977 resultados para poluição da água
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de dois tipos de bebedouros nipple e taça, utilizados na dessedentação de aves de postura e o incremento da demanda de cloro na água oferecida pelos dois tipos de bebedouros estudados. Foram realizadas as contagens de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, Escherichia coli, estreptococos fecais e microrganismos mesófilos. Os resultados obtidos figuraram que as amostras de água dos reservatórios, de ambos os bebedouros, apresentaram-se contaminadas microbiologicamente antes de passarem pelos bebedouros. A contaminação por bactérias de poluição fecal foi maior nas amostras colhidas nos bebedouros tipo taça, assim como eles foram responsáveis por um maior acúmulo de matéria orgânica, tendo então uma elevada demanda de cloro e uma maior influência na depreciação da qualidade da água fornecida às aves. Dos dois tipos de bebedouros estudados, o tipo nipple mostrou ser o menos deletério no que concerne à qualidade da água entretanto, independente do tipo de bebedouro utilizado na dessedentação das aves, a desinfecção da água é um ato imprescindível à manutenção de sua qualidade e à eliminação de futuros patógenos.
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One of the most evident and actual concern, not only in the scientific means, but also of the public knowledge in general, is the lack problem of the potable water, that come increasing more each time, motivated mainly for the po llution of the sources, the bad use of the water and the increase of the population. In such a way, the necessity of looking for new water sources and the development of techniques to use sources minus explored is becoming even more important and urgent. T he rainwater comes being used since a long time like a supplying source, but, due the few knowledge of its characteristics, the generated preconception and the discrimination around its consumption and to the bad use of the technique of collection and stor age, it comes being little used, wasting consequently a significant parcel of this source. Trying to develop the knowing of some characteristics of the rainwater, the present work looks for to define the curve of variation of the quality of the rainwater i n three points with distinct characteristics of the city of Natal -RN, in the course of the precipitation, in some situations of time and space. For describe the curve of variation of the water s quality, some variables must be analyzed, and to be identifie d when they modify themselves in the endurance of rain, showing in which moment the purification of the water is more or less quickly. The pH, the Turbidity and the Electric Conductivity can be related with a big part of the physicist -chemistries variables found in the water and, like its analyses don't spend any material, they have easy access and measurement. The present work analyzes the curves of decline of these three variables, in three points with distinct characteristics in the city of Natal -RN, being these points: one next to the sea, another one in region with great buildings concentration and the last point in a less polluted area. For the studied region, it was during the five first millimeters of rain that occurs the biggest reduction of the exi sting impurities in the atmosphere, mainly between the first and the second millimeter, and after the five first millimeters the values of the variables stabilize. With exception of the University Campus, where initially the rainwater already has very good quality, the values of Turbidity and Electric Conductivity suffer a brusque reduction after the first millimeter of rain
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The Pitimbu River Basin is concern reason, therefore this is one of the mains freshwater sources for the Natal city supplying. The Pitimbu waters river flow into Jiqui pond, as the main supplier of this, that supplies 16% of Natal population and there is a bigger importance despite the supplying of a parcel of Natal city made joining underground waters with the water proceeding from the Jiqui pond, being used for dilution waters of contaminated wells with nitrate. Even with the importance of the Pitimbu, there is a strong pressure of occupation of its edge according to a critical urban growth, becoming the situation worse and increasing the necessity of management of the use and occupation of the ground and keeping the control of the prompt pollution, as punctual as diffuse. There are many studies about Pitimbu River Basin, however they summarize themselves to some months or even in a few years. This work, that gathers these information, increasing the amplitude and making possible an evaluation of the attitude of the water in a period extended for an evaluation of values of variable quality of water referring to the standards, that usually happens about the variable frequency distribution, central tendency and measures of dispersion, as the coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness and the coefficient of determination of certain variable on another one. This work to evaluates the quality conditions of the Pitimbu river waters by analyzing thirty five (35) variables Physical, chemical and biological in eight (8) points of water course since 1993 to 2007. Given this situation, all knowledge about the waters quality conditions obtained in this work, is a strong subsidy for management of use and ground occupation, considering the river basin as territorial unit of management, and as the water is public good domain, being a priority human use, It is necessary to guarantee to current and the future generations available water resources in appropriate standards of quality as the established standard and identifying possible reasons of pollution through statistics analysis
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The building of water reservoirs has become a solution for water scarcity of the semiarid regions, however, the land use and occupation near the margins of the reservoirs have been causing serious damage to water quality, harming their use. This paper aims to analyze the land use and occupation in the margins of the Northeast reservoir and evaluate their influence on the water quality, to identify the areas and activities that represent an higher risk of contamination to the reservoir. The study was conducted at the reservoir Dourado, located in the city of Currais Novos - RN, during the period from August 2012 to February 2013. Were defined six areas regarding the land use and occupation, then, Water samples were collected from the margins in these areas for the characterization of water quality. The results showed that almost all Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) from the reservoir is degraded, increasing the susceptibility of large input of nutrients and contaminants loads. The water reservoir showed low quality, being with strong evidence of eutrophication due to the nutrient accumulation arising from the activities surrounding the reservoir, mainly from agriculture and Livestock. The Areas 1 and 2 are the areas that present a greater risk of reservoir degradation, because are the possible major sources of nutrients (phosphorus total, orthophosphate and nitrate), however, due to the small size of the reservoir, any compound that reaches its margins ultimately affects the water quality of the same
