Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Is Predicted by Measures of Solar Activity.

OBJECTIVE: The cause precipitating intracranial aneurysm rupture remains unknown in many cases. It has been observed that aneurysm ruptures are clustered in time, but the trigger mechanism remains obscure. Because solar activity has been associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, we decided to study its association to aneurysm rupture in the Swiss population. METHODS: Patient data were extracted from the Swiss SOS database, at time of analysis covering 918 consecutive patients with angiography-proven aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated at 7 Swiss neurovascular centers between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. The daily rupture frequency (RF) was correlated to the absolute amount and the change in various parameters of interest representing continuous measurements of solar activity (radioflux [F10.7 index], solar proton flux, solar flare occurrence, planetary K-index/planetary A-index, Space Environment Services Center [SESC] sunspot number and sunspot area) using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: During the period of interest, there were 517 days without recorded aneurysm rupture. There were 398, 139, 27, 12, 1, and 1 days with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ruptures per day. Poisson regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation of F10.7 index and RF (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.006303; standard error (SE) 0.0013201; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003719-1.008894; P < 0.001), according to which every 1-unit increase of the F10.7 index increased the count for an aneurysm to rupture by 0.63%. A likewise statistically significant relationship of both the SESC sunspot number (IRR 1.003413; SE 0.0007913; 95% CI 1.001864-1.004965; P < 0.001) and the sunspot area (IRR 1.000419; SE 0.0000866; 95% CI 1.000249-1.000589; P < 0.001) emerged. All other variables analyzed showed no significant correlation with RF. CONCLUSIONS: We found greater radioflux, SESC sunspot number, and sunspot area to be associated with an increased count of aneurysm rupture. The clinical meaningfulness of this statistical association must be interpreted carefully and future studies are warranted to rule out a type-1 error.

Economic evaluation of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in Spain

To compare the cost and effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) versus combined oral contraception (COC) and progestogens (PROG) in first-line treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of LNG-IUS, COC and PROG was carried out using a Markov model based on clinical data from the literature and expert opinion. The population studied were women with a previous diagnosis of idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding. The analysis was performed from the National Health System perspective, discounting both costs and future effects at 3%. In addition, a sensitivity analysis (univariate and probabilistic) was conducted. RESULTS: The results show that the greater efficacy of LNG-IUS translates into a gain of 1.92 and 3.89 symptom-free months (SFM) after six months of treatment versus COC and PROG, respectively (which represents an increase of 33% and 60% of symptom-free time). Regarding costs, LNG-IUS produces savings of 174.2-309.95 and 230.54-577.61 versus COC and PROG, respectively, after 6 months-5 years. Apart from cost savings and gains in SFM, quality-adjusted life months (QALM) are also favourable to LNG-IUS in all scenarios, with a range of gains between 1 and 2 QALM compared to COC and PROG. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that first-line use of the LNG-IUS is the dominant therapeutic option (less costly and more effective) in comparison with first-line use of COC or PROG for the treatment of DUB in Spain. LNG-IUS as first line is also the option that provides greatest health-related quality of life to patients.

Interprétation des mécanismes de défense et séquences de rupture et résolution de l'alliance thérapeutique en psychothérapie psychodynmaique : une étude exploratoire

