A obrigação de extraditar para a repressão do terrorismo: a prática brasileira à luz do direito penal transnacional

O combate efetivo ao flagelo secular do terrorismo, ainda que possa se revestir de muitas formas, não prescinde da repressão penal de seus autores. Em vista da maciça internacionalização do terrorismo, a partir do Século XX, a cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal (aí incluída a extradição) consolida-se como instrumento de essencial importância para a repressão do terrorismo pela comunidade internacional, com a vantagem de resguardar o domínio do direito e, por conseguinte, de assegurar a paz e a segurança internacionais. A evolução do tratamento do crime de terrorismo pelo direito penal transnacional influenciada pelo direito da segurança coletiva, especialmente a partir dos atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 exerceu expressivo impacto no direito extradicional. O entendimento desse efeito é fundamental para extrair-se do instituto da extradição todo o seu potencial para a repressão penal do terrorismo. Desde que presentes determinados requisitos, uma conduta de caráter terrorista à luz de parâmetros internacionais gera a obrigação estatal de extraditar ou processar seu autor, mesmo na ausência de tratado. Além disso, a extradição exercida ou não em decorrência de obrigação convencional tem seus princípios afetados pela obrigação internacional de repressão do terrorismo, particularmente no que se refere a questões como extraditabilidade, extradição por crimes políticos e extradição de refugiados. O direito brasileiro apresenta algumas vulnerabilidades para o cumprimento da obrigação aut dedere aut iudicare e a prática judicial brasileira relativa à extradição de acusados de atos de terrorismo poderia reportar-se mais ao direito internacional, com vistas a evitar o risco de violação de obrigações internacionais pelo Brasil.

Los derechos de las niñas, niños y adolescentes en situación de desahucio. El caso de Gipuzkoa

[ES] La crisis económica ha agravado la situación de pobreza y precariedad en las familias españolas y vascas. Ejemplo de ello es el aumento de las familias que han sufrido o están sufriendo un proceso de desahucio. Con esta investigación, además de contextualizar este fenómeno de la pérdida de vivienda, queremos analizar los derechos de la infancia que se vulneran; cómo actúan los distintos agentes encargados de salvaguardar los derechos humanos de las/os menores cuando éstos están inmersos en un proceso de desahucio. En el marco teórico exponemos el fenómeno del desahucio de los derechos de la infancia. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, y para ello nos basaremos en entrevistas en profundidad y semi-estructuradas a diferentes agentes implicados (dos familias que están viviendo un proceso de desahucio, dos abogadas y una trabajadora social). A partir de las conclusiones del estudio, hemos elaborado unas propuestas de mejora de la situación de las y los menores y la defensa de sus derechos.

CAPOEIRANDO EU VOU: cultura, memória, patrimônio e política pública no jogo da capoeira

A pesquisa em questão aborda questões referentes à prática da Capoeira e seus praticantes, a partir dos conceitos de Cultura, Memória, Oralidade e Identidade, e de ações de Políticas Públicas, Políticas Culturais e Salvaguarda. Foi objetivo desse estudo, propor uma discussão sobre a Capoeira, a fim de compreender o contexto sociocultural que a possibilitou se inserir na sociedade brasileira, e compreender como o Estado tem se articulado para atender as demandas de Políticas Públicas para a Capoeira. Observamos que a partir da constituição de 1988 o conceito de Cultura e Bem Cultural no Brasil tem inaugurada uma nova fase. Somente a partir de ações do Ministério da Cultura no início do Séc. XXI, que a Capoeira passará a ser reconhecida como uma manifestação digna de apoio e fomentos por parte do Governo Federal. Para tanto, Programas de fomento são criados e planos de salvaguarda e preservação são instituídos. Tudo com o objetivo de manter, difundir e preservar as tradições, as memórias e a ancestralidade imbuída nessa manifestação que já alcança mais ou menos cento e cinquenta países.

Combating fish disease. An explanation of the controls on notifiable fish diseases in Great Britain and advice on steps to prevent the spread of disease

For many years action has been taken to prevent the introduction and spread of serious fish diseases in Great Britain. In 1993 national rules were replaced by European Union wide rules designed to promote trade within the single market while safeguarding those parts of the Union with a high fish health status - such as this country. This booklet details the checks and controls which are applied to prevent the spread of disease outbreaks in this country. One can see that different rules apply to different diseases, generally reflecting the severity and other characteristics of the disease. The booklet also tries to explain the diseases and helps to recognise symptoms. This booklet is split into three parts: Part 1 gives an overview of the controls; Part 2 gives details for each of the diseases; and Part 3 gives advice on some of the precautions you can take to guard against the spread of disease.

