Consensus statement on the investigation and management of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA)

Aim Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is axial inflammatory arthritis where plain radiographic damage is not evident. An unknown proportion of these patients will progress to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The increasing recognition of nr-axSpA has been greatly assisted by the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this article was to construct a set of consensus statements based on a literature review to guide investigation and promote best management of nr-axSpA. Methods A literature review using Medline was conducted covering the major investigation modalities and treatment options available. A group of rheumatologists and a radiologist with expertise in investigation and management of SpA reviewed the literature and formulated a set of consensus statements. The Grade system encompassing the level of evidence and strength of recommendation was used. The opinion of a patient with nr-axSpA and a nurse experienced in the care of SpA patients was also sought and included. Results The literature review found few studies specifically addressing nr-axSpA, or if these patients were included, their results were often not separately reported. Fourteen consensus statements covering investigation and management of nr-axSpA were formulated. The level of agreement was high and ranged from 8.1 to 9.8. Treatment recommendations vary little with established AS, but this is primarily due to the lack of available evidence on the specific treatment of nr-axSpA. Conclusion The consensus statements aim to improve the diagnosis and management of nr-axSpA. We aim to raise awareness of this condition by the public and doctors and promote appropriate investigation and management.

Men in nursing: A thematic analysis of male nursing students experiences of nursing education in regional New Zealand

There is considerable debate about the effects the inclusion of men in nursing have on the quality of patient care and the profession itself. Whilst nursing is seen as a predominately female orientated career, it is often forgotten that the patron saint of nursing is actually a man – St Camillus of Lellis, a 16th century Italian Monk. However, evolution both politically and religiously had meant that the contemporary male figure within the nursing fraternity slowly gave way to women as men became more engaged with careers more befitting their social standing such as medicine, the church or the military Surprisingly, opinion about whether men are suitable within the profession continues to be a divided issue. Men enter the profession for a multitude of reasons, yet barriers whether emotional, verbal or sexual are still present. However, nursing is attractive because the variety of work enables an easy transition between specialties and the scope for career advancement is exciting both clinically and academically especially with the recent inception of nurse practitioner and nurse consultant roles.

Multidisciplinary review of teaching and assessing competency attainment by non-medical prescribers

Background Prescribing is a complex task, requiring specific knowledge and skills, and the execution of effective, context-specific clinical reasoning. Systematic reviews indicate medical prescribing errors have a median rate of 7% [IQR 2%-14%] of medication orders [1-3]. For podiatrists pursuing prescribing rights, a clear need exists to ensure practitioners develop a well-defined set of prescribing skills, which will contribute to competent, safe and appropriate practice. Aim To investigate the methods employed to teach and assess the principles of effective prescribing in the undergraduate podiatry program and compare and contrast these findings with four other non-medical professions who undertake prescribing after training at Queensland University of Technology. Method The NPS National Prescribing Competency Standards were employed as the prescribing standard. A curriculum mapping exercise was undertaken to determine whether the prescribing principles articulated in the competency standards were addressed by each profession. Results A range of methods are currently utilised to teach prescribing across disciplines. Application of prescribing competencies to the context of each profession appears to influence the teaching methods used. Most competencies were taught using a multimodal format, including interactive lectures, self-directed learning, tutorial sessions and clinical placement. In particular clinical training was identified as the most consistent form of educating safe prescribers across all five disciplines. Assessment of prescribing competency utilised multiple techniques including written and oral examinations and research tasks, case studies, objective structured clinical examination exercises and the assessment of clinical practice. Effective and reliable assessment of prescribing undertaken by students in diverse settings remains challenging e.g. that occurring in the clinical practice environment. Conclusion Recommendations were made to refine curricula and to promote efficient cross-discipline teaching by staff from the disciplines of podiatry, pharmacy, nurse practitioner, optometry and paramedic science. Students now experience a sophisticated level of multidisciplinary learning in the clinical setting which integrates the expertise and skills of experience prescribers combined with innovative information technology platforms (CCTV and live patient assessments). Further work is required to establish a practical, effective approach to the assessment of prescribing competence especially between the university and clinical settings.

Identifying advanced practice: A national survey of a nursing workforce

Background The size and flexibility of the nursing workforce has positioned nursing as central to the goals of health service improvement. Nursing's response to meeting these goals has resulted in proliferation of advanced practice nursing with a confusing array of practice profiles, titles and roles. Whilst numerous models and definitions of advanced practice nursing have been developed there is scant published research of significant scope that supports these models. Consequently there is an ongoing call in the literature for clarity and stability in nomenclature, and confusion in the health industry on how to optimise the utility of advanced practice nursing. Objectives To identify and delineate advanced practice from other levels of nursing practice through examination of a national nursing workforce. Design A cross-sectional electronic survey of nurses using the validated Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool based on the Strong Model of Advanced Practice. Participants Study participants were registered nurses employed in a clinical service environment across all states and territories of Australia. Methods A sample of 5662 registered nurses participated in the study. Domain means for each participant were calculated then means for nursing position titles were calculated. Position titles were grouped by delineation and were compared with one-way analysis of variance on domain means. The alpha for all tests was set at 0.05. Significant effects were examined with Scheffe post hoc comparisons to control for Type 1 error. Results The survey tool was able to identify position titles where nurses were practicing at an advanced level and to delineate this cohort from other levels of nursing practice, including nurse practitioner. The results show that nurses who practice at an advanced level are characterised by high mean scores across all Domains of the Strong Model of Advanced Practice. The mean scores of advanced practice nurses were significantly different from nurse practitioners in the Direct Care Domain and significantly different from other levels of nurse across all domains. Conclusions The study results show that the nurse practitioner, advanced practice nurse and foundation level registered nurse have different patterns of practice and the Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool has the capacity to clearly delineate and define advanced practice nursing. These findings make a significant contribution to the international debate and show that the profession can now identify what is and what is not advanced practice in nursing.

