COMPORTAMENTO IN VITRO DE Chalara paradoxa,AGENTE CAUSAL DA PODRIDÃO-NEGRA DO ABACAXIZEIRO, EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE CULTIVO

RESUMO Na pós-colheita do abacaxizeiro, a podridão-negra é considerada como um dos principais problemas na comercialização dos frutos. A doença é causada pelo fungoChalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc.. Apesar da importância deste patógeno para a cultura, são poucas as informações relacionadas ao estudo do mesmo, com base em características fisiológicas in vitro. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento micelial, a esporulação e a germinação de C. paradoxa, em diferentes condições de cultivo. A partir de placas contendo colônias puras do isolado de C. paradoxa, foram retirados individualmente discos para inoculação em diferentes meios. A incubação das placas foi feita em três diferentes regimes de luminosidade e em três diferentes temperaturas. Para o crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação, as melhores condições de cultivo in vitro de C. paradoxa foram os meios aveia (OA) e batata (PDA) em alternância luminosa a 25°C, os meios batata (PDA) e abacaxi (PJA) no escuro contínuo, na mesma temperatura.

O relevante papel do agente sililante na modificação de superfícies de polímeros

The applicability of the silylant agents of the general formula Y3Si-R-X, depends on the reactivity of Y group (halide or alcoxide) attached to silicon and the organic function X (halide, amine, thiol, cyanide, etc) in the extreme position of the chain. Both groups are linked together by an organic chain R, containing usually three methylene groups. A series of these agents can be covalently bonded to an inorganic matrix, since the available OH groups are distributed on the surface, making silica gel the most common support. However, other inorganic oxides, zeolites, lamellar inorganic phosphates and chrysotile can also have these agents anchored. Some illustration are presented for immobilized surface in the use as extractors of cations from dilute aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, catalysts agents, ionic exchanged materials, support for enzyme immobilization, chromatographic applications, use in some industrial features and in many other areas. The evolution of this exciting research field to produce new materials, for many tecnological applications, is strongly dependent on the development of a sensible systematic process for the synthesis of a series of new specific silylant agents.

O uso de sílica gel organofuncionalizada como agente sequestrante para metais

An overview about the homogeneous and heterogeneous methods of synthesizing silylating agents and applications of the organofunctionalized silica-gel samples was explored. The pendant molecules attached covalently to the inorganic surface displayed important properties to act as sequestrating agents for metals in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. The large variety of basic centres anchored on organic molecules improve the capacity in adsorbing cations. The increase in adsorption is dependent on the number of basic atoms disposed on the pendant molecules on the surface. The combination of acidic and basicity properties favours the selectivity, such is exemplified by the thiol modified silicas towards mercury (II) cations.

Propelente sólido compósito polibutadiênico: I- influência do agente de ligação

In the Brazilian Complete Spacial Mission, the research of Vehicle Satellite Launcher is important. The solid propellant composite used in this vehicle is made with ammonium perchlorate, aluminiun powder and hydroxy terminated polibutadiene resin. In the propellant the bonding agent has a function to promote the interaction between solids and polimeric matrix, improving mechanical properties as stress, strain, aging characteristics and moisture embrittlement. Due its importance in propellant, bonding agent is consider as industrial secret and the literature about it is generic, without greater informations.

Estratégia de simplificação molecular no planejamento racional de fármacos: a descoberta de novo agente cardioativo

In this article are described examples of the successful use of molecular simplification strategy in the discovery of new drugs from bioactive natural products and synthetic compounds. The discovery of a new cardiotonic derivative (37, 2-thienylidene-3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazine; LASSBio-294), efficiently synthesized from Brazilian natural product and structurally designed by molecular simplification of active pyridazinone compounds reported in the literature, is described. A brief description of the pharmacological profile of this new cardiotonic lead-compound, belonging to the N-acylhydrazone (NAH) class, is also reported herein.

Influência do agente precipitante na preparação do óxido de nióbio (V) hidratado pelo método da precipitação em solução homogênea

This work reports the preparation, characterization and study of the ion exchange behavior of hydrous niobium oxide prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The precipitating agent was obtained in aqueous solution by thermal decomposition of urea or ammonium carbonate. The compounds were chemically and physically characterized by X-ray diffractometry, thermal analysis (TG/DTG), surface area measurements and ion exchange behavior with sodium. The materials prepared with ammonium carbonate presented a higher degree of crystallinity and better ion exchange capacity with sodium than materials prepared with urea. In the homogeneous precipitation method, materials were obtained with specific surface area of 123 - 224 m² g-1. A variation of the preparation process produced hydrous niobium oxide with a different degree of hydration and specific surface area. This provided materials with different physico-chemical properties.

Ácidos siálicos: da compreensão do seu envolvimento em processos biológicos ao desenvolvimento de fármacos contra o agente etiológico da gripe

Sialic acids are nine-carbon carbohydrates that occur widely in nature and occupy the terminal portions of some glycoproteins and glycolipids of cell membranes. These carbohydrates are closely involved in cell-cell interactions and in processes such as microbial infection, inflammation, etc. Studies on the participation of sialic acids in biological processes have provided comprehension about their role in the infection by the influenza virus, the causal agent of flu. In this article, we present an overview of the importance of sialic acids in the influenza virus infection and how the knowledge of their involvement in this process has allowed the development of selective and efficient drugs against the virus.

