古潜山油藏非均质三维地质建模

The discovery of the highly productive Renqiu buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay Basin in 1975 started the high tide of finding buried hill reservoirs in China and their research. As the advance of E&P technologies, the study of buried hill reservoir in China had a qualitative leap. The reservoir description and some other aspects of development have reached or approached to the international leading level. However, some core techniques for reservoir study such as structure & faulting system study, formation prediction and connection study and heterogeneous model's construction could not completely carry out the quantitative or accurate reservoir description, e. g. the areal distribution of porosity, permeability and oil saturation. Especially, the modeling for reservoir simulation is still wandering in the stage of simplicity. The inaccurate understanding of geology could not derive 3D heterogeneous geological model that can reveal the actual underground situation thus could not design practical and feasible oilfield development plan. Therefore, the problems of low oil recovery rate, low recovery factor and poor development effectiveness have not been solved. The poor connection of the reservoir determined that waterflooding could not get good development effect and the production had to depend on the reservoir elastic energy, and this will bring big difficulty for development modification and improvement of oil recovery. This study formed a series of techniques for heterogeneous model research that can be used to construct heterogeneous model consistent with the reservoir geology. Thus the development effectiveness, success ratio of drilling and percent of producing reserves can be enhanced. This study can make the development of buried hill reservoir be of high recovery rate and high effect. The achievements of this study are as follows: 1. Evaluated the resources, summarized the geological characteristics and carried out the reservoir classification of the buried hill reservoirs in Shengli petroliferous area; 2. Established the markers for stratigraphical correlation and formed the correlation method for complex buried hill reservoirs; 3. Analyzed the structural features of the buried hill reservoirs, finished the structure interpretation and study of faulting system using synthetic seismograms, horizontal slices and coherent analysis, and clarified structural development history of the buried hill reservoirs in Shengli petroliferous area; 4. Determined the 3 classes and 7 types of pore space and the main pore space type, the logging response characteristics and the FMI logging identified difference between artificial and natural fractures by the comprehensive usage of core analysis, other lab analyses, conventional logging, FMI logging and CMR logging; 5. Determined the factors controlled the growth of the fractures, vugs and cavities, proposed the main formation prediction method for buried hill reservoir and analyzed their technical principium and applicability, and formed the seismic method and process for buried hill reservoir description; 6. Established the reserve calculation method for buried hill reservoirs, i. e. the reserves of fractures and matrix are calculated separately; the recoverable reserves are calculated by decline method and are classified by the SPE criteria; 7. Studied restraining barriers and the sealing of the faults thus clarified the oil-bearing formations of the buried hill reservoirs, and verified the multiple reservoir forming theory; 8. Formed reasonable procedure of buried hill reservoir study; 9. Formed the 3 D modeling technology for buried hill reservoirs; 10. Studied a number of buried hill blocks on the aspects of reservoir description, reservoir engineering and development plan optimization based on the above research and the profit and social effect are remarkable.

Discovery and Evaluation of BMS-708163, a Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable gamma-Secretase Inhibitor

During the course of our research efforts to develop a potent and selective gamma-secretase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated a series of carboxamide-substituted sulfonamides. Optimization based on potency, Notch/amyloid-beta precursor protein selectivity, and brain efficacy after oral dosing led to the discovery of 4 (BMS-708163). Compound 4 is a potent inhibitor of gamma-secretase (A beta 40 IC50 = 0.30 nM), demonstrating a 193-fold selectivity against Notch. Oral administration of 4 significantly reduced A beta 40 levels for sustained periods in brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in rats and dogs.

Determining the parametric effectiveness of a CAD model

The motivation for this paper is to present an approach for rating the quality of the parameters in a computer-aided design model for use as optimization variables. Parametric Effectiveness is computed as the ratio of change in performance achieved by perturbing the parameters in the optimum way, to the change in performance that would be achieved by allowing the boundary of the model to move without the constraint on shape change enforced by the CAD parameterization. The approach is applied in this paper to optimization based on adjoint shape sensitivity analyses. The derivation of parametric effectiveness is presented for optimization both with and without the constraint of constant volume. In both cases, the movement of the boundary is normalized with respect to a small root mean squared movement of the boundary. The approach can be used to select an initial search direction in parameter space, or to select sets of model parameters which have the greatest ability to improve model performance. The approach is applied to a number of example 2D and 3D FEA and CFD problems.

