Survival of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Minas frescal cheese

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 strains (isolated by cattle’s faeces and a reference strain, EDL933), were inoculated into pasteurized milk (102 and 103 cells.mL–1) to prepare the Minas frescal cheese. As control was used uninfected milk. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to milk and elaborated cheese. The O157:H7 strains were quantified in the stages of cheese processing and during 0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 15 storage days at 8 °C onto Sorbitol MacConkey Agar supplemented with potassium tellurite and cefixime (CT-SMAC). O157:H7 was not present in the pasteurised milk prior to the artificial inoculation. At the end of the processing the cheese had 10 to 100 times more STEC O157:H7 than the initial inoculum. During the storage, the Minas frescal cheese exhibited the largest population increase on the 4th and 5th day when inoculated with 102 and 103 cells.mL–1, respectively. Additionally, viable cells were found up to the 10th and 15th day, according to the amount of initial inoculum. This number of cells is able to cause infection in humans, and therefore, Minas frescal cheese, even when stored under refrigeration, is a potential vehicle of disease caused by STEC O157:H7.

Efeitos do tripolifosfato de sódio sobre as características microbiológicas, físico-químicas e vida-de-prateleira em lingüiça frescal de frango.

Neste trabalho foram analisados os efeitos da adição de 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,375% e 0,5% de tripolifosfato de sódio sobre as contagens microbiológicas de Coliformes Totais, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sulfito redutores, microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios, psicrotróficos aeróbios, nas características físico-químicas de oxidação lipídica e pH em lingüiças frescais de carne de frango, armazenadas sob refrigeração a 5ºC nos dias 0, 8, 15 e 22. O tripolifosfato de sódio não aumentou a segurança microbiológica das lingüiças de frango, pois verificou-se aumento progressivo nas contagens das bactérias presentes, como mesófilos aeróbios e psicrotróficos aeróbios não demonstrando diferença significativa com relação ao tratamento aplicado. Para os coliformes totais evidenciou-se variação nas contagens dos mesmos, no decorrer do experimento, não apresentando correlação com as concentrações de tripolifosfato de sódio adicionadas nas lingüiças de frango. Para os demais microrganismos pesquisados os resultados encontrados nas amostras no dia 0 foram: para Salmonella Spp. ausência em 25g das amostras, Staphylococcus aureus <1,0x103 UFC/g, Clostridium sulfito redutor <1,0x103 UFC/g, portanto, apresentaram-se dentro do padrão exigido pela legislação para todas as amostras de lingüiças. As lingüiças frescais de frango adicionadas de 0,5% de tripolifosfato de sódio apresentaram valores de TBA mais baixos que os demais tratamentos e que o grupo controle, porém este resultado não foi significativamente diferente Com relação aos dias de análises, estes revelaram diferença significativa para os números de TBA. Os valores foram de 0,93 = dia 0; 1,39 = dia 8; 4,09 = dia 15 e de 3,18 = dia 22, inicialmente os números de TBA foram baixos, os quais, apresentaram aumento progressivo ao longo da vida-de-prateleira das lingüiças, exceto nos tratamentos com 0,25% e 0,375% de tripolifosfato de sódio que apresentaram decréscimo destes números do dia 15 para o dia 22. Os valores do pH apresentaram diferença significativa para os dias de análise, tais como: dia 0 = 6,09; dia 8 = 6,25; dia 15 = 6,30; dia 22 = 6,47, estes valores demonstraram aumento do pH durante a vida-de-prateleira das amostras. Não houve diferença significativa entre os distintos tratamentos, porém evidenciou-se que os valores do pH dos tratamentos com adição de 0,5% de tripolifosfato de sódio apresentaram-se mais elevados do que o do grupo controle e também dos demais tratamentos. O tripolifosfato de sódio em diferentes concentrações não agiu prolongando a vida-de-prateleira das lingüiças frescais de frango.

Atividades proteolíticas e microrganismos envolvidos na maturação do queijo serrano

