Travel Report from the first field trip within the SIDA supported project "Mini-grids supplied by renewable energy - improving technical and social feasibility : Including visits to Ihushi Development Center, Tweyambe Secondary School and Mavuno Project in Tanzania. Conducted in April 2011

This report describes the outcome of the first visit to Tanzania, within the project "Mini-grids supplied by renewable energy - improving technical and social feasibility". The trip included visits to three different organizations; Ihushi Development Center (IDC) near Mwanza, TIDESO near Bukoba, and Mavuno Project in Karagwe. At IDC, a brief evaluation of the current power system was done and measuring equipment for long term measurements were installed. At all three locations investigations regarding the current and future electricity demand were conducted and connections to people relevant to the study were established. The report is including as well some technical specifications as some observations regarding organization and management of the technical systems. The trip was including only short visits and therefore only brief introductions to the different organizations, based on observations done by the author. The report is hence describing the author’s understanding of the technical system and social structures after only short visits to each of the organizations, and may differ from observations done at another point in time, over a different time period, or by some other person.This report describes the outcome of the first visit to Tanzania, within the project "Mini-grids supplied by renewable energy - improving technical and social feasibility". The trip included visits to three different organizations; Ihushi Development Center (IDC) near Mwanza, TIDESO near Bukoba, and Mavuno Project in Karagwe. At IDC, a brief evaluation of the current power system was done and measuring equipment for long term measurements were installed. At all three locations investigations regarding the current and future electricity demand were conducted and connections to people relevant to the study were established. The report is including as well some technical specifications as some observations regarding organization and management of the technical systems. The trip was including only short visits and therefore only brief introductions to the different organizations, based on observations done by the author. The report is hence describing the author’s understanding of the technical system and social structures after only short visits to each of the organizations, and may differ from observations done at another point in time, over a different time period, or by some other person.

The implications of embodiment and Putty-Clay to economic development

In this paper we construct and analyze a growth model with the following three ingredients. (i) Technological progress is embodied. (ii) The production function of a firm is such that the firm makes both technology upgrade as well as capital and labor decisions. (iii) The firm’s production technology is putty-clay. We assume that there are disincentives to the accumulation of capital, resulting in a divergence between the social and the private cost of investment. We solve a single firm’s problem in this environment. Then we determine general equilibrium prices of capital goods of different vintages. Using these prices we aggregate firms’ decisions and construct the theoretical analogues of National Income statistics. This generates a relationship between disincentives and per capita incomes. We analyze this relationship and show the quantitative and qualitative roles of embodiment and putty-clay. We also show how the model is taken to data, quantified and used to determine to what extent income gaps across countries can be attributed to disincentives.

The obstacles to açaí exportation in Brazil

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender os obstáculos que enfrenta a exportação de açaí do lado da oferta e dar recomendações às autoridades públicas e empresas de polpa sobre como superá-los. Com uma análise qualitativa baseada em entrevistas com as partes da cadeia de suprimentos, o estudo explica esses problemas através de um quadro de cinco variáveis principais: oferta de produto, preço, logística, legislação e qualidade. Açaí, fruto da Euterpe Oleracea, tem estadono centro da dieta tradicional das populações do estuário do Amazonasdurante séculos. Devido as suas propriedades nutritivas, tornou-se famoso no Brasil nos anos 2000 e a demanda cresceu. Exportações começaram a ser significativas um pouco mais tarde e aumentaram rapidamente depois. No entanto, a cadeia produtiva do açaí é complexa e levanta muitas questões que dificultam a exportação. A oferta não conseguiu acompanhar o ritmo da demanda e os preços dispararam. Isto porque a produção é difícil de aumentar, altamente sazonal e a cadeia de fornecimento conta muitos intermediários. Além disso, a disponibilidade de açaí é instável porque as empresas de polpa lutam para enfrentar problemas de sazonalidade, falta de financiamento e tendem a ser mal geridas. Logística é um desafio porque o açaí é altamente perecível e produzido em regiões remotas. Por isso deve ser processado rapidamente e transportado congelado. A qualidade é um problema muito forte: não há controle claro sobre a segurança e a concentração do produto. Finalmente, está faltando uma nomenclatura específica para a exportação do açaí que enfrenta fortes barreiras não-tarifárias nos países importadores. Para superar esses problemas, as autoridades públicas devem melhorar as infraestruturas em áreas de produção, intensificar a investigação pública para desenvolver plantações e aumentar a produtividade. O sistema de financiamento deve ser mais adaptado e acessível, o quadro jurídico de qualidade deve ser mais forte e uma nomenclatura deve ser definida para o açaí. Indústrias de polpa devem tentar evitar intermediários, diversificar a produção de polpa para outras frutas, investir na capacidade de armazenamento, cooperar mais entre elas e ter uma melhor visão de mercado.