Ce travail de recherche vise à explorer le lien entre l'interprétation des mécanismes de défense, élément fondamental de la technique psychanalytique, et l'alliance thérapeutique. Il a été démontré que celle-ci est un prédicteur robuste des résultats en psychothérapie, indépendamment des modalités de traitement et des types de patients. Dans la littérature, quelques liens positifs ont déjà pu être établis entre l'interprétation en général et le développement de l'alliance thérapeutique en psychothérapie psychanalytique. Nous avons choisi de regarder de plus près quelle forme peut prendre ce lien et quelle peut être la valeur de l'interprétation lors des processus de fluctuation de l'alliance thérapeutique qui sont conceptualisés comme séquences de rupture et de résolution de l'alliance. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés aux effets de la concentration des interventions du thérapeute sur l'interprétation des mécanismes de défense déployés par le patient à ces moments-là. Nous avons choisi des patients (n=17) en traitement psychodynamique dans lequel l'alliance thérapeutique, mesurée après chaque séance au moyen de l'Echelle d'alliance aidante (Haq), montrait une séquence de rupture et résolution. Deux séances « contrôle » (5ème et 15èm<>) ont également été sélectionnées. Les interventions du thérapeute ont été examinées et qualifiées à l'aide du 'Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale' et de l'Echelle d'évaluation des mécanismes de défense afin d'identifier parmi elles celles qui portaient sur l'interprétation des mécanismes de défense. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de différences significatives entre les séances de rupture, les séances de résolution et les séances de contrôle en ce qui concerne la fréquence relative des trois grandes catégories d'interventions thérapeutiques, à savoir l'interprétation, le soutien et la définition du cadre. Par contre, comparées aux séances de contrôle, les séances de rupture de l'alliance thérapeutique étaient caractérisées par moins d'interprétations des défenses et particulièrement des défenses « intermédiaires » (essentiellement névrotiques). Les séances de résolution de l'alliance thérapeutique étaient caractérisées par la présence de plus d'interprétations des défenses « intermédiaires ». Ces résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse de l'existence d'un lien entre des éléments spécifiques de la technique utilisés dans le travail clinique et le processus de l'alliance thérapeutique en psychothérapie psychodynamique. Sur la base de la littérature on peut considérer que, en partie au moins, une interprétation précise et faite au moment opportun peut avoir un effet favorable sur l'alliance thérapeutique. Nos résultats indiquent que c'est la concentration des interprétations sur les mécanismes de défense (par rapport à d'autres éléments, comme les pulsions ou l'affect) qui est la plus succeptible d'être associée au développement de l'alliance. Ceci est en accord avec une longue tradition en psvchothérapie psychanalytique qui considère que la mise à jour des motions refoulées est principalement realisée au moyen de la défaite des résistances. Viser en particulier les défenses "intermédiaires" dans ce type de travail peut être vu comme un moyen de réengager le patient dans le processus d'exploration commune auquel les défenses de ce niveau peuvent faire obstacle.

Intracranial Aneurysms: Wall Motion Analysis for Prediction of Rupture.

Intracranial aneurysms are a common pathologic condition with a potential severe complication: rupture. Effective treatment options exist, neurosurgical clipping and endovascular techniques, but guidelines for treatment are unclear and focus mainly on patient age, aneurysm size, and localization. New criteria to define the risk of rupture are needed to refine these guidelines. One potential candidate is aneurysm wall motion, known to be associated with rupture but difficult to detect and quantify. We review what is known about the association between aneurysm wall motion and rupture, which structural changes may explain wall motion patterns, and available imaging techniques able to analyze wall motion.

Les bifurcations du récit interactif: continuité ou rupture?

Ainsi que l'affirmaient les premiers narratologues, le récit est une forme qui transcende les médias et si l'on peut reconnaître ses « avatars » jusque dans les jeux de rôle et les jeux vidéo, alors la confrontation entre narratologie et ludologie peut s'avérer une étape incontournable dans la refondation des concepts de la théorie du récit. Ainsi que l'affirmait récemment Werner Wolf : « une approche intermédiale peut [...] contribuer à éviter les généralisations unilatérales que l'on a pu observer dans les recherches mono-médiales antérieures » en particulier dans les travaux « centrés sur les textes verbaux » (Wolf 2003 : 193, n.t.). En retour, on peut espérer que ce recadrage conceptuel offre un point de vue nouveau sur les phénomènes narratifs, dont l'impact pourrait aller jusqu'à transformer notre appréhension des romans de l'âge baroque jusqu'aux fictions télévisuelles qui dominent le paysage médiatique contemporain. Ce numéro des Cahiers de narratologie est issu d'une journée d'étude qui s'est tenue à l'Université de Lausanne (UNIL) le 14 février 2014. Cette journée était organisée par Raphaël Baroni, Marc Marti, Claire Clivaz et Frédéric Kaplan et elle a bénéficié du soutien de l'EFLE (UNIL), du LADHUL (UNIL), du LIRCES (Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis), du DHLAB (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) et du Réseau romand de narratologie.

Successful embolization of a delayed splenic rupture following trauma in a child.

Delayed rupture of the spleen following trauma is an exceedingly rare phenomenon in children. In the case we have experienced, arterial embolization was successfully performed, surgery was avoided, and functional splenic tissue was preserved. Embolization is of value in the management of blunt splenic injuries in hemodynamically stable children, even after delayed rupture. The exact criteria for its use remain to be established.

Right ventricular rupture due to recurrent mediastinal infection with a closed chest.

Right ventricular (RV) rupture in cases of mediastinitis following cardiac surgery is a rare and dangerous complication. Bleeding from the right ventricle occurs mainly after sternal reopening, due to either iatrogenic manipulation (wire removal, lesions due to wiring maneuvers) or mechanical shearing forces, producing direct injury. We present a case of RV wall perforation due to infection in a recurrent postoperative mediastinitis with a closed chest. The current literature on treatment of postoperative mediastinitis is also reviewed.

