Dinâmica populacional do camarão Sicyonia dorsalis (Crustacea: Penaeoidea) no litoral de Cananéia, sul do estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

On the spatial and temporal dependence of CO2 emission on soil properties in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variação da temperatura superficial dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior durante o apertamento dental voluntário com placas interoclusais maxilares de duas diferentes espessuras

Muscle activity has been studied indirectly through analyses of temperature variation in skin surface temperature on the masticatory muscles. These procedure may be an important tool for clinical evaluation and assessment of the evolution of temporomandibular disorders, as well as monitoring the adopted protocol. Thus, its utilization for identified pathological alterations on blood circulation and/or on metabolic activity in subcutaneous tissues, such as the masticatory muscles, is justified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of occlusal splints’ thickness on the variation of surface temperature of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during rest and clenching. It were analyzed 20 symptomatic subjects (10 males and 10 females) selected through the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) questionnaire. Temperature expressed in degrees Celsius (ºC) was measured on the surface of both muscles measured with the aid of a digital thermometer with an infrared radiation reading system. The surface temperature of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles presented significant reduction during teeth clenching in relation to the mandibular rest position. However, there were no significant differences between conditions with and without occlusal splint or between the different thicknesses of splints analyzed. Masticatory muscles showed a considerable similar behavior for both sides, and no significant distinctions were observed between male and female patients.

Índice de estresse hídrico na cultura de cana-de-açúcar, em superfícies irrigadas sobre diferentes exposições e declividades

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Metalosupramoléculas discretas e Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) baseados em íons lantanídeos: design, síntese, caracterização e propriedades

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Termografia digital por infravermelho do escroto e qualidade do sêmen em touros nelore (bos taurus indicus)

Aimed to study the relationship between scrotal temperature on semen quality by use of infrared thermography in Nelore bulls bred extensively. There were scrotal thermography and semen collection. Climatic data were collected by means of globe thermometer. The thermograms of the scrotum were obtained by digital infrared thermography. We carried out ejaculates through electroejaculation for analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. For the data, we used analysis of variance and subsequently applied the Tukey test at 5%. (p <0.05) between animals for sperm vigor, sperm motility between animals and between crops, sperm concentration, total sperm and total viable sperm between groups, between harvests for the scrotum temperatures and climate data. It was concluded that the surface temperatures of the scrotum and climatic factors influence the quality of semen. Thermography is recommended as a complementary test in the evaluation of reproductive bulls.

Relationships of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, air Temperature and Humidity with Tomato Leaf Diffusive Conductance and Temperature

The objective was to study the leaf temperature (LT) and leaf diffusive vapor conductance (gs) responses to temperature, humidity and incident flux density of photosynthetically active photons (PPFD) of tomato plants grown without water restriction in a plastic greenhouse in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The plants were grown in substrate and irrigated daily. The gs was measured using a steady-state null-balance porometer on the abaxial face of the leaves during the daytime. Both leaf surfaces were measured in one day. The PPFD and LT were measured using the porometer. Leaf temperature was determined using an infrared thermometer, and air temperature and humidity were measured using a thermohygrograph. The leaves on the upper layer of the plants had higher gs than the lower layer. The relationship between the gs and PPFD was different for the two layers in the plants. A consistent relationship between the gs and atmospheric water demand was observed only in the lower layer. The LT tended to be lower than the air temperature. The mean value for the gs was 2.88 times higher on the abaxial than adaxial leaf surface.

Relationships of photosynthetic photon flux density, air temperature and humidity with tomato leaf diffusive conductance and temperature

The objective was to study the leaf temperature (LT) and leaf diffusive vapor conductance (gs) responses to temperature, humidity and incident flux density of photosynthetically active photons (PPFD) of tomato plants grown without water restriction in a plastic greenhouse in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The plants were grown in substrate and irrigated daily. The gs was measured using a steady-state null-balance porometer on the abaxial face of the leaves during the daytime. Both leaf surfaces were measured in one day. The PPFD and LT were measured using the porometer. Leaf temperature was determined using an infrared thermometer, and air temperature and humidity were measured using a thermohygrograph. The leaves on the upper layer of the plants had higher gs than the lower layer. The relationship between the gs and PPFD was different for the two layers in the plants. A consistent relationship between the gs and atmospheric water demand was observed only in the lower layer. The LT tended to be lower than the air temperature. The mean value for the gs was 2.88 times higher on the abaxial than adaxial leaf surface.

