O enigma filosófico da identidade pessoal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A cooperação entre Brasil e Estados Unidos na área de biocombustíveis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do peróxido de hidrogênio e de agentes antioxidantes sobre a rugosidade superficial, a morfologia e a força de adesão do esmalte e da dentina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Escola Normal do Pará e a introdução do ensino das Ciências Naturais no Pará (1870 a 1930)

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar o currículo da Escola Normal do Pará, mais especificamente no que se refere às Ciências Naturais que constaram em sua estrutura, desde 1870 até 1930. Esta instituição foi criada em 1871 com o fim de formar professores para atuarem na instrução primária. Situada em Belém, que era o centro mais urbanizado da região, a Escola Normal estava entre as principais instituições da instrução pública paraense. As Ciências Naturais fizeram parte do primeiro currículo da Escola Normal do Pará, sendo elas a Física e a Química, contudo deixaram de fazer parte em 1874. O retorno das Ciências da Natureza se deu durante a Primeira República, por meio da Física, da Química e da História Natural, as quais se consolidaram ao longo deste período. A pesquisa analisa esta trajetória partindo do pressuposto que o currículo é um artefato social e histórico, sujeito a flutuações e que refletiu e continua a refletir as relações de poder envolvidas nos processos de seleção e transmissão cultural. Outra perspectiva analítica deste estudo considera o currículo como um meio de difusão científica, que também determina os modos que esta deve ocorrer. Sobre a difusão científica, parte-se do princípio que este processo não é simétrico, que os saberes científicos são criados em centros mais fortes e que ao serem difundidos para a periferia tem que interagir com a cultura que os recebe, os quais são conformados e modificados, sendo-lhes agregados valores diferentes dos que possuem nos países de centro. Assim, a pesquisa divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro tem o objetivo de ver o desenvolvimento das Ciências Naturais no currículo do município do Rio de Janeiro, entre 1850 e 1890, que era a sede do governo central e o principal centro difusor de idéias para outras localidades do país, tanto em termos de educação quanto em outras áreas da administração pública. Com isso, analisa-se o desenvolvimento curricular do ensino primário, secundário e normal do Rio, mais especificamente em relação as Ciências Naturais, a partir das Reformas Coutto Ferraz (1854), Leôncio de Carvalho (1879) e Benjamin Constant (1890), as quais determinaram mudanças no currículo e na educação de modo geral. O segundo capítulo faz um resgate do desenvolvimento curricular da instrução pública primária e secundária paraense (1840-1870), isto para ver qual era o cenário curricular da instrução pública as vésperas da criação da Escola Normal, o que permite perceber e analisar que mudanças foram introduzidas por esta instituição neste contexto. O terceiro capítulo, num primeiro momento, revê a trajetória da Escola Normal do Pará e, num segundo momento, analisa-se o desenvolvimento do currículo normalista do Pará em relação as Ciências Naturais, de modo que é evidenciado a emergência e solidificação dos saberes científicos, tal como a distribuição de carga-horária em relação aos outros saberes e as próprias ciências constituintes do currículo.

Nonlinear dynamical analysis of an aeroelastic system with multi-segmented moment in the pitch degree-of-freedom

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Samba em fascículos: vertentes do gênero na coleção História da Música Popular Brasileira em tempos de consolidação da indústria cultural brasileira

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Documento, poder e governo: os agenciamentos políticos na construção patrimonial no Arquivo Central do IPHAN/Seção Rio de Janeiro

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Evaluation of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for spinal cord lesion in correlation with the moment of intervention

Study design: Experimental, controlled, animal study. Objectives: To evaluate the functional effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy administered shortly, one day after, and no intervention (control) in standardized experimental spinal cord lesions in Wistar rats. Setting: Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: In all, 30 Wistar rats with spinal cord lesions were divided into three groups: one group was submitted to hyperbaric oxygen therapy beginning half an hour after the lesion and with a total of 10 one-hour sessions, one session per day, at 2 atm; the second received the same treatment, but beginning on the day after the lesion; and the third received no treatment (control). The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scales were used for functional evaluation on the second day after the lesion and then weekly, until being killed 1 month later. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in the functional analysis on the second day after the lesion. There was no functional difference comparing Groups 1 and 2 (treated shortly after or one day after) in any evaluation moment. On the 7th day, as well as on the 21st and 28th postoperative days, the evaluation showed that Groups 1 and 2 performed significantly better than the control group (receiving no therapy). Conclusion: Hyperbaric chamber therapy is beneficial in the functional recovery of spinal cord lesions in rats, if it is first administered just after spinal cord injury or within 24 h. Spinal Cord (2012) 50, 502-506; doi: 10.1038/sc.2012.16; published online 6 March 2012