Práticas dos enfermeiros na estratégia de saúde da família sob a ótica do agente comunitário de saúde

Esta pesquisa provém da dissertação de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ENF/UERJ) e apresenta como objeto de estudo as práticas dos enfermeiros na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) sob a ótica do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS). Este estudo está vinculado às pesquisas Práticas de cuidado no SUS: o papel do enfermeiro na Atenção Básica e Abordagem interdisciplinar das novas relações e processos de trabalho em saúde: o caso dos agentes comunitários de saúde. O interesse em estudar tais práticas decorreu da vivência como enfermeira de família, atuando com a assistência aos usuários e como chefe de equipe, surgindo reflexões e inquietações em torno das práticas de saúde realizadas pelo enfermeiro e como estas são vistas pelo agente de saúde. Sendo assim, surge o questionamento: Qual a visão dos agentes comunitários de saúde em relação às praticas de saúde desenvolvidas por enfermeiros na Estratégia de Saúde da Família? A fim de responder esta questão, definiu-se como objetivo geral: analisar as práticas dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde-Família do município do Rio de Janeiro, sob a ótica dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e objetivos específicos: identificar as práticas de saúde desenvolvidas por enfermeiros na perspectiva do Agente Comunitário de saúde e conhecer os fatores determinantes destas práticas e sua correlação com o trabalho na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, tendo sido realizado no município do Rio de Janeiro, de 2008 a 2010. A fonte dados foi um conjunto de narrativas de ACS do estudo Abordagem Interdisciplinar dos Novos Processos e Condições de Trabalho em Saúde: o Caso dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção dos sujeitos foi realizada a partir de uma varredura do banco de narrativas, selecionando aquelas nas quais os ACS discorrem sobre as práticas dos enfermeiros. De um total de 60 ACS, foram selecionados 7 agentes. As narrativas analisadas formaram tres categorias: cuidados do enfermeiro na ESF; práticas do enfermeiro na ESF; fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na ESF. Com a análise foi possível identificar que o ACS enxerga o enfermeiro como cuidador, através do acolhimento, resolução de problemas e consultas de enfermagem. A prática do enfermeiro é vista pelo agente de saúde através da supervisão, como educador em saúde e através das visitas domiciliares. Entretanto, tais práticas são determinadas por fatores que as facilitam ou a dificultam. As facilidades de atuação do enfermeiro estão em gostar da profissão, a criação do vínculo entre o profissional e o usuário e a presença de uma equipe completa na ESF. Já as dificuldades são encontradas quando o enfermeiro não tem a equipe completa, falta de infraestrutura e recursos materiais no serviço. Ao olhar as práticas de saúde dos enfermeiros na ESF foi possível identificar como elas são desenvolvidas na visão de outros membros da equipe, neste caso os ACS, contribuindo na compreensão de como obter uma melhoria do cuidado à família, de forma qualitativa e humanizada.

Domain 4: The Education Function.

This chapter examines the role of the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) within the domains of practice identified by the Royal College of Nursing (2002) as the teaching and coaching function. (Note that this is referred to by the NMC as the education function. It approaches the analysis against the backdrop of three policy documents: The Expert Patient: a new approach to chronic disease management for the 21st century(DoH 2001), Choosing Health: making healthy choices easier (DoH 2004), Our health, our care, our say (DoH 2006). It draws into the frame the experiences of ANP students as they work with patients, clients and carers, with the intention of enabling health and managing illness. It uses examples from a range of everyday practice setting to illustrate the inherent challenges of the teaching and coaching function of the ANP, at the same time as recognising its significance if patients, clients and carers are to be enabled to make choices that might optimize their well-being. Before this, however, some statistics are presented to focus thinking on why education is an invaluable component of advanced nursing practice.