Interacting agents on complex networks and stochastic processes in them

Nas últimas décadas, um grande número de processos têm sido descritos em termos de redes complexas. A teoria de redes complexas vem sendo utilizada com sucesso para descrever, modelar e caracterizar sistemas naturais, artificias e sociais, tais como ecossistemas, interações entre proteínas, a Internet, WWW, até mesmo as relações interpessoais na sociedade. Nesta tese de doutoramento apresentamos alguns modelos de agentes interagentes em redes complexas. Inicialmente, apresentamos uma breve introdução histórica (Capítulo 1), seguida de algumas noções básicas sobre redes complexas (Capítulo 2) e de alguns trabalhos e modelos mais relevantes a esta tese de doutoramento (Capítulo 3). Apresentamos, no Capítulo 4, o estudo de um modelo de dinâmica de opiniões, onde busca-se o consenso entre os agentes em uma população, seguido do estudo da evolução de agentes interagentes em um processo de ramificação espacialmente definido (Capítulo 5). No Capítulo 6 apresentamos um modelo de otimização de fluxos em rede e um estudo do surgimento de redes livres de escala a partir de um processo de otimização . Finalmente, no Capítulo 7, apresentamos nossas conclusões e perspectivas futuras.

Optimização da lista de células vizinhas em redes LTE

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

Sellupesurin rakenteellinen kehittäminen

Tämä diplomityö on tehty Andritz Oy:lle Washers & Filters tuoteryhmään. Työ on osa pienten sellupesureiden tuotekehitysprojektia. Tavoitteena on vertailla olemassa olevaa tuotekehitysaineistoa ja tuoda esiin suunnitteluprosessi, jolla DD – sellupesurin osien rakenteita voidaan järjestelmällisesti kehittää. Diplomityössä tutkittuja osia ovat tiiviste–elementti, päätypalkki ja rumpu. Tiiviste–elementtejä vertailtiin olemassa olevan tuotekehitysaineiston osalta, sekä tutkittiin geneettisiin algoritmeihin pohjautuvan topologian optimoinnin soveltuvuutta tiiviste-elementin suunnitteluun. Päätypalkin ja rummun optimaaliset geometriat selvitettiin geneettisiä algoritmejä hyödyntävällä topologisella optimoinnilla. Optimaalisten topologioiden perusteella suunniteltiin valmistettavissa olevat rakenteet joiden ainevahvuudet määrättiin alustavasti vakion variointiin perustuvalla optimoinnilla. Tällä menettelyllä saatiin päätypalkista ja rummusta aikaiseksi aikaisempaa kevyemmät rakenteet. Topologian optimointi huomattiin soveltuvan rakenteisiin, joiden kuormitus- ja kiinnitystiedot ovat yksiselitteisesti määrätyt.

Intégration de services de raisonnement automatique basés sur les logiques de description dans les applications d’entreprise

Ce mémoire présente un patron d’architecture permettant, dans un contexte orientéobjet, l’exploitation d’objets appartenant simultanément à plusieurs hiérarchies fonctionnelles. Ce patron utilise un reasoner basé sur les logiques de description (web sémantique) pour procéder à la classification des objets dans les hiérarchies. La création des objets est simplifiée par l’utilisation d’un ORM (Object Relational Mapper). Ce patron permet l’utilisation effective du raisonnement automatique dans un contexte d’applications d’entreprise. Les concepts requis pour la compréhension du patron et des outils sont présentés. Les conditions d’utilisation du patron sont discutées ainsi que certaines pistes de recherche pour les élargir. Un prototype appliquant le patron dans un cas simple est présenté. Une méthodologie accompagne le patron. Finalement, d’autres utilisations potentielles des logiques de description dans le même contexte sont discutées.

