A história local e seu lugar na história: histórias ensinadas em Ceará-Mirim

This Researchis about history education and is directed toward the understanding of teacher practices in schools of the basic education in Ceará-Mirim, a city located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Its purpose is to understand the approaching forms of local history in 5ª to 8ª grade classrooms in the light of the recent innovations in the fields of the historiografy and education. The study was done with a view of investigating local history is being taught by teachers, as well as reflecting on the necessary conditions to the accomplishment of a teaching whose know how to make possible to break, on the one hand, with the limits of the narrow `local view`, and, on the other hand, with the globalized view, negating the local particularitities and especifications. Such questions had emerged as the understanding of what local history contents can constitute in a significant component in the production of school historical knowledge in 5ª to 8ª grade classrooms. History education is analyzed, considering the depositions of three teachers of Ceará-Mirim in reagard to its historiography conceptions and history as a school subject. This inquiry is of a qualitative nature and had as a main strategy of data construction from the interviews with the teachers. The analysis indicates the permanence of teacher practices who, even though presenting innovations, bring an implicit value hierarchy where the place or thematic places are not contemplated in the school contents or appear overwhelmed by general history and the Brazilian history, configuring itself as a hierarchical relation to problematic historical ones. Thus the necessity of having historical school knowledge, that considers the local especifications, without, however, ignoring the articulations with other spatial dimensions

São Paulo do Potengi :uma cidade, seu pároco, e suas práticas educativas (1950-1980)

This research work named São Paulo do Potengi RN: a common town to a uncommon movement in the trails of movement of Natal (1950 1980), has the finality to reconstitute an educational defined moment at São Paulo do Potengi, Rio Grande do Norte county by the movement of Natal experience through archdiocese of this town. The central worry came to the learning of educational practicing by usual activities of radiophonic schools, syndicalism education and leadership training which converged to a public power construction of base democracy in order to incorporate a political project of social transformation of reality. We detach the figure of Monsenhor Expedito Sobral de Medeiros who shared his fifty-six strict life and was the majority leadership on the educational and religious practisimes developed there

Educar para o lar, educar para a vida :cultura escolar e modernidade educacional na Escola Doméstica de Natal (1914-1945)

La recherche propose un nouveau regard sur l Institution Scolaire École Doméstica de Natal, en essayant de tenir compte de la multiplicité des auteurs et des pratiques développées à l école qui définissaient le mieux et expliquaient les phénomènes de cette réalité éducative et des rapports avec le temps et le lieu où elle s insérait. Pour ce faire, les concepts de mémoire et culture scolaire ont été fondamentaux pour la compréhension de ces pratiques, parce qu ils ont contribué à notre lecture historique-culturelle de l ensemble d aspects institutionnalisés à l école, comme son curriculum, ses finalités, ses façons d enseigner et d apprendre, ses règles de conduite, ses normes, enfin, ce qui caractérisait son organisation et ses pratiques quotidiennes. C était l École Doméstica de Natal l institution pionnière dans le modèle d éducation féminine au Brésil, nous le reconnaissons en priorité et nous visons à le circonscrire à son indélébile contribution à l Histoire de l Éducation de Rio Grande do Norte. Conçue par un modèle d organisation scolaire européen pour l éducation féminine, l École Doméstica de Natal a été inaugurée en 1914, en ayant comme créateur l intelectuel de Rio Grande do Norte Henrique Castriciano de Souza. Sa singularité, s opposant aux écoles féminines existantes au Rio Grande do Norte et au Brésil en ce temps-là, était dû au modèle scolaire adopté, qui appuyait sur la formation d une femme préparée à répondre aux aspirations modernes surgissant avec l avènement de la République. Ce contexte exigeait de l école la formation d un modèle de femme dans les aspects moral, physique, culturel et intelectuel modelés sur les idéaux de l ordre et du progrès. Ce serait une nouvelle méthode d éducation scolaire qui pourrait favoriser la modernisation des anciennes méthodes d enseignement, provoquant le surgissement de modèles qui impliqueraient une nouvelle organisation pédagogique aux écoles de l`État et conduiraient la ville à de nouveaux et hauts paliers de culture et civilité. Avec cela, l école contribuerait à ce que la femme joue un rôle dans la société d une manière plus active, sociale et mieux adaptée. Les mots ordre, nouveau, civilité, moderne et progrès se répandaient et s entrecroisaient avec des valeurs archaïques toujours permanentes et enracinées dans la vision de vie et l idée de monde d alors. Ainsi, on voyait que l École Doméstica était une institution modèle, spécifique dans sa fonction, qui apporterait à la ville et, particulièrement au Rio Grande do Norte, des idées de civilité, ordre et progrès

