L'usage de faux documents d'identité: situations récurrentes, profil des auteurs et jugements pénaux

Cette étude vise à mesurer les caractéristiques, l'étendue et l'évolution des cas d'usage de faux documents d'identité traités par la police et le système de justice pénale suisse, ainsi qu'à proposer des mesures de prévention spécifiques pour ce délit. La partie empirique repose sur l'analyse de 445 affaires traitées par la police de deux cantons suisses entre 2005 et 2011, ainsi que sur l'analyse de 172 décisions judiciaires concernant ces affaires. L'analyse des dossiers de police est conduite à travers de la grille de lecture du triangle du crime. Cette grille de lecture proposée par l'approche situationnelle en criminologie permet d'établir les profils des auteurs, des faux documents, des situations dans lesquelles ces derniers ont été utilisés, et des gardiens concernés par la fraude documentaire. La période étudiée permet aussi d'évaluer l'influence de l'entrée de la Suisse dans l'espace Schengen sur l'évolution de ce type de délit. De plus, la combinaison de données policières et judiciaires pour un même groupe d'individus permet également d'observer le processus pénal dès la découverte de l'infraction jusqu'à la décision judiciaire, tout en portant une attention spéciale aux taux de condamnations et aux peines imposées. Finalement, ces analyses permettent de proposer des mesures concrètes de prévention situationnelle de la délinquance qui pourraient être mises en place par la police et par certaines institutions privées concernées par la fraude documentaire.

L'usage du narratif dans le Testament de Joseph

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Seventeen innovative studies are collected in this volume which has been produced under the aegis of the Centre for Biblical Studies, University of Manchester, and L'Institut des sciences bibliques, Université de Lausanne. The majority of the studies engage with narrative through providing insightful working examples. Building on the many contributions of recent narratological research, for the most part the studies in this collection avoid the technical language of narratology as they present fresh insights at many levels. Some essays focus more on the implied author, some on the implied reader or hearer, and some on the way particular messages are constructed; some of the studies consider how author, message and reader are all interconnected. There are several creative proposals for refining genre definition, from law and wisdom to gospel and apocryphal writings. Some studies highlight the way in which narratives can contain ethical, religious, and cultural messages. Sensitivity to narrative is also shown by some contributors to expose in intruing ways the redactional processes behind the final form of texts. Students of narrative in the ancient world will find much to consider in this book, and others engaged with literary studies more generally will discover that scholars of the worlds of the Bible and Late Antiquity have much to offer them.

Social rules govern vocal competition in the barn owl

To resolve the share of limited resources, animals often compete through exchange of signals about their relative motivation to compete. When two competitors are similarly motivated, the resolution of conflicts may be achieved in the course of an interactive process. In barn owls, Tyto alba, in which siblings vocally compete during the prolonged absence of parents over access to the next delivered food item, we investigated what governs the decision to leave or enter a contest, and at which level. Siblings alternated periods during which one of the two individuals vocalized more than the other. Individuals followed turn-taking rules to interrupt each other and momentarily dominate the vocal competition. These social rules were weakly sensitive to hunger level and age hierarchy. Hence, the investment in a conflict is determined not only by need and resource-holding potential, but also by social interactions. The use of turn-taking rules governing individual vocal investment has rarely been shown in a competitive context. We hypothesized that these rules would allow individuals to remain alert to one another's motivation while maintaining the cost of vocalizing at the lowest level.

Biased V beta usage in immature thymocytes is independent of DJ beta proximity and pT alpha pairing.

During thymus development, the TCR beta locus rearranges before the TCR alpha locus. Pairing of productively rearranged TCR beta-chains with an invariant pT alpha chain leads to the formation of a pre-TCR and subsequent expansion of immature pre-T cells. Essentially nothing is known about the TCR V beta repertoire in pre-T cells before or after the expression of a pre-TCR. Using intracellular staining, we show here that the TCR V beta repertoire is significantly biased at the earliest developmental stage in which VDJ beta rearrangement has occurred. Moreover (and in contrast to the V(H) repertoire in immature B cells), V beta repertoire biases in immature T cells do not reflect proximity of V beta gene segments to the DJ beta cluster, nor do they depend upon preferential V beta pairing with the pT alpha chain. We conclude that V gene repertoires in developing T and B cells are controlled by partially distinct mechanisms.

Monetary policy rules and financial stress: does financial instability matter for monetary

We examine whether and how main central banks responded to episodes of financial stress over the last three decades. We employ a new methodology for monetary policy rules estimation, which allows for time-varying response coefficients as well as corrects for endogeneity. This flexible framework applied to the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada and Sweden together with a new financial stress dataset developed by the International Monetary Fund allows not only testing whether the central banks responded to financial stress but also detects the periods and type of stress that were the most worrying for monetary authorities and to quantify the intensity of policy response. Our findings suggest that central banks often change policy

Dynamique réflexive et transférabilité des compétences : un usage intégré du e-Portfolio en spécialisation

Dernière étape avant le monde professionnel, un cursus de spécialisation est un lieu de discussion, au carrefour des savoirs et des savoir-faire, permettant aux étudiants d'envisager sous un angle nouveau les contenus enseignés à l'université. Il ne s'agit plus seulement d'acquérir des connaissances mais aussi de développer des compétences transférables à d'autres types d'activité. L'équipe en charge de la spécialisation en Analyse du discours et de la communication publics proposée par la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Lausanne a oeuvré à l'intégration d'un nouvel outil informatique, le e-Portfolio, destiné à faciliter l'expression et la documentation des compétences individuelles développées par l'étudiant lors de son parcours de formation.

Solidarity and uniform rules in bankruptcy problems

The idea of ensuring a guarantee (a minimum amount of the resources) to each agent has recently acquired great relevance, in both social and politi- cal terms. Furthermore, the notion of Solidarity has been treated frequently in redistribution problems to establish that any increment of the resources should be equally distributed taking into account some relevant characteris- tics. In this paper, we combine these two general concepts, guarantee and solidarity, to characterize the uniform rules in bankruptcy problems (Con- strained Equal Awards and Constrained Equal Losses rules). Keywords: Constrained Equal Awards, Constrained Equal Losses, Lower bounds, Bankruptcy problems, Solidarity. JEL classification: C71, D63, D71.