Seismic sequences analysis for estimation of earthquake source parameters: corner frequency, stress drop, and seismic moment observations

The present study has been carried out with the following objectives: i) To investigate the attributes of source parameters of local and regional earthquakes; ii) To estimate, as accurately as possible, M0, fc, Δσ and their standard errors to infer their relationship with source size; iii) To quantify high-frequency earthquake ground motion and to study the source scaling. This work is based on observational data of micro, small and moderate -earthquakes for three selected seismic sequences, namely Parkfield (CA, USA), Maule (Chile) and Ferrara (Italy). For the Parkfield seismic sequence (CA), a data set of 757 (42 clusters) repeating micro-earthquakes (0 ≤ MW ≤ 2), collected using borehole High Resolution Seismic Network (HRSN), have been analyzed and interpreted. We used the coda methodology to compute spectral ratios to obtain accurate values of fc , Δσ, and M0 for three target clusters (San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Hawaii) of our data. We also performed a general regression on peak ground velocities to obtain reliable seismic spectra of all earthquakes. For the Maule seismic sequence, a data set of 172 aftershocks of the 2010 MW 8.8 earthquake (3.7 ≤ MW ≤ 6.2), recorded by more than 100 temporary broadband stations, have been analyzed and interpreted to quantify high-frequency earthquake ground motion in this subduction zone. We completely calibrated the excitation and attenuation of the ground motion in Central Chile. For the Ferrara sequence, we calculated moment tensor solutions for 20 events from MW 5.63 (the largest main event occurred on May 20 2012), down to MW 3.2 by a 1-D velocity model for the crust beneath the Pianura Padana, using all the geophysical and geological information available for the area. The PADANIA model allowed a numerical study on the characteristics of the ground motion in the thick sediments of the flood plain.

The role of central hypersensitivity in the determination of intradiscal mechanical hyperalgesia in discogenic pain

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between central hypersensitivity (assessed by pressure pain thresholds of uninjured tissues) and intradiscal pain threshold during discography. The secondary aim was to test the hypothesis that peripheral noxious stimulation dynamically modulates central hypersensitivity. PATIENTS: Twenty-four patients with positive provocation discography were tested for central hypersensitivity by pressure algometry before and after the intervention with assessments of pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds. Intradiscal pain threshold was assessed by measuring intradiscal pressure at the moment of pain provocation during discography. Correlation analyses between intradiscal pain threshold and pressure algometry were made. For the secondary aim, pressure algometry data before and after discography were compared. RESULTS: Significant correlation with intradiscal pain threshold was found for pressure pain detection threshold at the toe (regression coefficient: 0.03, P = 0.05) and pressure pain tolerance thresholds at the nonpainful point at the back (0.02, P = 0.024). Tolerance threshold at the toe was a significant predictor for intradiscal pain threshold only in multiple linear regression (0.036, P = 0.027). Detection as well as tolerance thresholds significantly decreased after discography at the painful and the nonpainful point at the back, but not at the toe. CONCLUSIONS: Central hypersensitivity may influence intradiscal pain threshold, but with a modest quantitative impact. The diagnostic value of provocation discography is therefore not substantially impaired. Regional, but not generalized central hypersensitivity is dynamically modulated by ongoing peripheral nociceptive input.

The Politics of Purchasing Power: Feminist Tourism and Women's Development in Nepal

My purpose in this essay is to explore how ideas about women and development are created and circulated at the moment of consumption of wares produced at a women's development project in Nepal. I analyze the project as an example of the ways that women's development is an object of material and discursive consumption. Artifacts produced and sold by Nepali women, and purchased by tourists from the "first world," become part of an international exchange of power, money, and meaning. Based on a survey of consumers and ethnographic observations, I conclude that feminist tourists forge relations with disempowered "Others" through the pleasurable activity of an alienated market transaction. Consumers of crafts produced at a women's development project assume a position of empowerment and enlightenment, ready to help out their "women" counterparts through their support of an enterprise with circular logic: within the industry of development (although not necessarily for feminist tourists themselves), at least one of the central projects of development is the development project itself. At the same time, feminist tourists locate themselves outside the oppressive structures and ideologies affecting their "third-world sisters." This is a relation of sympathy and imagined empathy, with no sense of differential location within systems of oppression. They fail to examine or articulate the global link between their own purchasing power and local living conditions of Maithil women; the connection is effectively built out of the discourse.

