove possibilità offerte agli operatori del mondo delle Reti di Telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Network Functions Virtualization, Cloud Computing e Software Defined Networking: questi sono nuovi approcci che permettono la creazione di reti dinamiche e altamente programmabili, senza disdegnare troppo il lato prestazionale. L'intento finale è valutare se con un approccio di questo genere si possano implementare dinamicamente delle concatenazioni di servizi di rete e se le prestazioni finali rispecchiano ciò che viene teorizzato dai suddetti paradigmi. Tutto ciò viene valutato per cercare una soluzione efficace al problema dell'ossificazione di Internet: infatti le applicazioni di rete, dette middle-boxes, comportano costi elevati, situazioni di dipendenza dal vendor e staticità delle reti stesse, portando all'impossibilità per i providers di sviluppare nuovi servizi. Il caso di studio si basa proprio su una rete che implementa questi nuovi paradigmi: si farà infatti riferimento a due diverse topologie, una relativa al Livello L2 del modello OSI (cioè lo strato di collegamento) e una al Livello L3 (strato di rete). Le misure effettuate infine mostrano come le potenzialità teorizzate siano decisamente interessanti e innovative, aprendo un ventaglio di infinite possibilità per il futuro sviluppo di questo settore.

Elastic computing on Cloud resources for the CMS experiment

Nowadays, data handling and data analysis in High Energy Physics requires a vast amount of computational power and storage. In particular, the world-wide LHC Com- puting Grid (LCG), an infrastructure and pool of services developed and deployed by a ample community of physicists and computer scientists, has demonstrated to be a game changer in the efficiency of data analyses during Run-I at the LHC, playing a crucial role in the Higgs boson discovery. Recently, the Cloud computing paradigm is emerging and reaching a considerable adoption level by many different scientific organizations and not only. Cloud allows to access and utilize not-owned large computing resources shared among many scientific communities. Considering the challenging requirements of LHC physics in Run-II and beyond, the LHC computing community is interested in exploring Clouds and see whether they can provide a complementary approach - or even a valid alternative - to the existing technological solutions based on Grid. In the LHC community, several experiments have been adopting Cloud approaches, and in particular the experience of the CMS experiment is of relevance to this thesis. The LHC Run-II has just started, and Cloud-based solutions are already in production for CMS. However, other approaches of Cloud usage are being thought of and are at the prototype level, as the work done in this thesis. This effort is of paramount importance to be able to equip CMS with the capability to elastically and flexibly access and utilize the computing resources needed to face the challenges of Run-III and Run-IV. The main purpose of this thesis is to present forefront Cloud approaches that allow the CMS experiment to extend to on-demand resources dynamically allocated as needed. Moreover, a direct access to Cloud resources is presented as suitable use case to face up with the CMS experiment needs. Chapter 1 presents an overview of High Energy Physics at the LHC and of the CMS experience in Run-I, as well as preparation for Run-II. Chapter 2 describes the current CMS Computing Model, and Chapter 3 provides Cloud approaches pursued and used within the CMS Collaboration. Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 discuss the original and forefront work done in this thesis to develop and test working prototypes of elastic extensions of CMS computing resources on Clouds, and HEP Computing “as a Service”. The impact of such work on a benchmark CMS physics use-cases is also demonstrated.

Virtualizzazione di funzioni di rete su piattaforme per cloud computing

Questo documento affronta le novità ed i vantaggi introdotti nel mondo delle reti di telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Software Defined Networking e Network Functions Virtualization, affrontandone prima gli aspetti teorici, per poi applicarne i concetti nella pratica, tramite casi di studio gradualmente più complessi. Tali innovazioni rappresentano un'evoluzione dell'architettura delle reti predisposte alla presenza di più utenti connessi alle risorse da esse offerte, trovando quindi applicazione soprattutto nell'emergente ambiente di Cloud Computing e realizzando in questo modo reti altamente dinamiche e programmabili, tramite la virtualizzazione dei servizi di rete richiesti per l'ottimizzazione dell'utilizzo di risorse. Motivo di tale lavoro è la ricerca di soluzioni ai problemi di staticità e dipendenza, dai fornitori dei nodi intermedi, della rete Internet, i maggiori ostacoli per lo sviluppo delle architetture Cloud. L'obiettivo principale dello studio presentato in questo documento è quello di valutare l'effettiva convenienza dell'applicazione di tali paradigmi nella creazione di reti, controllando in questo modo che le promesse di aumento di autonomia e dinamismo vengano rispettate. Tale scopo viene perseguito attraverso l'implementazione di entrambi i paradigmi SDN e NFV nelle sperimentazioni effettuate sulle reti di livello L2 ed L3 del modello OSI. Il risultato ottenuto da tali casi di studio è infine un'interessante conferma dei vantaggi presentati durante lo studio teorico delle innovazioni in analisi, rendendo esse una possibile soluzione futura alle problematiche attuali delle reti.

Piano di controllo SDN per la composizione dinamica di funzioni di rete virtuali

Il documento analizza i vantaggi introdotti nel mondo delle telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Software Defined Networking e Network Functions Virtualization: questi nuovi approcci permettono di creare reti programmabili e dinamiche, mantenendo alte le prestazioni. L’obiettivo finale è quello di capire se tramite la generalizzazione del codice del controller SDN , il dispositivo programmabile che permette di gestire gli switch OpenFlow, e la virtualizzazione delle reti, si possa risolvere il problema dell’ossificazione della rete Internet.