Prediction of preeclampsia by means of Doppler flowmetry of uterine artery and flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery

Objective To evaluate the association of Doppler of uterine artery and flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD) in the assessment of placental perfusion and endothelial function to predict preeclampsia. Materials and Methods A total of 91 patients considered as at risk for developing preeclampsia were recruited at the prenatal unit of the authors' institution. All the patients underwent FMD and Doppler of uterine arteries between their 24th and 28th gestational weeks. Calculations of sensitivity and specificity for both isolated and associated methods were performed. Results Nineteen out of the 91 patients developed preeclampsia, while the rest remained normotensive. Doppler flowmetry of uterine arteries with presence of bilateral protodiastolic notch had sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 87.5% for the prediction of preeclampsia. Considering a cutoff value of 6.5%, FMD showed sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 73.6%. In a parallel analysis, as the two methods were associated, sensitivity was 94.2% and specificity, 64.4%. Conclusion The association of Doppler study of uterine arteries and FMD has proved to be an interesting clinical strategy for the prediction of preeclampsia, which may represent a positive impact on prenatal care of patients considered as at high-risk for developing such a condition.

Radiological findings of uterine arteriovenous malformation: a case report of an unusual and life-threatening cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding

Uterine arteriovenous malformations may cause life-threatening abnormal genital bleeding in women at childbearing age. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography is a widely available, noninvasive and excellent diagnostic method. The authors report the case of a patient with history of gestational trophoblastic disease and multiple curettage procedures who developed uterine arteriovenous malformations, with remission of the lesions after treatment with methotrexate.

Spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma: pre- and post-rupture computed tomography evaluation

AbstractEpithelial ovarian tumors are the most common malignant ovarian neoplasms and, in most cases, eventual rupture of such tumors is associated with a surgical procedure. The authors report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma documented by computed tomography, both before and after the event. In such cases, a post-rupture staging tends to be less favorable, compromising the prognosis.

Surgical treatment of hamstring injuries and disorders – the clinical spectrum from chronic tendinopathy to complete rupture

Hamstring muscle injuries and tendon disorders are common, especially in sports. They can be severe and difficult to treat, often resulting in impaired athletic performance and long rehabilitation times. Previous studies considering treatment of these problems are scarce. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of surgery on different types of hamstring muscle injuries and on proximal hamstring tendinopathy. In addition, we wanted to study the typical histopathological findings relating to proximal hamstring tendinopathy. In the study of complete (all three muscles torn) proximal hamstring avulsions (41 patients), our results showed that early operative treatment gives significantly better results than late surgery, and is therefore recommended. Despite this, considerable improvement of symptoms could also be achieved in chronic cases. In the study of partial (one or two muscles torn) proximal hamstring tears (47 patients), we observed that these injuries can cause significant functional deficit and impaired performance in athletes. The main finding was that after surgical repair most of the patients were able to return to their pre-injury level of sports. In the study of distal hamstring tears (18 patients), the results showed that surgical treatment had a good effect in the majority of these cases. In proximal hamstring tendinopathy, the main problem is pain which limits sports. In this study (90 patients), we found that after unsuccessful conservative treatment, surgery was a good treatment option resulting in full return to sports in most cases. In tendinopathic hamstring tendons, the morphological changes of tendinosis were largely identical to those previously described in other common (e.g. Achilles and patellar) tendinopathies. In chronic proximal hamstring avulsions, and also in reoperations, a large defect between distally retracted tendons and the ischial tuberosity may occasionally prevent anatomic reinsertion. We have described a reconstruction method using fascia lata autograft augmentation to be used in these most challenging repairs. This technique was utilized in the treatment of five patients, with encouraging results.

Incidence of uterine post abortion infection at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Is prophylactic antibiotic necessary?

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of pelvic infection after miscarriage undergoing uterine evacuation in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil and to compare with the international literature.METHODS: we reviewed electronic medical records of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre of all patients who underwent uterine evacuation for miscarriage between August 2008 and January 2012 were reviewed. We included all patients submitted to uterine curettage due to abortion and who had outpatient visits for review after the procedure. We calculated emographic and laboratory data of the study population, number needed for treatment (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH).RESULTS: of the 857 revised electronic medical records, 377 patients were subjected to uterine evacuation for miscarriage; 55 cases were lost to follow-up, leaving 322 cases that were classified as not infected abortion on admission. The majority of the population was white (79%); HIV prevalence and positive VDRL was 0.3% and 2%, respectively. By following these 322 cases for a minimum of seven days, it was found that the incidence of post-procedure infection was 1.8% (95% CI 0.8 to 4). The NNT and NNH calculated for 42 months were 63 and 39, respectively.CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-abortion infection between August 2008 to January 2012 was 1.8% (0.8 to 4).