Genesis of metasomatic sapphirine-corundum-spinel-bearing granulites in Sri Lanka

The goal of the present study is to understand the mechanism of mass transfer, the composition and the role of fluids during crustal metasomatism in high-temperature metamorphic terranes. A well constrained case study, a locality at Rupaha, Sri Lanka was selected. It is located in the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka, which represents a small, but important fragment of the super-continent Gondwana. Excellent exposures of ultramafic rocks, which are embedded in granulites, were found at 10 localities. These provide a unique background for understanding the metasomatic processes. The boundary between the ultramafic and the granulite rocks are lined with metasomatic reaction zones up to 50cm in width. Progressing from the ultramafics to the granulite host rock, three distinct zones with the following mineral assemblages can be distinguished: (1). phlogopite + spinel + sapphirine, (2). spinel + sapphirine and (3). corundum + biotite + plagioclase. In order to assess the P-T-t path, the peak metamorphism and the exhumation history were constrained using different thermobarometers, as well as a diffusion model of garnet zoning. A maximum temperature of 875 ± 20oC (Opx-Cpx thermometer) and at the peak pressure of 9.0 ± 0.1 kbar (Grt-Cpx-Pl-Qtz) was calculated for the silicic granulite. The ultramafic rocks recorded a peak temperature of 840 ± 70oC (Opx-Cpx thermometer) at 9 kbar. Coexisting spinel and sapphirine from the reaction zone yield a temperature of 820 ± 40oC. This is in agreement with the peak-temperatures recorded in the adjacent granulites and ultramafics rocks. The structural concordance of the ultramafic rocks with the siliceous granulite host rock further support the suggestion, that all units have experienced the same peak metamorphism. Diffusion modeling of retrograde zoning in garnets from mafic granulites suggests a three-step cooling history. A maximum cooling rate of 1oC/Ma is estimated during the initial stage of cooling, followed by a cooling rate of ~30oC/Ma. The outermost rims of garnet indicate a slightly slower cooling rate at about 10-15oC/Ma. The sequences of mineral zones, containing a variety of Al-rich, silica undersaturated minerals in the reaction zones separating the ultramafic rocks from the silica-rich rocks can be explained by a diffusion model. This involves the diffusion of Mg from ultramafic rocks across the layers, and K and Si diffuse in opposite direction. Chemical potential of Mg and Si generated continuous monotonic gradient, allowing steady state diffusional transport across the profile. The strong enrichment in Al, and the considerable loss of Si, during the formation of reaction bands can be inferred from isocon diagrams. Some Al was probably added to the reaction zones, while Si was lost. This is most likely due to fluids percolating parallel to the zones at the boundary of the rock units. This study has shown that not only pressure and temperature conditions but most importantly PH2O and the concentration of the chlorine and fluorine in aqueous fluids also control the mass transport in different geological environments.

Il monitoraggio della qualità di vita e dei bisogni di pazienti oncologici e caregiver: il caso ANT