Scales of Impact: Settlement History and Landscape Change in the Gordion Region, Central Anatolia

The expansion of agriculture in the Near East during the middle Holocene significantly altered the physical landscape. However, the relationship between the scale of agriculture and the magnitude and timing of the environmental impacts is not well known. The Gordion Regional Survey provides a novel dataset to compare settlement density during archaeological periods to rates of environmental disruption. Sediment samples from alluvial cores directly date the environmental disruption, which can be matched to period-specific settlement intensities in the watershed as constructed from archaeological survey ceramics. Degradation rates rose sharply within a millennium of the earliest Chalcolithic occupation. Early Bronze Age (EBA) land use induced the greatest rates of environmental degradation, although settlement density was relatively low on the landscape. The degradation rate subsequently decreased to one-third its early peak by the Iron Age, even as settlement intensity climbed. This trajectory reveals how complex interaction effects can amplify or subdue the responses of the landscape-land use system. Prior to settlement, landscape soil reservoirs were highly vulnerable, easily tipped by early agricultural expansion. Subsequent reduced rates of erosion are tied both to changes in sociopolitical organization and to depletion of the vulnerable soil supply.

The New Electoral Geography of Central Europe

Zarycki studied the political map of Central Europe today on the basis of results of recent parliamentary and/or presidential elections in the Czech Republic, Hungary, L8ithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. He identified first the structure of regional political cleavages, then the spatial patterns emerging in different countries. He also considered the significance and eventual regional differentiation of various possible influences on these patterns, including urbanisation, historical heritage, ethnic factors, population movements, economic differentiation, the effects of the transformation, demographic factors, education and religion. Virtually all the countries showed a cleavage between more traditional, anti (or non-) communist regions and secular areas with higher post-communist support. Except in Ukraine and the Czech Republic, the post-communist party is dominated by the direct heirs of the former communist parties transformed into moderate left parties. The second major class of cleavages was typical of the Visegrad countries, i.e. the conflict between liberal, mostly metropolitan, regions and a different periphery, usually with a strong populist or anti-liberal appeal. This usually depends on the existence of a sizeable well-educated class, usually pro-market and pro-Western, and on the resolution of the conflict between post and anti-Communists. The third type of cleavage is based on ethnic factors and is clearest in Lithuania and Slovakia, where there are large ethnic minorities. Of factors influencing political behaviour, the two major ones identified were the historical heritage and urbanisation.

Tracing glacier wastage in the Northern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan/Central Asia) over the last 40 years

The status and dynamics of glaciers are crucial for agriculture in semiarid parts of Central Asia, since river flow is characterized by major runoff in spring and summer, supplied by glacier- and snowmelt. Ideally, this coincides with the critical period of water demand for irrigation. The present study shows a clear trend in glacier retreat between 1963 and 2000 in the Sokoluk watershed, a catchment of the Northern Tien Shan mountain range in Kyrgyzstan. The overall area loss of 28% observed for the period 1963–2000, and a clear acceleration of wastage since the 1980s, correlate with the results of previous studies in other regions of the Tien Shan as well as the Alps. In particular, glaciers smaller than 0.5 km2 have exhibited this phenomenon most starkly. While they registered a medium decrease of only 9.1% for 1963–1986, they lost 41.5% of their surface area between 1986 and 2000. Furthermore, a general increase in the minimum glacier elevation of 78 m has been observed over the last three decades. This corresponds to about one-third of the entire retreat of the minimum glacier elevation in the Northern Tien Shan since the Little Ice Age maximum.

Neoliberalism, the Third Way and Social Work: the UK experience

For most of the past two decades, the notion that there is no alternative to the market as a basis for organising society has constituted a kind of global 'common sense', accepted not only by the neo-liberal Right but also by social democratic thinkers and politicians, in the form of 'the Third Way'. This paper will critically assess the central claims of neoliberalism in the light of experience in the UK and internationally, evaluate the ways in which Third Way policies are shaping social work in the UK, and in the final section, begin to explore some of the ways in which the anti-capitalist movement which has emerged in recent years might contribute to the development of a new, engaged social work, based on social justice.