Trouble du spectre de l’autisme : Une agentivité morale objective, rigoriste et émotionnelle

Article

Level Identification of Brain MR Images using Histogram of a LBP variant

Axial brain slices containing similar anatomical structures are retrieved using features derived from the histogram of Local binary pattern (LBP). A rotation invariant description of texture in terms of texture patterns and their strength is obtained with the incorporation of local variance to the LBP, called Modified LBP (MOD-LBP). In this paper, we compare Histogram based Features of LBP (HF/LBP), against Histogram based Features of MOD-LBP (HF/MOD-LBP) in retrieving similar axial brain images. We show that replacing local histogram with a local distance transform based similarity metric further improves the performance of MOD-LBP based image retrieval

Nichtüberlappende Gebietszerlegungsmethoden für lineare und quasilineare (monotone und nichtmonotone) Probleme

In dieser Arbeit werden nichtüberlappende Gebietszerlegungsmethoden einerseits hinsichtlich der zu lösenden Problemklassen verallgemeinert und andererseits in bisher nicht untersuchten Kontexten betrachtet. Dabei stehen funktionalanalytische Untersuchungen zur Wohldefiniertheit, eindeutigen Lösbarkeit und Konvergenz im Vordergrund. Im ersten Teil werden lineare elliptische Dirichlet-Randwertprobleme behandelt, wobei neben Problemen mit dominantem Hauptteil auch solche mit singulärer Störung desselben, wie konvektions- oder reaktionsdominante Probleme zugelassen sind. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit (gleichmäßig) monotonen koerziven quasilinearen elliptischen Dirichlet-Randwertproblemen. In beiden Fällen wird das Lipschitz-Gebiet in endlich viele Lipschitz-Teilgebiete zerlegt, wobei insbesondere Kreuzungspunkte und Teilgebiete ohne Außenrand zugelassen sind. Anschließend werden Transmissionsprobleme mit frei wählbaren $L^{\infty}$-Parameterfunktionen hergeleitet, wobei die Konormalenableitungen als Funktionale auf geeigneten Funktionenräumen über den Teilrändern ($H_{00}^{1/2}(\Gamma)$) interpretiert werden. Die iterative Lösung dieser Transmissionsprobleme mit einem Ansatz von Deng führt auf eine Substrukturierungsmethode mit Robin-artigen Transmissionsbedingungen, bei der eine Auswertung der Konormalenableitungen aufgrund einer geschickten Aufdatierung der Robin-Daten nicht notwendig ist (insbesondere ist die bekannte Robin-Robin-Methode von Lions als Spezialfall enthalten). Die Konvergenz bezüglich einer partitionierten $H^1$-Norm wird für beide Problemklassen gezeigt. Dabei werden keine über $H^1$ hinausgehende Regularitätsforderungen an die Lösungen gestellt und die Gebiete müssen keine zusätzlichen Glattheitsvoraussetzungen erfüllen. Im letzten Kapitel werden nichtmonotone koerzive quasilineare Probleme untersucht, wobei das Zugrunde liegende Gebiet nur in zwei Lipschitz-Teilgebiete zerlegt sein soll. Das zugehörige nichtlineare Transmissionsproblem wird durch Kirchhoff-Transformation in lineare Teilprobleme mit nichtlinearen Kopplungsbedingungen überführt. Ein optimierungsbasierter Lösungsansatz, welcher einen geeigneten Abstand der rücktransformierten Dirichlet-Daten der linearen Teilprobleme auf den Teilrändern minimiert, führt auf ein optimales Kontrollproblem. Die dabei entstehenden regularisierten freien Minimierungsprobleme werden mit Hilfe eines Gradientenverfahrens unter minimalen Glattheitsforderungen an die Nichtlinearitäten gelöst. Unter zusätzlichen Glattheitsvoraussetzungen an die Nichtlinearitäten und weiteren technischen Voraussetzungen an die Lösung des quasilinearen Ausgangsproblems, kann zudem die quadratische Konvergenz des Newton-Verfahrens gesichert werden.

Hybrid fault detection and isolation in an heater bank of an HVAC system

In this work a hybrid technique that includes probabilistic and optimization based methods is presented. The method is applied, both in simulation and by means of real-time experiments, to the heating unit of a Heating, Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. It is shown that the addition of the probabilistic approach improves the fault diagnosis accuracy.