La marca como agente creador de contenido multiplataforma transmedia: la transformación de Red Bull

En els últims anys la comunicació ha evolucionat a causa de la digitalització de la societat i l'aparició de múltiples plataformes socials. Per això, aquesta investigació busca analitzar com ha canviat l'entorn comunicatiu, fins a quins nivells ha afectat això a les marques i als consumidors prenent com a punt central d'aquest projecte la transmedialitat, les seves característiques i les seves funcions. A més, analitzarem tots aquests canvis aplicant els coneixements teòrics a la campanya Red Bull Stratos, que per a molts va marcar un abans i un després en la història del màrqueting de continguts.

Síntese e caracterização de um novo complexo de platina (IV) a partir de seu análogo de platina (II) utilizando iodo molecular como agente oxidante: uma rota sintética interessante para obtenção de novos complexos de platina

In an attempt to reduce toxicity and widen the spectrum of activity of cisplatin and its analogues, much attention has been focused on designing new platinum complexes. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel compounds of the platinum (II) and platinum (IV) containing 2-furoic hydrazide acid and iodide as ligands. Although the prepared compounds do not present the classical structure of biologically active platinum analogues, they could be potentially active or useful as precursors to prepare antitumor platinum complexes. The reported compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, 13C NMR, 195Pt NMR, IR and elemental analyses.

La convergència lingüística: possible retardador del procés de gramaticalització?

En diferents zones d"Hispanoamèrica, la substitució del futur sintètic en -rá (cantaré, lloverá) per la construcció Ir a + Infinitiu (voy a cantar, va a llover) resulta cada vegada més evident (Bauhr, 1989; Troya, 1998; Almeida y Díaz, 1998; Blas Arroyo, 2005; Sedano, 2006). Si bé en les zones peninsulars monolingües aquesta substitució també es percep, sembla que en les zones bilingües on el castellà està en contacte amb el català la tendència és justament la contrària. En aquest article es pretén verificar aquesta tendència tot partint de la hipòtesi que la construcció Ir a + Infinitiu per expressar valors temporals prospectius es fa servir en menor grau, sobretot en els parlants amb el català como a L1. La justificació cal trobar-la en la influència del català sobre el castellà; concretament, en el paradigma verbal particular del català confusió amb el pretèrit perfet perifràstic (vaig cantar) i esforç articulatori i en el fet que Anar a + Infinitiu no ha gramaticalitzat els mateixos valors que el castellà a Ir a + Infinitiu manté els valors etimològics. Per comprovar-ho, ens valdrem del corpus RESOL; un corpus de dades orals constituït per 94 entrevistes semidirigides realitzades a nens de 6º de primària, i novament quan cursaven 1º de la ESO, a escoles de Mataró i de Manlleu. Un cop analitzat el corpus, les dades revelen que, efectivament, en les zones bilingües, els informants amb el català com a L1 tendeixen a utilitzar la forma sintètica en major grau que la forma analítica. En canvi, els parlants que tenen el castellà com a L1 fan servir majoritàriament la perífrasi Ir a + Infinitiu, tot i que aquest ús no es tan profús como en la resta de zones monolingües peninsulars. En definitiva, el fet de tenir el català como a L1 sembla ser un dels factor que condiciona o determina la proliferació de la construcció Ir a + Infinitiu en el castellà parlat a Catalunya, però, alhora, la convergència de diferents factors lingüístics és el que condiciona l"ús particular d"aquesta perífrasi verbal en la zona analitzada.

Preparação de carvão ativado em baixas temperaturas de carbonização a partir de rejeitos de café: utilização de FeCl3 como agente ativante

Ferric chloride as a new activating agent was used to obtain activated carbons from agroindustrial waste. This material was prepared at three temperatures of pyrolysis, 200, 280 and 400 ºC. The carbonaceous materials obtained after the activation processes showed high specific surface areas (BET), with values higher than 900 m² g-1. The materials showed different behaviors in the adsorption of methylene blue dye and reactive red textile dye in water solutions. An important fact in the use of FeCl3 as an activating agent is that the activation temperature is at 280 ºC, well below of those commonly employed in chemical or physical activations described in the literature.

Microencapsulação do agente quelante sulfoxina em microesferas de quitosana preparadas por spray drying como novo adsorvente para íons metálicos

In this work, a new adsorbent was prepared by microencapsulation of sulfoxine into chitosan microspheres by the spray drying technique. The new adsorbent was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis of energy dispersive X-rays. The Cu(II) adsorption was studied as a function of pH, time and concentration. The optimum pH was found to be 6.0. The kinetic and equilibrium data showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model over the entire concentration range. An increase of 8.0% in the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (53.8 mg g-1) was observed as compared to chitosan glutaraldehyde cross-linked microspheres.

Síntese da perovsquita do tipo LaNiO3 através do método dos precursores quelantes usando EDTA: otimização do teor de agente quelante

The perovskites are strategic materials due their catalytic, electronic and magnetic properties. These properties are influenced by the calcination and synthesis conditions. In this work was carried out the synthesis of LaNiO3 perovskite-type by chelating precursor method using EDTA and also was studied the optimization of the EDTA content in the synthesis. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In the optimization of the EDTA content the lowest ratio of metal / EDTA used was 1.0 / 0.1, where it was possible to obtain monophasic perovskite.