Memory resource balancing for virtualized computing

Virtualization has become a common abstraction layer in modern data centers. By multiplexing hardware resources into multiple virtual machines (VMs) and thus enabling several operating systems to run on the same physical platform simultaneously, it can effectively reduce power consumption and building size or improve security by isolating VMs. In a virtualized system, memory resource management plays a critical role in achieving high resource utilization and performance. Insufficient memory allocation to a VM will degrade its performance dramatically. On the contrary, over-allocation causes waste of memory resources. Meanwhile, a VM’s memory demand may vary significantly. As a result, effective memory resource management calls for a dynamic memory balancer, which, ideally, can adjust memory allocation in a timely manner for each VM based on their current memory demand and thus achieve the best memory utilization and the optimal overall performance. In order to estimate the memory demand of each VM and to arbitrate possible memory resource contention, a widely proposed approach is to construct an LRU-based miss ratio curve (MRC), which provides not only the current working set size (WSS) but also the correlation between performance and the target memory allocation size. Unfortunately, the cost of constructing an MRC is nontrivial. In this dissertation, we first present a low overhead LRU-based memory demand tracking scheme, which includes three orthogonal optimizations: AVL-based LRU organization, dynamic hot set sizing and intermittent memory tracking. Our evaluation results show that, for the whole SPEC CPU 2006 benchmark suite, after applying the three optimizing techniques, the mean overhead of MRC construction is lowered from 173% to only 2%. Based on current WSS, we then predict its trend in the near future and take different strategies for different prediction results. When there is a sufficient amount of physical memory on the host, it locally balances its memory resource for the VMs. Once the local memory resource is insufficient and the memory pressure is predicted to sustain for a sufficiently long time, a relatively expensive solution, VM live migration, is used to move one or more VMs from the hot host to other host(s). Finally, for transient memory pressure, a remote cache is used to alleviate the temporary performance penalty. Our experimental results show that this design achieves 49% center-wide speedup.

ICOMF: Towards a Multi-cloud Ecosystem for Dynamic Resource Composition and Scaling

Modern cloud-based applications and infrastructures may include resources and services (components) from multiple cloud providers, are heterogeneous by nature and require adjustment, composition and integration. The specific application requirements can be met with difficulty by the current static predefined cloud integration architectures and models. In this paper, we propose the Intercloud Operations and Management Framework (ICOMF) as part of the more general Intercloud Architecture Framework (ICAF) that provides a basis for building and operating a dynamically manageable multi-provider cloud ecosystem. The proposed ICOMF enables dynamic resource composition and decomposition, with a main focus on translating business models and objectives to cloud services ensembles. Our model is user-centric and focuses on the specific application execution requirements, by leveraging incubating virtualization techniques. From a cloud provider perspective, the ecosystem provides more insight into how to best customize the offerings of virtualized resources.

Virtual Infrastructures as a Service enabling Converged Optical Networks and Data Centres

Abstract Cloud computing service emerged as an essential component of the Enterprise {IT} infrastructure. Migration towards a full range and large-scale convergence of Cloud and network services has become the current trend for addressing requirements of the Cloud environment. Our approach takes the infrastructure as a service paradigm to build converged virtual infrastructures, which allow offering tailored performance and enable multi-tenancy over a common physical infrastructure. Thanks to virtualization, new exploitation activities of the physical infrastructures may arise for both transport network and Data Centres services. This approach makes network and Data Centres’ resources dedicated to Cloud Computing to converge on the same flexible and scalable level. The work presented here is based on the automation of the virtual infrastructure provisioning service. On top of the virtual infrastructures, a coordinated operation and control of the different resources is performed with the objective of automatically tailoring connectivity services to the Cloud service dynamics. Furthermore, in order to support elasticity of the Cloud services through the optical network, dynamic re-planning features have been provided to the virtual infrastructure service, which allows scaling up or down existing virtual infrastructures to optimize resource utilisation and dynamically adapt to users’ demands. Thus, the dynamic re-planning of the service becomes key component for the coordination of Cloud and optical network resource in an optimal way in terms of resource utilisation. The presented work is complemented with a use case of the virtual infrastructure service being adopted in a distributed Enterprise Information System, that scales up and down as a function of the application requests.

Critical Issues of Centralized and Cloudified LTE-FDD Radio Access Networks

Cloudification of the Centralized-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) in which signal processing runs on general purpose processors inside virtual machines has lately received significant attention. Due to short deadlines in the LTE Frequency Division Duplex access method, processing time fluctuations introduced by the virtualization process have a deep impact on C-RAN performance. This paper evaluates bottlenecks of the OpenAirInterface (OAI is an open-source software-based implementation of LTE) cloud performance, provides feasibility studies on C-RAN execution, and introduces a cloud architecture that significantly reduces the encountered execution problems. In typical cloud environments, the OAI processing time deadlines cannot be guaranteed. Our proposed cloud architecture shows good characteristics for the OAI cloud execution. As an example, in our setup more than 99.5% processed LTE subframes reach reasonable processing deadlines close to performance of a dedicated machine.

Demo -- Closer to Cloud-RAN: RAN as a Service

Commoditization and virtualization of wireless networks are changing the economics of mobile networks to help network providers (e.g., MNO, MVNO) move from proprietary and bespoke hardware and software platforms toward an open, cost-effective, and flexible cellular ecosystem. In addition, rich and innovative local services can be efficiently created through cloudification by leveraging the existing infrastructure. In this work, we present RANaaS, which is a cloudified radio access network delivered as a service. RANaaS provides the service life-cycle of an ondemand, elastic, and pay as you go 3GPP RAN instantiated on top of the cloud infrastructure. We demonstrate an example of realtime cloudified LTE network deployment using the OpenAirInterface LTE implementation and OpenStack running on commodity hardware as well as the flexibility and performance of the platform developed.