Estudo da funcionalidade de espécies comestíveis do semiárido nordestino e estratégias para sua utilização como ingredientes para fins alimentícios

The Brazilian caatinga is characterized by low annual rainfall and arid soils. Several cactaceae, either native or adapted species, grow in this semi-arid region, including the prickly pear (Opuntia fícus indica) and facheiro ((Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter) which produce underexploited edible fruits. In addition to these species, the algaroba is a leguminous with little studied technological applications and bioactive potential so far. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the physicochemical, bioactive and functional attributes of the prickly pear and facheiro fruit pulps and the algaroba flour. Specifically, this study approaches the physicochemical characterization, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the betalain identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. It is also investigated the DPPH antioxidant capacity and the antienzymatic activities against alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase of water and ethanolic extracts of these food material. In order to address their potential to be used as food ingredients, juice blends prepared with mixtures of cajá and prickly pear, biofilms with facheiro and cereal bars with algaroba flour were elaborated and analyzed. The prickly pear fruits presented low acidity and high sugar content when compared to facheiro. The Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter fruits had higher protein and ash content, but the algaroba flour was the species with higher protein and sugar content among all. The algaroba flour also presented outstanding food fiber content, which reveals its potentiality to be used as a natural intestinal regulator. The TPC of water and ethanol extracts ranged from 3.87 to 16.21 mg GAE/100g for algaroba flour, 79.24 to 110.20 GAE/ 100g for prickly pear and 412.23 to 539.14 mg GAE/100g for facheiro. The 70% (w/v) ethanol extract reached the highest DPPH antioxidant activity, which was linearly correlated to its high TPC content. In regard to the enzymatic inhibitory activities, the best performance was observed for the prickly pear extracts which presented a moderate inhibition for both investigated enzymes, but interestingly, no alpha-glucosidase inhibition was observed for facheiro extracts. This work shows, for the first time in the literature, the functional attributes of facheiro fruits, as well as the presence of betacianins and isobetanin in the pulp of this exotic fruit. When it comes to the food products developed here, the sensory attributes that better described the juice blend cajá-prickly pear were sweetness, acidity, color yellow-orange, body, turbidity and cajá flavor. The discriminative test applied for cereal bars produced with and without algaroba revealed that the texture was the only sensory attribute that differed (p<0.05) between these two samples. It was also observed that the addition of facheiro extracts did not influence the visual characteristics of the biofilms. Overall, this work unveils the physicochemical and bioactive attributes of these commercial and technologically underexploited species widely found in the Brazilian caatinga and presents alternatives for their rational use

Uma arquitetura de referência para o desenvolvimento de sistemas interativos multiplataformas

It is increasingly common use of a single computer system using different devices - personal computers, telephones cellular and others - and software platforms - systems graphical user interfaces, Web and other systems. Depending on the technologies involved, different software architectures may be employed. For example, in Web systems, it utilizes architecture client-server - usually extended in three layers. In systems with graphical interfaces, it is common architecture with the style MVC. The use of architectures with different styles hinders the interoperability of systems with multiple platforms. Another aggravating is that often the user interface in each of the devices have structure, appearance and behaviour different on each device, which leads to a low usability. Finally, the user interfaces specific to each of the devices involved, with distinct features and technologies is a job that needs to be done individually and not allow scalability. This study sought to address some of these problems by presenting a reference architecture platform-independent and that allows the user interface can be built from an abstract specification described in the language in the specification of the user interface, the MML. This solution is designed to offer greater interoperability between different platforms, greater consistency between the user interfaces and greater flexibility and scalability for the incorporation of new devices

Avaliação de alguns tratamentos na intoxicação por amônia em bovinos

Para avaliar tratamentos na intoxicação por amônia, 15 novilhos, infundidos com solução de cloreto de amônio, foram distribuídos em três grupos de cinco animais cada e tratados, como: 1 - grupo-controle (C), infundido com solução salina fisiológica (H); 2 - grupo O+H, medicado com aminoácidos do ciclo da ureia (O) e H; 3 - grupo O+F+H, o mesmo protocolo do grupo 2 acrescido de furosemida (F). Os animais foram monitorados, colhendo-se amostras sanguíneas e todo volume urinário. Os tratamentos O+F+H e O+H promoveram melhora clínica pronunciada, em relação ao grupo H, isto é, permaneceram em estação, retornaram o movimento de rúmen e o apetite e recuperaram-se do edema pulmonar mais rapidamente. Observaram-se, nos grupos O+F+H e O+H, teores plasmáticos mais baixos de amônia e lactato-L, urina mais abundante, excreção pela urina de maior quantidade de amônio e ureia, depuração mais intensa de amônia do sangue e pH urinário mais baixo. Concluiu-se que os tratamentos propostos apresentaram ação efetiva principalmente por diminuírem a hiperamonemia, por meio da maior excreção renal de amônio e maior transformação hepática de amônia em ureia

Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of the Cerrado, Brazil

In order to determine the potential of Cerrado plants as sources of antimicrobial activity, the phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts from Virola surinamensis, Qualea grandiflora, Alchornea castaneifolia, Hancornia speciosa and Curatella americana traditionally used in folk medicine are reported. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Avaliação laboratorial do uso de solução salina hipertônica e isotônica e de furosemida no tratamento da intoxicação por amônia em bovinos

Para testar a eficiência de vários tratamentos de intoxicação por amônia em bovinos, foram utilizados 25 garrotes que receberam cloreto de amônio por infusão intravenosa (iv) até o surgimento de quadro convulsivo. em seguida, os animais foram alocados em um dos cinco grupos experimentais e tratados da seguinte forma: 1) controle: infusão (iv) de 300mL de solução salina isotônica (SSI), no decorrer de 4h; 2) infusão (iv) de 30mL kg-1 PV de SSI no decorrer de 4h e administração de 4L de água intraruminal por meio de sonda esofágica (ASE); 3) mesmo tratamento do grupo 2 e dose única (iv) de furosemida (2mg kg-1 PV) (F); 4) injeção (iv) de 5mL kg-1 PV de solução salina hipertônica (SSH) 7,2% nos primeiros 30min, seguida de 20mL kg-1 PV de SSI e 4L de ASE; 5) mesmo tratamento do grupo 4 e dose única de F. No decorrer de 4h após a convulsão, foram determinados os teores plasmáticos de amônia e glicose, ureia, creatinina, potássio e sódio séricos, volume e gravidade específica da urina, e excreção urinária de amônio e ureia. No momento da convulsão, os teores de amônia plasmáticos foram muito altos e idênticos em todos os tratamentos, mas no 120°min, nos grupos tratados com associação de SSH+SSI+ASE (grupos 4 e 5), houve diminuição desse metabólito. O uso de furosemida (grupos 3 e 5) não aumentou a excreção total de urina. A terapia com associação de SSH+SSI+ASE aumentou ainda o volume urinário e a excreção percentual urinária de ureia e amônia durante o período crítico da 1ª hora de tratamento, mas o uso de SSI+ASE (grupos 2 e 3) teve resultados intermediários. A eficiência do tratamento com SSH+SSI+ASE ou SSI+ASE foi superior ao grupo controle. Embora com efeito menor que o observado com SSH+SSI+ASE, a SSI+ASE promoveu melhora no quadro clínico geral e, ao término do experimento, promoveu também uma adequada desintoxicação da amônia.

Reação de cultivares de algodoeiro a Ramularia areola Atk

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Susceptibilidade experimental do Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari Galbadon, 1940 ao Plasmodium vivax Grassi&Feletti, 1890 e Plasmodium falciparum Welch, 1897

A importância do An. nuneztovari como vetor primário de malária já foi comprovado em países da América do Sul como Venezuela, Colômbia e Peru. Na Amazônia brasileira, embora tenha sido encontrado naturalmente infectado com Plasmodium vivax e P. falciparum e em alta densidade, é ainda considerado vetor secundário desta doença. O objetivo deste presente trabalho foi avaliar a susceptibilidade do An. nuneztovari à infecção por plasmódios humanos. Para isso exemplares da geração F1, obtida em laboratório, de An. nuneztovari e An. darlingi (espécie controle) foram alimentados, em alimentador artificial, com sangue de pacientes com diagnóstico inicial de malária causada por P. falciparum, cuja revisão resultou no diagnóstico de infecção mista. Todas as amostras sangüíneas dos pacientes infectaram espécimes das duas espécies, não mostrando diferença significativa entre elas quanto à susceptibilidade. Para detecção de infecção malárica nos mosquitos foi usado o teste ELISA (Enzime – Linked Imunosorbent Assay) cujos resultados foram discordantes do diagnóstico laboratorial, já que o teste detectou infecções pelo P. falciparum, P. vivax VK210 ou P. vivax VK247entre os mosquitos positivos sugerindo que os pacientes apresentavam infecção mista. Também foi observado o curto período de desenvolvimento de oocistos e esporozoítos, de quatro a cinco dias, o que pode ser explicado pela alta temperatura (>30°C) que os mosquitos foram expostos. Assim nossos resultados sugerem possível envolvimento do An nuneztovari na transmissão de malária humana na área estudada e alertam para o papel deste, como possível vetor principal de malária humana na região amazônica brasileira.

