Wear Particle Classifier System Based on an Artificial Neural Network

This paper describes a method of identifying morphological attributes that classify wear particles in relation to the wear process from which they originate and permit the automatic identification without human expertise. The method is based on the use of Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) for analysis of specific types of microscopic wear particles. The classification of the wear particles was performed according to their morphological attributes of size and aspect ratio, among others. (C) 2010 Journal of Mechanical Engineering. All rights reserved.

AO-OIL: um middleware orientado a aspectos baseado em uma arquitetura de referência

Middleware platforms have been widely used as an underlying infrastructure to the development of distributed applications. They provide distribution and heterogeneity transparency and a set of services that ease the construction of distributed applications. Nowadays, the middlewares accommodate an increasing variety of requirements to satisfy distinct application domains. This broad range of application requirements increases the complexity of the middleware, due to the introduction of many cross-cutting concerns in the architecture, which are not properly modularized by traditional programming techniques, resulting in a tangling and spread of theses concerns in the middleware code. The presence of these cross-cutting concerns limits the middleware scalability and aspect-oriented paradigm has been used successfully to improve the modularity, extensibility and customization capabilities of middleware. This work presents AO-OiL, an aspect-oriented (AO) middleware architecture, based on the AO middleware reference architecture. This middleware follows the philosophy that the middleware functionalities must be driven by the application requirements. AO-OiL consists in an AO refactoring of the OiL (Orb in Lua) middleware in order to separate basic and crosscutting concerns. The proposed architecture was implemented in Lua and RE-AspectLua. To evaluate the refactoring impact in the middleware architecture, this paper presents a comparative analysis of performance between AO-OiL and OiL

Métricas de sistemas de middleware orientado a aspectos e Aplicação em um sistema de monitoramento de Poços de Petróleo

Nowadays, there are many aspect-oriented middleware implementations that take advantage of the modularity provided by the aspect oriented paradigm. Although the works always present an assessment of the middleware according to some quality attribute, there is not a specific set of metrics to assess them in a comprehensive way, following various quality attributes. This work aims to propose a suite of metrics for the assessment of aspect-oriented middleware systems at different development stages: design, refactoring, implementation and runtime. The work presents the metrics and how they are applied at each development stage. The suite is composed of metrics associated to static properties (modularity, maintainability, reusability, exibility, complexity, stability, and size) and dynamic properties (performance and memory consumption). Such metrics are based on existing assessment approaches of object-oriented and aspect-oriented systems. The proposed metrics are used in the context of OiL (Orb in Lua), a middleware based on CORBA and implemented in Lua, and AO-OiL, the refactoring of OIL that follows a reference architecture for aspect-oriented middleware systems. The case study performed in OiL and AO-OiL is a system for monitoring of oil wells. This work also presents the CoMeTA-Lua tool to automate the collection of coupling and size metrics in Lua source code

Valor e variações da freqüência fundamental no choro de dor de recém-nascidos

OBJETIVO: estudar o valor da freqüência fundamental e suas variações presentes no choro de dor de recém-nascidos. MÉTODOS: foram gravadas as emissões de 111 recém-nascidos de termo e saudáveis, com idade de 24 a 72 horas durante procedimento da punção venosa periférica. A análise acústica foi realizada por meio dos softwares VOXMETRIA 1.1 com extração do valor da freqüência fundamental e GRAM 5.7 para verificar a ocorrência de variações da freqüência fundamental como quebras, bitonalidade e freqüência hiperaguda. A escala de dor NIPS foi realizada no momento da punção. A análise estatística é descritiva com extração dos valores de média, desvio-padrão e freqüência de ocorrência dos eventos. RESULTADOS: os recém-nascidos apresentaram 100% de suas emissões com variações de freqüência, ou seja, quebras e bitonalidade. A freqüência hiperaguda foi encontrada em 34,2% dos recém-nascidos. CONCLUSÃO: por meio do choro, o recém-nascido comunica sua dor. A emissão de dor do recém-nascido é tensa e estridente, com freqüência fundamental aguda e variações encontradas no traçado espectrográfico, como quebras, bitonalidade e freqüência hiperaguda. Tais características são importantes para chamar a atenção do adulto no pronto atendimento ao recém-nascido e auxiliar na avaliação de dor durante um procedimento.