Impact assessment and quality analysis of corporate social responsability (CSR) programs of mining companies and their contribution to sustainable development in the communities they operate: case study Tenke Fungurume Mining SA in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Purpose – This case study presents an impact assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs of the TFM Company in order to understand how they contribute to the sustainable development of communities in areas in which they operate. Design/Methodology/Approach - Data for this study was collected using qualitative data methods that included semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions most of them audio and video recorded. Documentary analysis and a field visit were also undertaken for the purpose of quality analysis of the CSR programs on the terrain. Data collected was analyzed using the Seven Questions to sustainability (7Qs) framework, an evaluation tool developed by the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) North America chapter. Content analysis method was on the other hand used to examine the interviews and FGDs of the study participants. Findings - Results shows that CSR programs of TFM SA do contribute to community development, as there have been notable changes in the communities’ living conditions. But whether they have contributed to sustainable development is not yet the case as programs that enhance the capacity of communities and other stakeholders to support these projects development beyond the implementation stage and the mines operation lifetime need to be considered and implemented. Originality/Value – In DRC, there is paucity of information of research studies that focus on impact assessment of CSR programs in general and specifically those of mining companies and their contribution to sustainable development of local communities. Many of the available studies cover issues of minerals and conflict or conflict minerals as mostly referred to. This study addressees this gap.

Traffic soil compaction of an oxisol related to soybean development and yield

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Myocardial contractile dysfunction contributes to the development of heart failure in rats with aortic stenosis

Objectives: To analyze the potential contribution of contractility state and ventricular geometry to the development of heart failure in rats with aortic stenosis.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: compensated aortic stenosis (AS, n = 11), heart failure AS (n = 12) and control rats (C, n = 13).Results: After 21 weeks, failing AS rats presented higher systolic (C = 36.6 +/- 3.1, AS-78.6 +/- 4.8*, failing AS = 104.6 +/- 7.8*) and diastolic meridian stress (C = 6.9 +/- 0.4, AS = 20.1 +/- 1.1*, failing AS = 43.2 +/- 3.2*(dagger)), hydroxyproline (C = 3.6 +/- 0.7 mg/g, AS = 6.6 +/- 0.6* mg/g, failing AS = 9.2 +/- 1.4*(dagger) mg/g) and cross-sectional area (C = 338 +/- 25 mu m(2), AS = 451 +/- 32* mu m(2), failing AS = 508 +/- 36*(dagger) mu m(2)), in comparison with control and compensated AS animals (*p < 0.05 vs. control, (dagger)p < 0.05 vs. AS). In the isometric contraction study, considering the time from peak tension to 50% relaxation (RT50), the relative variation responses, following post-rest contraction and increase in Ca2+ concentration, were higher in failing AS than compensated AS animals. In contrast, following post-rest contraction, compensated AS group presented higher values of the peak developed tension (DT) than failing AS group. Following beta-adrenergic stimulation, control animals presented higher values of +dT/dt and -dT/dt than AS animals. In addition, failing AS animals presented higher TPT values than compensated AS animals.Conclusion: Myocardial contractile dysfunction contributes to the development of heart failure in rats with aortic stenosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Application of Factorial Design Experiments to the Development of a Disposable Amperometric DNA Biosensor

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sociodemographic vulnerability in the Caribbean: an examination of the social and demographic impediments to equitable development with participatory citizenship in the Caribbean at the dawn of the twenty-first century

Includes bibliography

From technological dependence to technological development: the case of the USIMINAS steel plant in Brazil

Includes bibliography

The housing problem in Latin America in relation to structural development factors

Includes bibliography