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A região semiárida sofre escassez hídrica. A fim de regularizar a disponibilidade hídrica nos períodos de estiagem, são construídas barragens. No entanto, a qualidade da água armazenada tem sofrido os efeitos do descarte irregular de resíduos no meio ambiente e das atividades antrópicas exercidas nas bacias hidrográficas. A degradação hídrica pode ser constatada a partir do monitoramento dos parâmetros de qualidade da água. Estes dados podem ser analisados através de métodos estatísticos tais como a Análise de Componentes Principais e a análise de agrupamento, que seleciona indivíduos com características semelhantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar oagrupamento dos reservatórios do Rio Grande do Norte, com base nos parâmetros de qualidade da água, para a identificação de grupos homogêneos de reservatórios em termos de fontes de poluição. Serão objeto desse estudo as bacias Piranhas-Açu, Apodi-Mossoró, Trairí, Potengi e Ceará-Mirim. Os parâmetros mercúrio, chumbo, cromo, fósforo total, nitrogênio total e zinco contribuíram para a formação da primeira componente principal, que pode indicar poluição por metais pesados; sólidos totais, DBO, OD e cobre, para a segunda componente, que pode ser indicativo de poluição por matéria orgânica e atividades antrópicas; e clorofila a , cádmio e níquel, para a terceira componente, que pode indicar eutrofização e poluição por metais pesados. De posse das componentes principais se procedeu o agrupamento dos reservatórios, formando-se quatro grupos distintos. Os grupos 1 e 2 são constituídos por reservatórios da Bacia Piranhas-Açu, que apresentou maiores valores de metais pesados. O grupo 3, constituído por reservatórios das bacias Ceará-Mirim, Potengi e Trairí, apresentou maiores valores de DBO e sólidostotais e o grupo 4 é formado por reservatórios da Bacia Apodi-Mossoró. Nas Bacias do Trarí e Piranhas-Açu deve ser coibido o lançamento desordenado de efluentes e fontes de poluição difusas, e implantado um sistema de coleta de esgoto para minimizar a poluição por matéria orgânica
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As plantas aquáticas são estudadas como um efeito do desequilíbrio causado pela poluição e/ou alagamento dos rios. A quantidade excessiva de plantas, conseqüente desse desequilíbrio, dificulta a navegação e a produção de energia elétrica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais plantas aquáticas do rio Tietê e relacioná-las com a turbidez da água dos diferentes reservatórios. Foram avaliados todos os focos de vegetação aquática emersa, flutuante e submersa, presentes em cada reservatório, em toda a sua extensão, sendo consideradas como importantes as espécies que apresentaram o caráter dominante. Foi observado que os represamentos apresentam problema de plantas aquáticas e a qualidade da infestação varia entre os reservatórios. Foram consideradas como dominantes as seguintes espécies: Brachiaria mutica, Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichhornia crassipes, Egeria densa, Egeria najas, Enidra sessilis e Typha angustifolia. Observou-se que houve uma tendência de maior ocorrência de plantas flutuantes e emersas (marginais) nos reservatórios com maior turbidez e de plantas submersas naqueles com menor turbidez. Para as duas braquiárias, observou-se que a freqüência das espécies aumentou com o aumento da turbidez até o limite de 34,93 NTU. O aguapé ocorreu com altos índices de freqüência (acima de 50%) em todos os reservatórios do rio Tietê, independentemente das características da água. em se tratando das egérias, a freqüência das espécies aumentou gradativamente com a redução da turbidez e a taboa não apresentou uma relação com o índice estudado. A espécie E. sessilis se mostrou bastante dependente da qualidade da água, tendo sua freqüência aumentada com o aumento da turbidez.
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This study is an environmental diagnosis of the Jundiaí-Potengi/RN estuarine system waters, using calculations of pollution indicator indices such as the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Toxicity Index (TI). The samples were collected at twelve points on the estuary, at high and low tide, between August and November 2007, over four campaigns. The study area, located in a high impact region, has various activities on its banks such as: discharge of untreated or undertreated domestic and industrial sewage, shrimp farming, immunizer stabilization lakes, riverside communities, etc. All the parameters analyzed were compared to the limits of CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of 2005 for healthy and saline Class 1 waters. The results found prove the impact caused by various activities, mainly the parameters related to the presence of organic material, such as DQO, DBO, COT and thermotolerant colliforms. The IQA for most of the collection points was of medium quality. For the metals, although values above the Resolution limits were found, most of them were lower than the detection limits of ICP-OES used, indicating that they tend to be transported by the dynamic of the tides or rainfall and are deposited in bottom sediments, resulting in a TI of 1.0 in this water, when they are absent, which occurs in most cases, or 0.0, when heavy metals are found in these waters
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The environmental degradation observed in the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí watershed has been one of the principal preoccupations of the environmental agencies in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In this context, there is inserted the Americana county which is cut by streams of unsuitable quality for the human consumption and other uses. The main goal of the present work was evaluated the water quality of the Recanto Creek, affluent of the Quilombo stream, at the Americana county, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The research was developed in the period from March of 2007 to March of 2008, when it was measured the flow and the following physical-chemical water quality parameters: temperature; turbidity; pH; dissolved oxygen (OD); phosphorus (P); ammonia nitrogen (NH 4); nitrate (NO 3); chemical demand of oxygen (DQO), besides total coliforms. The results demonstrated a variation of the flow from 34.3 to 375.2 L s -1, during the evaluated period. The parameters dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate presented values out of the limits recommended for rivers of class 3, like the Recanto Creek, suggesting water pollution due to the organic matter disposal.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)