Development of alpha-SiAlON-SiC ceramic composites by liquid phase sintering

In this work, in situ alpha-SiAlON-SiC ceramic composites were obtained,by, liquid phase sintering, using SiC as reinforcement. Different beta-SiC powder contents (0-20 wt.%), were added to Si3N4-AlN-RE2O3. powder mixtures, and compacted by cold isostatic pressing. The samples were sintered at 1950 degrees C for 1 h, in N-2 atmosphere. Sintered: samples were characterized by relative density, weight loss, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as hardness and fracture toughness were determined by Vickers indentation method. Lattice parameters of the alpha' phase did not considerably change with increase of SiC content. However, morphology, average grain size and aspect ratio of the alpha' phase were considerably changed with increase of the SiC content. These behavior influences significantly the mechanical properties of this hard ceramic composite. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The newborn pain cry: Descriptive acoustic spectrographic analysis

Introduction: Study the characteristics of pain vocal emission of newborns during venepuncture through acoustic analysis and relate it to NIPS pain scale and some variables of the newborns.Methods: Emissions of 111 healthy term newborns were recorded, whose lifetime varied from 24 to 72 h. The acoustic analysis was realized with GRAM 5.7 software verifying the occurrence of tense strangled voice quality, sounds, concentration of acoustic energy, breaks, double harmonic breaks and frequency instability, type of phonation, vocal attack and cough. The NIPS scale was realized during venepuncture and descriptive statistical analysis and correlation through Spearman test.Results: Hundred percent of the emissions had guttural sounds, vowels, hard vocal attack, frequency, breaks, double harmonic breaks and tense strangled voice quality; 34.2% higher fundamental frequency; 62.2% periods of emission absence and 100% occurrence of tracing instability, concentration of acoustic energy, inspiratory and expiratory phonation. The cough occurred in 14.4%. The signs of vocal tract constriction associated with all. The parameters. There was a negative correlation between the higher fundamental frequencies and the weight of newborns and positive correlation between cough and NIPS score.Conclusions: the newborn pain emission is tense and strident, the modifications of frequency and spectrographic tracing and the presence of sounds show laryngeal and vocal tract participation. The smaller the newborn weight, the bigger the presence of higher fundamental frequency with tense strangled voice quality and the bigger the NIPS score, the more frequent the cough. Such characteristics make pain crying peculiar, helping in the evaluation of pain during a procedure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Effect of a single acupuncture treatment on surgical wound healing in dogs: a randomized, single blinded, controlled pilot study

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture on wound healing after soft tissue or orthopaedic surgery in dogs.Methods: 29 dogs were submitted to soft tissue and/or orthopaedic surgeries. Five dogs had two surgical wounds each, so there were totally 34 wounds in the study. All owners received instructions for post operative care as well as antibiotic and pain treatment. The dogs were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Treated dogs received one dry needle acupuncture treatment right after surgery and the control group received no such treatment. A veterinary surgeon that was blinded to the treatment, evaluated the wounds at three and seven days after surgery in regard to oedema (scale 0-3), scabs (yes/no), exudate (yes/no), hematoma (yes/no), dermatitis (yes/no), and aspect of the wound (dry/humid).Results: There was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups in the variables evaluated three and seven days after surgery. However, oedema reduced significantly in the group treated with acupuncture at seven days compared to three days after surgery, possibly due the fact that there was more oedema in the treatment group at day three (although this difference was nor significant between groups).Conclusions: The use of a single acupuncture treatment right after surgery in dogs did not appear to have any beneficial effects in surgical wound healing.

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Ecomorfologia trófica de Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849), Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840 e Mesonauta insignis (Heckel, 1840) (Perciformes:Cichlidae) nas reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável de Amanã e Mamirauá, Amazônia

Os ciclídeos compõem uma das mais diversas famílias de peixes dulcícolas com 1.900 espécies. Espécies como A. heckelii, H. efasciatus e M. insignis são coletados das reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável de Amanã e Mamirauá de acordo com o projeto de manejo sustentável. Para investigar as variações entre as variáveis morfológicas associadas com a alimentação das espécies para as reservas Amanã e Mamirauá no médio Solimões, foi feita uma análise após eliminar o efeito do tamanho corporal. As três espécies formaram diferentes grupos por espécies, por grupos etários e por ambientes. Os principais caracteres para a formação dos grupos foram a largura da boca e comprimento da cabeça. Diferenças entre os juvenis e os adultos nos atributos área relativa do olho e razão-aspecto da nadadeira caudal foram significativas. A composição da dieta indicou que as três espécies estudadas apresentaram uma convergência alimentar por insetos em ambos os ambientes.