La Fondazione ANT rappresenta una delle più ampie esperienze al mondo di assistenza socio-sanitaria gratuita a domicilio ai malati di tumore, tramite équipe di specialisti costituite da medici, psicologi e infermieri. La patologia oncologica ha un enorme impatto sul benessere dei pazienti. Un modo per raggruppare i diversi sintomi di disagio psicologico è utilizzare il concetto di distress, che sarebbe importante monitorare in modo semplice e veloce. Primo studio: 66 pazienti oncologici (40% uomini; età media 54 anni) in cure palliative domiciliari. Il 79% dei pazienti ha mostrato livelli clinicamente significativi di distress. Il 55% dei partecipanti allo studio ha riportato alti livelli di ansia, e l'81% dei pazienti ha riportato alti livelli di depressione. Dall'analisi delle curve ROC il singolo item del Distress Thermometer, con un cut-off maggiore o uguale a 4, è stato in grado di rilevare il 97% dei soggetti con punteggi clinici di ansia e depressione, quindi può essere utilizzato anche come uno strumento di screening precoce rapido ed affidabile per i disturbi dell'umore. I familiari sono la prima risorsa dei malati di tumore, e l'identificazione dei loro bisogni è utile per individuare chi ha maggiore necessità di aiuto ed in quali aree. Secondo studio: 115 caregiver di pazienti oncologici (37% uomini; età media 52 anni). Di seguito i bisogni più frequenti. Salute psicofisica: “preoccupazioni circa il/la paziente” (72%), ansia (53%) e rabbia (52%). Informazioni: “come prendersi cura del paziente” (64%), “terapie alternative e/o complementari” (64%) e “come gestire lo stress” (57%). Servizi e strutture sanitarie: “un operatore di riferimento”, (65%), “cure infermieristiche a domicilio” (62%), “indicazioni su servizi ospedalieri” (57%), ed “assistenza per caregiver, ad esempio consulenza psicologica” (55%). Il monitoraggio dei bisogni consentirebbe un'ottimizzazione dell'assistenza, prevenendo situazioni che potrebbero compromettere il benessere della famiglia e la qualità dell'assistenza fornita al paziente.

The Effect of Cobalt Upon Current Efficiency in the Electrolysis of Zinc Sulphate Solutions

The detrimental effect of the presence of cobalt upon the current efficiency, in the commercial production of zinc by electrolysis, has been recognized for some time. Most authorities differ upon the maximum amount of cobalt allowable. This is due to the fact that the presence of other impurities either increases or diminishes the detrimental effects of the cobalt. The following tests were made with the object in view of ascertaining the relation, if any, between the amount of cobalt present and the current efficiency during the electrolysis of an otherwise pure zinc sulfate solution. The results obtained from these observations indicate that there is little apparent relation between the cobalt concentration of a given solution of zinc sulfate and the current efficiency that may be obtained on the electrolysis of that solution. For certain cobalt concentrations, however, it was noted that the time factor played an important part.

Global warming in an independent record of the past 130 years

The thermometer-based global surface temperature time series (GST) commands a prominent role in the evidence for global warming, yet this record has considerable uncertainty. An independent record with better geographic coverage would be valuable in understanding recent change in the context of natural variability. We compiled the Paleo Index (PI) from 173 temperature-sensitive proxy time series (corals, ice cores, speleothems, lake and ocean sediments, historical documents). Each series was normalized to produce index values of change relative to a 1901–2000 base period; the index values were then averaged. From 1880 to 1995, the index trends significantly upward, similar to the GST. Smaller-scale aspects of the GST including two warming trends and a warm interval during the 1940s are also observed in the PI. The PI extends to 1730 with 67 records. The upward trend appears to begin in the early 19th century but the year-to-year variability is large and the 1730–1929 trend is small.

Temperature dependence of postmortem MR quantification for soft tissue discrimination.

