Marketing physical activity and healthy eating: A literature review of recent social marketing campaigns and development of a social marketing plan for the CATCH program

Background. This culminating experience project was inspired by an independent study conducted at The University of Texas School of Public Health with Dr. Andrew Springer, DrPH, who works on the evaluation of the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) program in Travis County, Texas. It was indicated that a social marketing plan could enhance current efforts for the CATCH program. The aims of the project were to (1) review and synthesize literature on social marketing, with a specific focus on diet, physical activity, and obesity prevention; and (2) apply the gained knowledge toward a practical solution – a social marketing plan for the CATCH program.^ Methods. The literature review aimed to answer the following questions: (1) What audiences (ethnic and age groups), settings, health behaviors, and behavioral science theories have been used in social marketing campaigns? (2) What features of social marketing were used (e.g. formative research, segmentation, and the marketing mix - including promotional strategies and communication channels)? (3) What were the outcomes of the social marketing campaigns? The search aimed to identify studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (a) The study explicitly stated that social marketing was used; (b) The intervention promoted physical activity and/or healthy eating; (c) The population was children, adolescents, young adults, and/or parents; (d) Results of the intervention were available in the published literature The literature review includes studies from the past five years (2004 to 2009). After reviewing the social marketing literature, the insight and knowledge gained was applied to develop a social marketing plan for the CATCH program. The plan was guided by Hands-on Social Marketing, A Step-by-Step Guide and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Marketing web course.^

Get ur 60: A social marketing campaign to promote and facilitate physical activity among Central Texas middle school students

If allowed to continue unabated, the obesity epidemic may lead to the first decline in life expectancy in the developed world (Olshansky et al., 2005). Similar to the relationship between smoking habits in youth and adulthood, obesogenic dietary and physical activity habits in childhood may persist into adulthood (Kelder et al., 2002). Teaching children how to establish healthy eating habits and activity levels, as well as providing them the necessary resources to internalize and maintain these behaviors, may be the key to curbing this epidemic.^ A school-based obesity prevention approach is advantageous for many reasons including exposure to large captive audiences, reduced costs of sustainability and long-term maintenance, and generalizability of models and results across multiple populations. The effectiveness of school-based programs has been researched over the past 20 years, with promising results.^ Social marketing is a program-planning process that “facilitates the acceptance, rejection, modification, abandonment, or maintenance of particular behaviors” (Grier & Bryant, 2005). Social marketing has been shown to be effective in a variety of public health applications including improving diet, increasing physical activity, and preventing substance abuse. It is hypothesized that social marketing could further enhance the effectiveness of the Coordinated Approach To Child Health (CATCH) Central Texas Middle School Project, a school-based obesity prevention program.^ The development, implementation, and initial evaluation of the get ur 60 campaign, to promote the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended sixty minutes of daily activity, is described in this paper. Various components of the get ur 60 campaign were assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign during the first semester of implementation. At the end of the spring semester focus groups were held to collect student reactions to the first semester of the get ur 60 campaign.^ The initial results from the first semester of get ur 60 have demonstrated that the campaign as designed was feasible to implement, accepted at all intervention schools, and resulted in a measure of success. ^

Something real: A social marketing approach to smoking prevention among Montevideo youth

Uruguay has some of the strictest tobacco-control laws in Latin America. Despite this, youth smoking rates in Uruguay are amongst the highest in South America. Thus, it is important to identify strategies to prevent youth smoking in Uruguay. The current qualitative research study sought to identify intrapersonal and socioenvironmental factors that are associated with smoking among middle school youth in Uruguay. It also sought to develop potential prevention strategies and media messages that would resonate with youth for a social media campaign. The study was grounded in social cognitive theory and the theory of reasoned action/planned behavior, among other behavioral science theories; anthropological perspectives were also considered. To achieve these goals, 29 group and individual structured interviews were conducted in two private middle schools catering to lower and higher SES youth in Montevideo, Uruguay during the summer of 2012. One hundred and three study participants, including students, parents, and teachers, were interviewed. The structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, back translated, coded and analyzed. The study findings show that positive attitudes towards smoking (i.e. to be seen, to increase status, to ensure women's equality, to looking old, and to service as a rite of passage), delinquent behavior (i.e. transgression/deviant behavior), social norms that support smoking (i.e. peer pressure and modeling, group membership/sense of belonging, parental modeling, and family support), easy access and availability to tobacco (i.e. retails stores) were factors associated with youth smoking. Potential protective factors may include parental support, negative attitudes towards smoking, sports/music, and smoke-free environments. Because study participants are accustomed to government-sponsored strong countermarketing graphic imaging, study participants selected even stronger images and messages as the preferred way to receive tobacco prevention messages. Something Real ("Algo Real") was a theme that resonated with the participants and chosen as the name for the proposed campaign. This campaign was designed as a multiple component intervention that included mass, school base, and family based strategies to prevent tobacco use. Some intervention materials specific to these intervention components were developed to target relevant intrapersonal and socioenvironmental factors identified above. These materials will be tested in future pilot studies and larger scale evaluation with this population, outside the scope of this dissertation. ^

