996 resultados para short-wave therapy


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In the Nilo Coelho irrigation scheme, Brazil, the natural vegetation has been replaced by irrigated agriculture, bringing importance for the quantification of the effects on the energy exchanges between the mixed vegetated surfaces and the lower atmosphere. Landsat satellite images and agro-meteorological stations from 1992 to 2011 were used together, for modelling these exchanges. Surface albedo (α0), NDVI and surface temperature (T0) were the basic remote sensing retrieving parameters necessary to calculate the latent heat flux (λE) and the surface resistance to evapotranspiration (rs) on a large scale. The daily net radiation (Rn) was obtained from α0, air temperature (Ta) and short-wave transmissivity (τsw) throughout the slob equation, allowing the quantification of the daily sensible heat flux (H) by residual in the energy balance equation. With a threshold value for rs, it was possible to separate the energy fluxes from crops and natural vegetation. The averaged fractions of Rn partitioned as H and λE, were in average 39 and 67%, respectively. It was observed an increase of the energy used for the evapotranspiration process inside irrigated areas from 51% in 1992 to 80% in 2011, with the ratio λE/Rn presenting an increase of 3 % per year. The tools and models applied in the current research, can subsidize the monitoring of the coupled climate and land use changes effects in irrigation perimeters, being valuable when aiming the sustainability of the irrigated agriculture in the future, avoiding conflicts among different water users. © 2012 SPIE.

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The effects of shading and water sprinkling on physiological responses and milk production were studied in Holstein cows managed in an equatorial semi-arid region. Five cows were observed for 36 days during May and June 2009. We studied the effects of sun, shade, shade plus single sprinkling, shade plus sprinkling every 2. h and shade plus sprinkling every hour on physiological responses, i.e., rectal temperature, coat surface temperature and respiratory rate, and on milk production. Environmental variables, i.e., air temperature, black globe temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, were recorded every 30. min throughout the observation period. The statistical analysis utilized a 5×5 replicated latin square, and the results showed reduced values in physiological variables in cows that were protected from short wave radiation and that received water sprinkling; milk yield increased by approximately 3.5. kg in such animals relative to those not receiving such treatment. However, the milk yield for the morning milking presented similar mean values regardless of whether the animals received shading and sprinkling benefits, which indicates that frequency of sprinkling and amount of time (permanence) in the shade were critical for the effect on milk yield. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Física - IFT

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

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Ostras perlíferas foram encontradas em águas que circundam a parte sul da ilha do Marajó, próxima à confluência dos rios Tocantins e Pará. As conchas das ostras possuem uma camada espessa de conchiolina, que lhes confere qualidades de madrepérola. Um lote de 12 pérolas naturais apresentou as seguintes características: cores variadas do branco rosa ao cinza escuro; tamanhos de 3 a 11 mm; formas esféricas a subesféricas, cilíndricas (algumas cinturadas) a barrocas. Sob irradiação UV de onda longa, duas amostras apresentaram cor azul forte e uma cor azul média. Respectivamente cores azuis mais fracas são obtidas por UV de onda curta. A parte interna da concha da ostra apresenta cor azul fraca, tanto sob irradiação UV de onda longa quanto de onda curta. A superfície externa das pérolas é lisa com brilho nacarado característico, sendo que algumas apresentam um tom metálico dourado. Essa é, provavelmente, a primeira região brasileira mais importante com ocorrência de pérolas naturais atuais, abrindo perspectivas para a produção de pérolas cultivadas em água doce.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)