Novas demandas, outros desafios: estudo sobre a implementação da política do patrimônio imaterial no Brasil e seus desdobramentos no processo de inventário, registro e salvaguarda do jongo

A questão do patrimônio vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos, sendo relacionada a temas e universos sociais variados e bastantes distintos. Este trabalho discute um dos aspectos mais recentes das políticas de patrimônio no Brasil, a política de inventário, registro e salvaguarda, instituída pelo Decreto 3.551. A tônica desta pesquisa foi refletir sobre a dinâmica do processo de transformação de determinadas expressões e práticas culturais em "bens patrimoniais", processo caracterizado aqui como a patrimonialização da cultura. O trabalho discute os impasses decorrentes da aplicação e operacionalização da política do patrimônio imaterial tendo como suporte o estudo do processo de inventário, registro e salvaguarda do jongo no Sudeste, realizado pelas equipes de pesquisa do Centro Nacional de Folclore e Cultura Popular CNFCP como parte do Projeto Celebrações e Saberes da Cultura Popular.

Marine cage culture and the environment: twenty-first century science informing a sustainable industry

Technological innovation has made it possible to grow marine finfish in the coastal and open ocean. Along with this opportunity comes environmental risk. As a federal agency charged with stewardship of the nation’s marine resources, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) requires tools to evaluate the benefits and risks that aquaculture poses in the marine environment, to implement policies and regulations which safeguard our marine and coastal ecosystems, and to inform production designs and operational procedures compatible with marine stewardship. There is an opportunity to apply the best available science and globally proven best management practices to regulate and guide a sustainable United States (U.S.) marine finfish farming aquaculture industry. There are strong economic incentives to develop this industry, and doing so in an environmentally responsible way is possible if stakeholders, the public and regulatory agencies have a clear understanding of the relative risks to the environment and the feasible solutions to minimize, manage or eliminate those risks. This report spans many of the environmental challenges that marine finfish aquaculture faces. We believe that it will serve as a useful tool to those interested in and responsible for the industry and safeguarding the health, productivity and resilience of our marine ecosystems. This report aims to provide a comprehensive review of some predominant environmental risks that marine fish cage culture aquaculture, as it is currently conducted, poses in the marine environment and designs and practices now in use to address these environmental risks in the U.S. and elsewhere. Today’s finfish aquaculture industry has learned, adapted and improved to lessen or eliminate impacts to the marine habitats in which it operates. What progress has been made? What has been learned? How have practices changed and what are the results in terms of water quality, benthic, and other environmental effects? To answer these questions we conducted a critical review of the large body of scientific work published since 2000 on the environmental impacts of marine finfish aquaculture around the world. Our report includes results, findings and recommendations from over 420 papers, primarily from peer-reviewed professional journals. This report provides a broad overview of the twenty-first century marine finfish aquaculture industry, with a targeted focus on potential impacts to water quality, sediment chemistry, benthic communities, marine life and sensitive habitats. Other environmental issues including fish health, genetic issues, and feed formulation were beyond the scope of this report and are being addressed in other initiatives and reports. Also absent is detailed information about complex computer simulations that are used to model discharge, assimilation and accumulation of nutrient waste from farms. These tools are instrumental for siting and managing farms, and a comparative analysis of these models is underway by NOAA.

农业经济用水量与我国农业战略节水潜力

在分析我国农业水资源利用现状基础上,从保障粮食安全和最大用水综合效益出发,提出了"农业经济用水量"的概念,分析了其内涵,提出了基于宏观水资源合理配置的"农业经济用水量"研究的理论基础及其相应技术基础,并从战略层面对我国未来可实现的农业经济用水量及其节水潜力进行了初步分析,为缓解我国农业用水与工业用水、生态用水之间的矛盾提供了有益的探索。

