Health satisfaction and perceived control : investigating subjective wellbeing homeostasis

Through an investigation of relationships between subjective wellbeing, health satisfaction and perceived control, the thesis contributes to a greater understanding of the psychological adaptation processes of individuals experiencing back pain. Risk factors to subjective wellbeing are also identified, thus presenting opportunities to provide assistance before the onset of psychopathology.

Subjective and objective point of view as metaphor in Mitko Panov’s With Raised Hands

What are we watching here? What is the nature of our discomfort? The point of view established in the opening of With Raised Hands – through the lens of a German camera recording the round-up of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto – uncomfortably implicates us in this act of violence. The subsequent shifts in point of view are also supported by temporal shifts, both of which function at deeper, metaphorical levels to support the developing story.

Strong spiritual engagement and subjective well-being : a naturalistic investigation of the Thaipusam festival

The existence of a positive relationship between spiritual engagement and well-being is currently based on weak correlational evidence, generally in Western contexts. This study advances understanding through a naturalist, longitudinal study of 226 people, including Malays, Chinese, and Indians, experiencing the Hindu Thaipusam festival in Malaysia. We measured the subjective well-being of people with varying levels of engagement—from nonobservance or simply observing the festival to extreme engagement. Each person was assessed 3 months before, 2 weeks before, 2 weeks after, and 4 months after the festival. We found that the subjective well-being of those with the most extreme level of engagement was permanently higher than other groups. The well-being of those with a strong, but less extreme engagement rose at the time of the festival and remained elevated. The findings are discussed in relation to homeostatic theory of well-being and the potential benefits of spiritual engagement.

The role of objective and subjective evaluation in the production and marketing of goats for meat

Objective and subjective evaluations of goats for meat production are related to important determinants of production and profitability. The most important attributes in assessment of goats for market are: live weight; body condition score; and the age of goats. As goats grow, their carcass and body organs increase in weight in proportion to the empty body weight. For farmers and field workers the linear regression approach for estimating carcass weight by measuring live weight is the most suitable as it accounts for 88 to 97% of the variation in carcass, offal and boneless meat weight. Live weight scales or heart girth tapes should be used and the risks and errors associated with these methods are summarized. The proportion of a live goat that is the carcass, known as dressing percentage, increases from 35% to about 50% as goats grow. The usefulness and errors associated with dressing percentage in field estimation are discussed. A valuable subjective method for estimating the nutritional status of goats is the use of body condition scoring as it accounts for 60 to 67% of the variation in live weight change, carcass weight and fat reserves of goats. A method for body condition scoring and a similar fat scoring system are explained. Body condition score is also associated with mortality risk and reproductive performance of goats. The number of permanent incisors in the lower jaw of goats is a method of estimating the age of goats but is biased by differences in live weights of goats. The value and role of ultrasound scanning the carcasses of goats is summarized. For the marketing of kid meat no permanent incisors should have erupted. Other useful practices for the successful marketing of goat meat are discussed including: knowing market specifications and chemical withholding periods; animal health; prevention of bruising; identification of goats; size of consignments; timeliness; provision of paperwork. A checklist is provided. The use of subjective and objective assessment techniques in evaluating goats for meat production will provide the best results. Where only subjective assessment techniques are available they will provide satisfactory performance provided the skills have been learnt and are applied.

Subjective wellbeing homeostasis

This chapter explains the concept of subjective well-being homeostasis. It concerns the proposal that subjective well-being (SWB) is managed by a system of psychological devices which have evolved for this purpose. The chapter begins by presenting some of the psychometric characteristics of SWB and introduces homeostasis as a theoretical construct that can account for these characteristics. This is followed by a discussion of the relationship between SWB and depression. The chapter ends with recommendations for measurement scales.

Effect of subjective reasoning and neurocognition on medication adherence for persons with schizophrenia

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between patients' reasoning about medication adherence and neurocognitive and clinical indices for a treatment-compliant sample of Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Subjective reasoning about medication adherence was assessed by the Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI) scale. General intelligence, executive function, and verbal memory were assessed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, respectively.

Results: Higher prevention scores were associated with lower executive functioning and older age. Influence of others was associated with years of education, medication dosage, and IQ, and medication affinity was associated with education.

Conclusions: These results suggest that executive functioning, education, and general IQ may all be important factors in individual motivation for medication adherence.

Patient use of smartphones to communicate subjective data in clinical trials

Purpose. Various methods have been used in clinical trials to collect time-sensitive subjective responses, including study diaries, telephone interviews, and use of text messaging. However, all of these methods are limited by the uncertainty of when the participants enrolled in the study actually record their responses. This technical note reports on the utility of the BlackBerry smartphone to collect such data and why such a system provides advantages over other methods to report subjective ratings in clinical studies.

Methods. The Centre for Contact Lens Research developed an on-line web-enabled system that permits participants to record and immediately transmit subjective rating scores in numerical form directly into a web-enabled database. This, combined with the utility of BlackBerrys, enabled time-specific e-mail requests to be sent to the study participants and then for that data to be simultaneously transmitted to the web-enabled database. This system has been used in several clinical trials conducted at the Centre for Contact Lens Research, in which data were collected at various times and in several specific locations or environments.

Results. In the clinical trials conducted using this system, participants provided responses on 97.5% of occasions to the requests for data generated by the automated system. When the request was for data on a set date, this method resulted in responses of 84.1% of the time.

Conclusions. The series of clinical trials reported here show the benefits of the utilization of the BlackBerry to collect time- or environment-sensitive data via a web-enabled system.

Subjective wellbeing in children

This research proposed and applied guidelines for the investigation of subjective experience in young children. The results show that children normally experience positive wellbeing, and can reliably report this. However they rely upon adults for the protection and maintenance of subjective wellbeing, until they are cognitively mature enough to do so for themselves.

Effects of subjective evaluation for weekday time use onto time allocation and value of activity time on weekends

This study has formulated a behavioral model of individual activity time allocation on weekends, and has extended it to incorporate the latent determinants of time use decisions during weekdays by using a latent variable model. The ultimate goals in developing this model are to improve the individual weekend activity time allocation model by introducing latent variables, and to estimate the value of activity time of different activity types. We conducted a pilot empirical investigation using a small data set regarding time use and expenditure both for weekdays and weekends, and a few indicators of the latent variables collected from individuals in Yokohama, Japan. The empirical findings suggest that the proposed model is valuable not only for modeling activity time allocation, but also in calculating the value of activity time.