Campaña de Marketing Social

Hoy en día existe poco interés por parte de la población mendocina, al asesorarse en temas como la prevención de enfermedades respiratorias, más aun en informarse a cerca de la tuberculosis, a eso le sumamos la nula difusión masiva por parte de medios o el mismo gobierno en lanzar campañas de concientización. Esto provoca una total desinformación dentro del territorio mendocino y conlleva a un mayor índice de contagios haciendo que el control de las enfermedades sea más complicado. Al proceso de desinformación e ignorancia de gran parte de los habitantes de la provincia, contribuye a un antecedente relevante del proceso comunicativo que se traslada a las escuelas primarias de Mendoza. Se advierte una debilidad institucional dentro del núcleo social-salud de las escuelas en generar ámbitos comunicacionales para la prevención y control de enfermedades respiratorias. Dicho de otro modo, el plan de estudios a nivel primario casi no contempla contenidos relacionados con la salud, se puede decir que es una institución débil en contenidos comunicativos e informativos.

Nuevos modos de socialización : El rol del cuerpo en el marco de las sociedades de control

Este trabajo reflexiona a nivel teórico sobre el cuerpo en un contexto histórico-global donde las nuevas tecnologías complejizan su lugar tradicional en los espacios de socialización. Los intercambios sociales tradicionales se caracterizaron por un soporte subjetivo en el cuerpo mientras que en la contemporaneidad la virtualidad posibilita la ausencia del mismo en las relaciones. ¿Existen otro tipo de lazos sociales que prescinden del cuerpo? O se trata de estrategias de marketing del self publicitado, por ejemplo en la web, buscando redefinir la subjetividad y los modos de lazo social. ¿La imagen es un discurso o reemplaza a lo corporal? Según Deleuze en las sociedades de control nos encontramos ante cambios culturales donde el avance de la informática genera cambios subjetivos y produce -a la vez- integración y exclusión social. Se modifica la relación entre tiempo/espacio y por lo tanto, inferimos que se reconfiguran los registros perceptivos del otro y de uno mismo en el intercambio social. ¿Cómo se redefine el lugar del cuerpo en este contexto? Este trabajo no pretende desestimar los cambios sociales acontecidos sino entender el modo en el que los mismos se integran en la vida cotidiana y establecen nuevas modos, saberes y espacios de socialización.

Nuevos modos de socialización : El rol del cuerpo en el marco de las sociedades de control

Este trabajo reflexiona a nivel teórico sobre el cuerpo en un contexto histórico-global donde las nuevas tecnologías complejizan su lugar tradicional en los espacios de socialización. Los intercambios sociales tradicionales se caracterizaron por un soporte subjetivo en el cuerpo mientras que en la contemporaneidad la virtualidad posibilita la ausencia del mismo en las relaciones. ¿Existen otro tipo de lazos sociales que prescinden del cuerpo? O se trata de estrategias de marketing del self publicitado, por ejemplo en la web, buscando redefinir la subjetividad y los modos de lazo social. ¿La imagen es un discurso o reemplaza a lo corporal? Según Deleuze en las sociedades de control nos encontramos ante cambios culturales donde el avance de la informática genera cambios subjetivos y produce -a la vez- integración y exclusión social. Se modifica la relación entre tiempo/espacio y por lo tanto, inferimos que se reconfiguran los registros perceptivos del otro y de uno mismo en el intercambio social. ¿Cómo se redefine el lugar del cuerpo en este contexto? Este trabajo no pretende desestimar los cambios sociales acontecidos sino entender el modo en el que los mismos se integran en la vida cotidiana y establecen nuevas modos, saberes y espacios de socialización.

Nuevos modos de socialización : El rol del cuerpo en el marco de las sociedades de control

Este trabajo reflexiona a nivel teórico sobre el cuerpo en un contexto histórico-global donde las nuevas tecnologías complejizan su lugar tradicional en los espacios de socialización. Los intercambios sociales tradicionales se caracterizaron por un soporte subjetivo en el cuerpo mientras que en la contemporaneidad la virtualidad posibilita la ausencia del mismo en las relaciones. ¿Existen otro tipo de lazos sociales que prescinden del cuerpo? O se trata de estrategias de marketing del self publicitado, por ejemplo en la web, buscando redefinir la subjetividad y los modos de lazo social. ¿La imagen es un discurso o reemplaza a lo corporal? Según Deleuze en las sociedades de control nos encontramos ante cambios culturales donde el avance de la informática genera cambios subjetivos y produce -a la vez- integración y exclusión social. Se modifica la relación entre tiempo/espacio y por lo tanto, inferimos que se reconfiguran los registros perceptivos del otro y de uno mismo en el intercambio social. ¿Cómo se redefine el lugar del cuerpo en este contexto? Este trabajo no pretende desestimar los cambios sociales acontecidos sino entender el modo en el que los mismos se integran en la vida cotidiana y establecen nuevas modos, saberes y espacios de socialización.