OBJECTIVES To investigate and correct the temperature dependence of postmortem MR quantification used for soft tissue characterization and differentiation in thoraco-abdominal organs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five postmortem short axis cardiac 3-T MR examinations were quantified using a quantification sequence. Liver, spleen, left ventricular myocardium, pectoralis muscle and subcutaneous fat were analysed in cardiac short axis images to obtain mean T1, T2 and PD tissue values. The core body temperature was measured using a rectally inserted thermometer. The tissue-specific quantitative values were related to the body core temperature. Equations to correct for temperature differences were generated. RESULTS In a 3D plot comprising the combined data of T1, T2 and PD, different organs/tissues could be well differentiated from each other. The quantitative values were influenced by the temperature. T1 in particular exhibited strong temperature dependence. The correction of quantitative values to a temperature of 37 °C resulted in better tissue discrimination. CONCLUSION Postmortem MR quantification is feasible for soft tissue discrimination and characterization of thoraco-abdominal organs. This provides a base for computer-aided diagnosis and detection of tissue lesions. The temperature dependence of the T1 values challenges postmortem MR quantification. Equations to correct for the temperature dependence are provided. KEY POINTS • Postmortem MR quantification is feasible for soft tissue discrimination and characterization • Temperature dependence of the T1 values challenges the MR quantification approach • The results provide the basis for computer-aided postmortem MRI diagnosis • Diagnostic criteria may also be applied for living patients.

Comparison of two fiber-optical temperature measurement systems in magnetic fields up to 9.4 Tesla.

PURPOSE Precise temperature measurements in the magnetic field are indispensable for MR safety studies and for temperature calibration during MR-guided thermotherapy. In this work, the interference of two commonly used fiber-optical temperature measurement systems with the static magnetic field B0 was determined. METHODS Two fiber-optical temperature measurement systems, a GaAs-semiconductor and a phosphorescent phosphor ceramic, were compared for temperature measurements in B0 . The probes and a glass thermometer for reference were placed in an MR-compatible tube phantom within a water bath. Temperature measurements were carried out at three different MR systems covering static magnetic fields up to B0  = 9.4T, and water temperatures were changed between 25°C and 65°C. RESULTS The GaAs-probe significantly underestimated absolute temperatures by an amount related to the square of B0 . A maximum difference of ΔT = -4.6°C was seen at 9.4T. No systematic temperature difference was found with the phosphor ceramic probe. For both systems, the measurements were not dependent on the orientation of the sensor to B0 . CONCLUSION Temperature measurements with the phosphor ceramic probe are immune to magnetic fields up to 9.4T, whereas the GaAs-probes either require a recalibration inside the MR system or a correction based on the square of B0 . Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A thermodynamic model for di-trioctahedral chlorite from experimental and natural data in the system MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. Applications to P-T sections and geothermometry

We present a new thermodynamic activity-composition model for di-trioctahedral chlorite in the system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O that is based on the Holland–Powell internally consistent thermodynamic data set. The model is formulated in terms of four linearly independent end-members, which are amesite, clinochlore, daphnite and sudoite. These account for the most important crystal-chemical substitutions in chlorite, the Fe–Mg, Tschermak and di-trioctahedral substitution. The ideal part of end-member activities is modeled with a mixing-on-site formalism, and non-ideality is described by a macroscopic symmetric (regular) formalism. The symmetric interaction parameters were calibrated using a set of 271 published chlorite analyses for which robust independent temperature estimates are available. In addition, adjustment of the standard state thermodynamic properties of sudoite was required to accurately reproduce experimental brackets involving sudoite. This new model was tested by calculating representative P–T sections for metasediments at low temperatures (<400 °C), in particular sudoite and chlorite bearing metapelites from Crete. Comparison between the calculated mineral assemblages and field data shows that the new model is able to predict the coexistence of chlorite and sudoite at low metamorphic temperatures. The predicted lower limit of the chloritoid stability field is also in better agreement with petrological observations. For practical applications to metamorphic and hydrothermal environments, two new semi-empirical chlorite geothermometers named Chl(1) and Chl(2) were calibrated based on the chlorite + quartz + water equilibrium (2 clinochlore + 3 sudoite = 4 amesite + 4 H2O + 7 quartz). The Chl(1) thermometer requires knowledge of the (Fe3+/ΣFe) ratio in chlorite and predicts correct temperatures for a range of redox conditions. The Chl(2) geothermometer which assumes that all iron in chlorite is ferrous has been applied to partially recrystallized detrital chlorite from the Zone houillère in the French Western Alps.