Fauna anofélica da cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil: dados atuais e retrospectivos

Relato de coletas de anofelinos realizadas em Belém, Pará, Brasil, de 1995 a 2004, comparando os dados obtidos com os de levantamentos anteriores, feitos a partir da década de 1930. Nesses, vinte espécies haviam sido identificadas: Anopheles albitarsis s.l., An. aquasalis, An. argyritarsis, An. braziliensis, An. darlingi, An. eiseni, An. evansae, An. galvaoi, An. intermedius, An. kompi, An. mediopunctatus, An. nimbus, An. nuneztovari, An. oswaldoi, An. peryassui, An. punctimacula, An. shannoni, An. strodei, An. thomasi e An. triannulatus. Sete (An. argyritarsis, An. eiseni, An. galvaoi, An. kompi, An. nimbus, An. punctimacula e An. thomasi) não são agora registradas. A permanência de tantas outras espécies provavelmente decorre da preservação de áreas de mata no âmbito urbano. Duas delas são consideradas de importância vetorial (An. darlingi e An. aquasalis). Esta última continua sendo a de maior densidade nas coletas (46,26% dos adultos e 99,21% das larvas) e é a única registrada em todos os distritos administrativos. Existe, portanto, risco potencial de transmissão de malária em todo o município.

Bioprospecção em espécies do gênero Sclerolobium sp: busca de agentes quimiopreventivos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth

The aim of this study was to adapt the methodology of electrical conductivity (EC) test and determine the physiological quality of seeds of B. virgilioides. Seeds were separated into three batches according to tegument color (1-yellow, 2-orange, and 3-red/black). The EC test analyzed three quantities of seeds (25, 50 and 100), three volumes of water (25, 50 and 100 mL), and six times of seed imbibition (12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72), at 25 °C with 6 replications. Germination test was employed to compare the results. The EC test allowed the differentiation of batches in three levels of vigor - the same was observed in germination test: batch 1 presented the best seed vigor, followed by batches 2 and 3. The use of 25, 50 or 100 seeds imbibed in 50 mL of water for 24 hours is recommended.

Circadian-rhythm of the endopeptidase 22.19 (ec 3.4.22.19) in the rat-brain

The endopeptidase 22.19 (EC 3.4.22.19) has been associated with the metabolism of neuropeptides by its ability to convert small enkephalin-containing peptides (8 to 13 amino acids) into enkephalins. In addition, this enzyme cleaves the Arg8-Arg9 bond of neurotensin and the Phe5-Ser6 bond of bradykinin. We analyzed the circadian variation of endopeptidase 22.19 in the whole and individual areas of the rat brain. Endopeptidase 22.19 activity was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using bradykinin as an operative substrate. Enzymatic specific activities were analyzed by rhythmometric methods and indicate a circadian fluctuation of endopeptidase 22.19 specific activity (mU of enzyme/mg of protein) in the whole brain [p < 0.001, mesor (M) = 7.62, amplitude (A) = 2.89, and acrophase (phi) = 23:08 h], striatum (p < 0.001, M = 2.92, A = 0.62, phi-23:03 h), hypothalamus (p < 0.001, M = 3.15, A = 0.86, phi-01:12 h), periaqueductal gray matter (p < 0.005, M = 2.62, A = 0.34, phi = 22:35 h), and cerebellum (p < 0.0 14, M = 4.27, A = 0.88, phi = 17:12 h). The circadian rhythmicity in endopeptidase 22.19 specific activity suggests that light may have an effect on the peptidase activity in whole brain and in areas of the central nervous system and may be essential for the mechanisms of circadian fluctuations of neuropeptides in the brain.

Improvement of water transport and carotenoid retention during drying of papaya by applying ultrasonic osmotic pretreatment

The effect of ultrasound and osmotic dehydration pretreatments on papaya drying kinetics was investigated. The ultrasound pretreatment was carried out in an ultrasonic bath at 30 A degrees C. The osmotic pretreatment in sucrose solution was carried out in an incubator at 34 A degrees C and agitation of 80 rpm for 210 min. The drying process was conducted in a fixed bed dryer at 70 A degrees C. Experimental data were fitted successfully using the Page model for dried fresh and pretreated fruits, with coefficient of determination greater than 0.9992 and average relative error lower that 14.4 %. The diffusional model was used to describe the moisture transfer, and the effective water diffusivity was identified in the order of 10(-9) m(2) s(-1). It was found that drying rates of osmosed fruits were the lowest due to the presence of infused solutes, while the ultrasound pretreatment contributed to faster drying rates. Evaluation of the dried fruit was performed by means of total carotenoids retention. Ultrasound treatments in distilled water prior to air-drying gave rise to dried papayas with retention of carotenoids in the range 30.4-39.8 % and the ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration of papayas showed carotenoids retention values up to 64.9 %, whereas the dried fruit without pretreatment showed carotenoids retention lower than 24 %.