Food safety control system of Chinese eel exports and its challenges

This paper analyzes factors associated with the rejection of products at ports of importer countries and remedial actions taken by producers in China. As an example, it uses one of the most competitive agro-food products of China: live and processed eels. This paper provides an overview of eel production and trade trends in China. In addition, it identifies the causes of port rejection of Chinese eel products as veterinary drug residues by examining the detailed case studies of export firms and the countermeasures taken by the government and firms.

Balanced scorecard to improve strategic management control at School of Mines and Energy, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

We studied the situation in Spanish public universities regarding the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), as an instrument of control and strategic management. Also, we studied its application to the School of Mines and Energy at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. The main advantage of the BSC is that improves the organizational structure of the workplace and the achievement of the objectives that ensure long-term success. First we review the strategy for success used in the Spanish educational system and specifically in the Spanish public universities. Then using the BSC and applying the main strategic lines for the successful management of the School of Mines and Energy at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. The strategic lines affect all the college groups and the success of the BSC tool is to increase communication between the faculties, personal auxiliary, students and society in general that make up the university. First we performed a SWOT analysis (DAFO in Spanish) there are proposed different perspectives that focus the long-term strategic objectives. The BSC is designed based on the strategic objectives that set the direction through using indicators and initiatives, the goals are achieved up to the programmed schedule. In the perspective of teaching, objectives are set to update facilities and increase partnerships with other universities and businesses, encouraging ongoing training of staff and improved coordination and internal communication. The internal process perspective aims at improving the marketing, the promotion of the international dimension of the school through strategic alliances, better mobility for students and professors and improved teaching and research quality results. It continues with improving the image of the school between customer?s perspective, the quality perceived by students and the loyalty of the teaching staff by retaining talent. Finally, the financial perspective which should contain costs without harming the quality, improving the employability of students and achieve relevant jobs at teaching and research through international measurement standards.

Viabilidad de un centro tecnológico de innovación y control de calidad en Puertollano

El proyecto tiene por objeto la realización de los estudios técnicos, económicos y de mercado necesarios para definir la estrategia de creación de un Centro Tecnológico en Puertollano (Ciudad Real), ya que no existe en Castilla-La Mancha y tampoco en España un Laboratorio de estas características que trate conjuntamente campos muy demandados por los sectores de las Energías Renovables y la Industria Energética, lo que potenciará en un futuro inmediato un importante campo de negocio. Con el propósito de tener una estrategia adecuada en el desarrollo e implantación de este Centro se ha realizado un estudio de la optimización de los servicios a prestar mediante la implantación de Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad y Sistemas de Gestión de Actividades de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+I) en relación con la actividad del negocio y fomentar en este aspecto la colaboración de las Administraciones y Universidades. El déficit en la competitividad de la economía española afecta a los conceptos íntimamente ligados de calidad y seguridad. Las exigencias cada vez mayores de seguridad y controles metrológicos de normativas europeas en el uso de energías, combustibles e industria, prevén un horizonte muy interesante para los servicios colaterales del Control de Calidad. ABSTRACT The main objetive of this project is to make a technical, economical and marketing study to define the creation strategy of a Technological Centre in Puertollano (Ciudad Real), since there is none in Castilla-La Mancha, or in Spain. Such laboratory would jointly manage fields of high demand by the Renevable Energy Industry sectors, that would enable the development of an important business field. With the purpose of having an appropriate strategy for the development and implementation of this centre, a service optimization study has been made, using the Quality Management Investigation, and ID Systems. This is related to business activities and seeks to foment the colaboration with the Administration and universities. The competitiviness déficit of the Spanish Economy, affects some closely related concepts of quality and security. The constantly growing requirements of security and metrological controls, due to energy, fuel and industry european laws, anticípate an interesting progress for the colateral services of Quality Control.

Operative GABAergic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in experimental epilepsy

Patch–clamp recordings of CA1 interneurons and pyramidal cells were performed in hippocampal slices from kainate- or pilocarpine-treated rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy. We report that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition in pyramidal neurons is still functional in temporal lobe epilepsy because: (i) the frequency of spontaneous GABAergic currents is similar to that of control and (ii) focal electrical stimulation of interneurons evokes a hyperpolarization that prevents the generation of action potentials. In paired recordings of interneurons and pyramidal cells, synchronous interictal activities were recorded. Furthermore, large network-driven GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents were present in pyramidal cells during interictal discharges. The duration of these interictal discharges was increased by the GABA type A antagonist bicuculline. We conclude that GABAergic inhibition is still present and functional in these experimental models and that the principal defect of inhibition does not lie in a complete disconnection of GABAergic interneurons from their glutamatergic inputs.

Insect prevention and control in plants processing dry milk /

Cover title.

Concentration of control in American industry.

Study initiated by the Research Dept. of the League for Industrial Democracy. cf.Pref.

Items of interest in seed control /

Description based on: Spring 1996; title from cover.

Automatic control of the physiological functions of the organism during surgery,

Translated from Meditinsinskaya Tekhnika, Russian, no. 2, 1968, pp 5-13