A proposição do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial das enzimas das NSLAB do queijo Serrano quanto às atividades aminopeptidásicas. Seis bateladas de queijo Serrano foram elaboradas (3 no verão e 3 no inverno) por três diferentes produtores (A, B e C) de Caxias do Sul (RS), utilizando leite cru, sem adição de culturas iniciadoras. A atividade das aminopeptidases foi avaliada nas FPS dos queijos e nos extratos aquosos dos microrganismos através da hidrólise dos substratos sintéticos Gly- NA, Arg- NA, Tyr- NA, Leu- NA e Asp- NA, Glu- NA, Lys- NA, e Pro- NA. Nos queijos do produtor A, que apresentaram as maiores atividades (19 a 74 U/g de queijo), foram analisados os amino ácidos livres (AAL) e os resultados revelaram que eles aumentam continuamente, estão presentes em quantidades elevadas (4051 mg/100g de ES do queijo aos 60 d), e os AAL com maiores concentrações nos queijos foram Glu, Arg, Lys, Pro e Leu (juntos representam 58% a 61% do total de AAL). Extratos aquosos das NSLAB dos queijos de verão foram parcialmente purificados por cromatografia de troca iônica de fluxo rápido, utilizando Q-sepharose e incubados com os substratos Glu- NA, Arg- NA, Lys- NA, Leu- NA e Pro- NA, indicando atividade para todos os substratos e que a atividade nas frações mudam nas NSLAB para queijos com diferentes tempos de maturação. Uma comparação das atividades aminopeptidases recuperadas após o zimograma do gel de eletroforese-PAGE das FPS dos queijos e dos microrganismos, sugerem que as PepN, PepC e PepL ativas nas FPS têm suas origens na lise das NSLAB presentes nos mesmos.

Queijo

Imagem componente do jogo “DigesTower (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/digestower.php)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

Características físico-qímicas da carne de caprinos submetidos a diferentes níveis de substituição do leite por soro de queijo durante o aleitamento

Fifty six crossbred kids Parda Alpina x Gurgueia were separeted into four groups of 14 (seven male and seven female) and submited to four treatments with different levels of milk goat substitution by cheese serum. The treatments were : T1=milk goat (testify); T2=15% serum at 23 days and 33% at 55 days; T3=15% serum starting from 16 days, 33% on 23 days and 51% on 72 days of age; and T4=33% on 16 days and 69% of liquid diet in the final fase. At 92 days of age, all animals were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Pallete were separeted from 20 male animals (five by treatment) and the physical and chemical analysis of the meat were realized using these materials. The studied characteristics were: total weight (TW), meat weight (MW), bone weigth (BW) of the pallete, and percentage of umidity (U), ashes (A), protein (P), fat (F) and pH of the pallete meat. There was significant effect of the treatment over F. Means of PW, A and BW were, respectively 491, 342 and 149.8 g. The meal represented 69,6% of total pallete weight. Means of U, A, P and F were 73, 1.0, 19 and 1.95%, respectively. The pH was 6.7. Results allow to conclude that only the fat percentage of the meat was modified, due to the administration of serun milk on the liquid diet of the kids, during the milking fase.

Fatores que afetam a competitividade do queijo artesanal: um estudo exploratório no Seridó/RN

This article presents a study on the research of the factors that affect the competitiveness of cheese produced in a craft in the Seridó of Rio Grande do Norte in the perception of rural producers. His theory is based on factors of competitiveness and definitions of craft production. This research was performed in the important area of production and marketing of cheeses from the state. The methodology used was exploratory research descriptive type survey. The research field of 213 returned questionnaires validated. those interviewed were rural producers of artisanal cheese, with properties distributed in the districts located in the region. The results showed the production of artisanal cheese in Seridó / RN's main points of difficulty to compete: the great marketing in the informality, workforce has low skills and education, has little technical assistance, low acceptance by technological innovations and absence of integration between producers which creates low productivity and qualification of the production chain

Elaboração de um queijo análogo ao pecorino romano produzido com leite de cabra e coalhada congelados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diagnóstico regional do processo de queijo coalho comercializado em Natal/RN

Coalho cheese is a typical product of the Northeastern Brazil, which is consumed both raw and cooked. The present work aimed to study the characteristics of artisanal and industrial processes in the production of coalho cheese sold in Natal / RN in order to evaluate its quality and consumer s profile. Four artisanal cheeses plants were monitored and a questionnaire was sent to different cheese industries. Besides this, eight cheese samples (four artisanal and four industrial) were evaluated in regard to the microbiological quality, physical-chemical and sensory attributes. The sensory acceptance was evaluated by using 108 non-trained panelists by using the hedonic scale. The consumer s profile survey was applied to 400 consumers of coalho cheese. The lack of hygiene control was detected at the artisanal cheese production, which uses raw milk as its raw material. Research has shown that the industrialized cheeses are made from pasteurized milk provided by their own production or by a third party, as observed in cheese making dairies. In general, the results indicate variation in the manufacturing process of coalho cheese, which results in the lack of product standardization. Regarding the physical-chemical analysis, most artisanal and industrial samples presented moisture content between 36 and 40 %, classified as medium moisture cheese, which is the only parameter that showed no significant difference (p>0.05). However, the water activity (Aw), pH and acidity results differed significantly. All artisanal samples showed coliform contamination at 35 °C, which confirms the poor hygienic conditions. In regard to coliforms at 45 °C, 75 % of artisanal coalho cheese samples had value higher than 103 MPN / g, a value above the lawful limits determined by RDC nº 12. Fifty percent of industrial coalho cheese samples showed coagulase-positive Staphylococcus values above the limit allowed by the RDC nº 12, indicating poor handling. The sensory evaluation revealed that the taste was the only parameter that showed significant difference, and this difference was only between two industrial brands. The consumer s survey showed that the coalho cheese flavor is the most important reason for buying this kind of cheese. Although coalho cheese is mainly bought in supermarkets, open street markets and country shops are still important selling points. It is concluded that there is no coalho cheese standardization in the RN state, which leads to variations in physical-chemical and sensory attributes. Moreover, it is necessary greater hygiene control in the production and handling procedures of coalho cheese.