Drift from the use of handheld knapsack pesticide sprayers in Boyacá (Colombian Andes)

Offsite pesticide losses in tropical mountainous regions have been little studied. One example is measuring pesticide drift soil deposition, which can support pesticide risk assessment for surface water, soil, bystanders, off target plants and fauna. This is considered a serious gap, given the evidence of pesticide-related poisoning in those regions. Empirical data of drift deposition of a pesticide surrogate, Uranine tracer, within one of the highest potato producing regions in Colombia, characterized by small plots and mountain orography, is presented. High drift values encountered in our study reflect the actual spray conditions using handled knapsack sprayers. Comparison between measured and predicted drift values using three existing empirical equations showed important underestimation. However, after their optimization based on measured drift information, the equations showed a strong predictive power for this study area and the study conditions. The most suitable curve to assess mean relative drift was the IMAG calculator after optimization.

Photovoltaic System Design for a Contaminated Area in Falun – Comparison of South and East- West Layout

In this thesis the solar part of a large grid-connected photovoltaic system design has been done. The main purpose was to size and optimize the system and to present figures helping to evaluate the prospective project rationality, which can potentially be constructed on a contaminated area in Falun. The methodology consisted in PV market study and component selection, site analysis and defining suitable area for solar installation; and system configuration optimization based on PVsyst simulations and Levelized Cost of Energy calculations. The procedure was mainly divided on two parts, preliminary and detailed sizing. In the first part the objective was complex, which included the investigation of the most profitable component combination and system optimization due to tilt and row distance. It was done by simulating systems with different components and orientations, which were sized for the same 100kW inverter in order to make a fair comparison. For each simulated result a simplified LCOE calculation procedure was applied. The main results of this part show that with the price of 0.43 €/Wp thin-film modules were the most cost effective solution for the case with a great advantage over crystalline type in terms of financial attractiveness. From the results of the preliminary study it was possible to select the optimal system configuration, which was used in the detailed sizing as a starting point. In this part the PVsyst simulations were run, which included full scale system design considering near shadings created by factory buildings. Additionally, more complex procedure of LCOE calculation has been used here considered insurances, maintenance, time value of money and possible cost reduction due to the system size. Two system options were proposed in final results; both cover the same area of 66000 m2. The first one represents an ordinary South faced design with 1.1 MW nominal power, which was optimized for the highest performance. According to PVsyst simulations, this system should produce 1108 MWh/year with the initial investment of 835,000 € and 0.056 €/kWh LCOE. The second option has an alternative East-West orientation, which allows to cover 80% of occupied ground and consequently have 6.6 MW PV nominal power. The system produces 5388 MWh/year costs about 4500,000 € and delivers electricity with the same price of 0.056 €/kWh. Even though the EW solution has 20% lower specific energy production, it benefits mainly from lower relative costs for inverters, mounting and annual maintenance expenses. After analyzing the performance results, among the two alternatives none of the systems showed a clear superiority so there was no optimal system proposed. Both, South and East-West solutions have own advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy production profile, configuration, installation and maintenance. Furthermore, the uncertainty due to cost figures assumptions restricted the results veracity.

Application of growing self-organizing map to distinguish between finger tapping and non tapping from brain images

Growing self-organizing map (GSOM) has been characterized as a knowledge discovery visualization application which outshines the traditional self-organizing map (SOM) due to its dynamic structure in which nodes can grow based on the input data. GSOM is utilized as a visualization tool in this paper to cluster fMRI finger tapping and non- tapping data, demonstrating the visualization capability to distinguish between tapping or non-tapping. A unique feature of GSOM is a parameter called the spread factor whose functionality is to control the spread of the GSOM map. By setting different levels of spread factor, different granularities of region of interests within tapping or non-tapping images can be visualized and analyzed. Euclidean distance based similarity calculation is used to quantify the visualized difference between tapping and non tapping images. Once the differences are identified, the spread factor is used to generate a more detailed view of those regions to provide a better visualization of the brain regions.

Fast growing self organizing map for text clustering

This paper presents an integration of a novel document vector representation technique and a novel Growing Self Organizing Process. In this new approach, documents are represented as a low dimensional vector, which is composed of the indices and weights derived from the keywords of the document.

An index based similarity calculation method is employed on this low dimensional feature space and the growing self organizing process is modified to comply with the new feature representation model.

The initial experiments show that this novel integration outperforms the state-of-the-art Self Organizing Map based techniques of text clustering in terms of its efficiency while preserving the same accuracy level.