南沙群岛工程地质环境分区与珊瑚礁工程地质特性研究

Nansha Islands as sacred territory of China, containing abundant natural resources is the important area of sustaining development of Chinese people. Safeguarding and developing Nansha Islands has become one important part to develop ocean resource of China in 21 century. Engineering geological problems will be faced inevitably in the processes of engineering construction. Coral reef is a new kind of soil and rock and has special engineering characteristics. This doctoral dissertation researches deeply and systematically the regional engineering geology environmental properties and quality, engineering geological characteristics of coral reefs sand on the basis of synthetic analysis of hydrology, climate, geology, geomorphology and engineering field exploration information and combining the experimental data. 1. Put forward the division program of engineering geological environment of Nansha Islands according to the data of hydrology, geology and sediments, and also deeply study the properties of each division. Evaluate the quality of engineering geological environment by fuzzy mathematics and draw the evaluation map of quality of engineering geological environment. The research work provides background support of engineering geological environment to program of resource development in Nansha Islands. 2. Structures of coral reefs have been analyzed. The model of engineering geological zone has been proposed on the basis of geomorphologic zone and combining the strata and ocean dynamic environment. The engineering construction appropriation of each zone is praised. 3. The physical and mechanical properties of coral sands are researched. The results show that coral sands have high void ratio, non-regular shape, easy grain crushing and large compressibility. Shear-expansion takes place only at very low confining pressure and shear-contraction of volumetric strain occurs at higher confining pressure. Internal friction angle decreases with the increasing of confining pressure. The grain crushing property is the main factor influencing the mechanical characteristics. 4. A revised E-ν constitutive model is proposed which considers the change of internal friction angle with confining pressure, and parameter values are also determined. 5. The stability of Yongshu Reef by is analysed for the purpose of serving engineering struction. The process and mechanism of deformation and failure of foundation and slope is analyzed by finite-element method.

Foundations for paramedic practice: a theoretical perspective

Written by leading paramedics and academic subject experts, with a foreword by Paul Bates, this is the first foundation level text to introduce the main theoretical subjects studied on the new higher education paramedic science programmes. It underpins practice and links ways of working to the crucial theory base. The numerous examples and case studies focus specifically on pre-hospital and emergency care. Key topics covered include: * NHS and ambulance service history * Ethics and law for the paramedic * Communication and reflective practice * Professional issues, including evidence-based practice, anti-discriminatory practice, clinical governance and clinical audit * Psychological perspectives on health and ill health * Safeguarding children * Sociological perspectives on health and ill health and social policy * Managing change and leadership theory * Continuing professional development The text prompts you to stop and think about what you have just read and relate this to your role. Throughout the book, the author carefully considers how the theory being discussed relates to the role of the ambulance clinician. Foundations for Paramedic Practice: A Theoretical Perspective is a core text for students of paramedic science and will also provide a valuable resource for students of allied health professions. This text provides a stepping stone to further reading and investigation. - Taken from the back cover of: Amanda Blaber - Foundations for paramedic practice: a theoretical perspective

Managing the risk of parenting

The aim of parents is to enable their children to become autonomous individuals capable of participating fully in the culture in which they live (Korbin 1997). Furthermore, the quality of parenting is reflected in an adult’s ability to recognize and adequately meet a child’s needs in a developmentally and emotionally appropriate manner (Donald & Jureidini 2004).Within contemporary society however, parents are faced with the tensions of providing boundaries whilst affording children rights. This in itself brings risks and a common thread that runs through approaches to parenting is the attempt to define a threshold of acceptable parenting. Above the threshold and a parent is good enough and below is not good enough. This paper will consider what the minimum requirements are and explore different dimensions of parenting. The concept of good enough parenting will be revisited in relation to risks that parents have to take, within the context of contemporary policy related to improving outcomes for children as enshrined in the Every Child Matters: Change for Children Agendas (Department for Education and skills 2003). The current dominance of a risk management approach to safeguarding children will be addressed within the context of a ‘risk society’ and the importance of the safety and well-being of the child will be examined It will be suggested that we need to achieve a better balance of ensuring the safety of the child, meeting the child's developmental needs, and supporting family functioning if we are to help parents manage the risks.

Complexity and Conundrums in Pollution Control:Improving Effectiveness in Regulatory Compliance

The last century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the wealth of European nations and the well being of their inhabitants. The focus has, however, largely been upon economic growth to the detriment of people and the environment. It is only in recent years that governments have taken cognisance of the impacts of our actions and there is a growing realisation that the causal factors must be identified and addressed as a matter of urgency. One of the key problem areas is pollution and as such environmental protection has become increasingly important as a mechanism for safeguarding the quality of air, water and land. This involves a range of activities from setting standards to monitoring and reporting on discharges and emissions, through to the enforcement of legislation. In theory, this is a simple challenge, in practice, it has proven to be an extremely complex equation that might only begin to be addressed through research. In this context it is strange, and alarming, to find that while it is an axiom of good practice that policy is informed by research there has been a dearth of investigation in this field. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to consider the issue of pollution, how it impacts on the environment, what measures have been established in pursuit of reducing the number of incidences and, most significantly, which strategies might be employed to avoid or ameliorate detrimental impacts.