Recuperação e purificação de proteínas do soro de queijo tipo coalho usando cromatografia de troca iônica e interação hidrofóbica em leito na forma expandida

Expanded Bed Adsorption plays an important role in the downstream processing mainly for reducing costs as well as steps besides could handling cells homogenates or fermentation broth. In this work Expanded Bed Adsorption was used to recover and purify whey proteins from coalho cheese manufacture using Streamline DEAE and Streamline SP both ionic resins as well as a hydrophobic resin Streamline Phenyl. A column of 2.6 cm inner diameter with 30 cm in height was coupled to a peristaltic pump. Hydrodynamics study was carried out with the three resins using Tris-HCl buffer in concentration of 30, 50 and 70 mM, with pH ranging from 7.0 to 8.0. In this case, assays of the expansion degree as well as Residence Time Distribution (RTD) were carried out. For the recovery and purification steps, a whey sample of 200 mL, was submitted to a column with 25mL of resin previously equilibrated with Tris/HCl (50 mM, pH 7.0) using a expanded bed. After washing, elution was carried out according the technique used. For ionic adsorption elution was carried out using 100 mL of Tris/HCl (50 mM, pH 7.0 in 1M NaCl). For Hydrophobyc interaction elution was carried out using Tris/HCl (50 mM, pH 7.0). Adsorption runs were carried out using the three resins as well as theirs combination. Results showed that for hydrodynamics studies a linear fit was observed for the three resins with a correlation coefficient (R2) about 0.9. In this case, Streamline Phenyl showed highest expansion degree reaching an expansion degree (H0/H) of 2.2. Bed porosity was of 0.7 when both resins Streamline DEAE and Streamline SP were used with StremLine Phenyl showing the highest bed porosity about 0.75. The number of theorical plates were 109, 41.5 and 17.8 and the axial dipersion coefficient (Daxial) were 0.5, 1.4 and 3.7 x 10-6 m2/s, for Streamline DEAE, Streamline SP and Streamline Phenyl, respectively. Whey proteins were adsorved fastly for the three resins with equilibrium reached in 10 minutes. Breakthrough curves showed that most of proteins stays in flowthrough as well as washing steps with 84, 77 and 96%, for Streamline DEAE, Streamline SP and Streamline Phenyl, respectively. It was observed protein peaks during elution for the three resins used. According to these peaks were identified 6 protein bands that could probably be albumin (69 KDa), lactoferrin (76 KDa), lactoperoxidase (89 KDa), β-lactoglobulin (18,3 KDa) e α-lactoalbumin (14 KDa), as well as the dimer of beta-lactoglobulin. The combined system compound for the elution of Streamline DEAE applied to the Streamline SP showed the best purification of whey proteins, mainly of the α-lactoalbumina

Análise microbiológica e caracterização eletroforética do queijo mussarela elaborado a partir de leite de búfala

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Queijo Parmesão: caracterização físico-química, microbiológica e microestrutura

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos físico-químicos e microbianos do queijo maturado por mofo obtido da coagulação mista com leite de cabra congelado e coalhada congelada

Milk goats are indicated as an economic alternative for small farmers and cheese making could improve their profits. Goat's milk has a seasonal production characteristic and shows periods of abundance and others of scarcity. The use of frozen milk or frozen curd to make cheese can be used to solve the problem. The aim of this work was to evaluate the preparation of cheese made from mixed curd and ripened by Penicillium candidum mould using slow frozen milk (in a domestic freezer) or fast frozen milk (by liquid nitrogen). The slow frozen curd and fast frozen curd without whey were used. It was observed that the cheese from the slow and fast frozen milk and from the slow and fast frozen curd did not differ from the control cheese for the yield, chemicophysical characteristics, chemical composition, extention ripened rate, depth ripened rate and microbiological aspects, even when it was expressed as a dry matter content of cheeses.

Avaliação do desempenho de um reator anaeróbico compartimentado no tratamento de soro de queijo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito do uso de Lactobacillus casei como cultura adjunta na qualidade tecnológica de queijo prato com reduzido teor de gordura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)