L’acceptation des rôles de l’infirmière praticienne en première ligne selon les caractéristiques socio-démographiques des usagers de CLSC

Le but de cette étude était de mesurer le niveau d’acceptation des rôles de l’infirmière praticienne de première ligne (IPPL) par les usagers de CLSC, selon les caractéristiques socio-démographiques de ceux-ci. La collecte de données pour cette recherche synthétique comparative s’est effectuée dans cinq CLSC de la région montréalaise par des questionnaires auto-administrés. L’échantillon accidentel est composé de 316 personnes de 18 ans et plus, se présentant au CLSC pour un problème de santé. Ces personnes étaient sollicitées par des affiches ou par des suggestions de la réceptionniste dans les salles d’attente. Les résultats révèlent que près de 40% de l’échantillon acceptent tous les rôles de l’IPPL. Des analyses de régression logistique montrent que les personnes ayant un revenu annuel élevé (supérieur à 40000$) sont plus susceptibles d’accepter tous les rôles de l’IPPL. Ces résultats vont permettre aux décideurs de prendre les mesures nécessaires pour implanter ce nouveau groupe professionnel ; ils peuvent également aider les IPPL à concevoir des stratégies pour faire une promotion efficiente de leur rôle en pratique avancée auprès de la population.

Facteurs influençant l'implantation des adjoints au médecin au Québec

Cette étude exploratoire a pour but d’identifier les facteurs pouvant influencer l’implantation des adjoints au médecin dans le système de santé québécois, selon les perceptions de médecins omnipraticiens et de médecins spécialistes. La collecte de données pour cette étude qualitative s’est effectuée à l’aide d’entrevues semi-structurées effectuées auprès de 13 omnipraticiens et spécialistes provenant d’hôpitaux de Montréal et de la clinique médicale des Forces canadiennes de St-Jean (Québec). L’étude a démontré que des obstacles perçus, tels que le corporatisme et le manque d’information sur la profession, pourraient interférer avec l’intégration des adjoints au médecin au Québec. Cependant, les participants s’entendent pour dire que ces obstacles ne seraient pas insurmontables et ont, par la même occasion, identifié de nombreux éléments pouvant faciliter cette intégration. Les adjoints au médecin ont des compétences uniques et travaillent déjà dans d’autres provinces canadiennes qui ont un réseau de santé similaire au nôtre. Cette étude permet donc d’approfondir les connaissances à l’égard de cette profession, en plein essor au pays, dans l’éventualité d’une intégration de ce groupe professionnel au Québec.

Initier une démarche d’analyse de la performance des services infirmiers

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des Sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en Administration des services infirmiers, option stage

Efectos del consumo de cigarrillo en la presentación y severidad de la dismenorrea

Introducción: La dismenorrea se presenta como una patología cada vez más frecuente en mujeres de 16-30 años. Dentro de los factores asociados a su presentación, el consumo de tabaco ha revelado resultados contradictorios. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la asociación entre el consumo de cigarrillo y la presentación de dismenorrea, y determinar si los trastornos del ánimo y la depresión, alteran dicha asociación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia analítica en mujeres de la Universidad del Rosario matriculadas en pregrado durante el primer semestre de 2013, para determinar la asociación entre el consumo de tabaco y la presentación de dismenorrea. En el estudio se tuvieron en cuenta variables tradicionalmente relacionadas con dismenorrea, incluyendo las variables ansiedad y depresión como potenciales variables de confusión. Los registros fueron analizados en el programa Estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics Versión 20.0. Resultados: Se realizaron 538 cuestionarios en total. La edad promedio fue 19.92±2.0 años. La prevalencia de dismenorrea se estimó en 89.3%, la prevalencia de tabaquismo 11.7%. No se encontró una asociación entre dismenorrea y tabaquismo (OR 3.197; IC95% 0.694-14.724). Dentro de las variables analizadas, la depresión y la ansiedad constituyen factores de riesgo independientes para la presentación de dismenorrea con una asociación estadísticamente significativa p=0.026 y p=0.024 respectivamente. El análisis multivariado encuentra como factor determinante en la presentación de dismenorrea, la interacción de depresión y ansiedad controlando por las variables tradicionales p<0.0001. Sin embargo, esta asociación se pierde cuando se analiza en la categoría de dismenorrea severa y gana relevancia el uso de métodos de anticoncepción diferentes a los hormonales, mientras que el hecho de haber iniciado la vida sexual presenta una tendencia limítrofe de riesgo. Conclusiones: No se puede demostrar que el tabaco es un factor asociado a la presentación de dismenorrea. Los trastornos del ánimo y la ansiedad constituyen factores determinantes a la presentación de dismenorrea independientemente de la presencia de otros concomitantes. Las variables de asociación se modifican cuando la variable dependiente se categoriza en su estado más severo. Se necesitan estudios más amplios y detallados para establecer dicha asociación.

The education needs of caregivers of stroke survivors in acute and community settings

Stroke is a major cause of chronic illness in Australia, where it is estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 people live with disabilities due to stroke. Given stroke's effect on survivors and the accompanying burden on caregivers, attention should be given to addressing the needs of caregivers of stroke survivors because they are central to supporting survivors living in the community. Research has shown that the information needs of caregivers are not being met across healthcare settings. Thus, some attention must be given to the development of educational materials that address caregiver needs. In this study we interviewed caregivers to determine their perspectives on support and educational needs at two different stages in the recovery of the stroke survivor: the acute hospital and the community. Despite a high level of uncertainty among caregivers in the acute and community settings, limited information was provided to assist them in their new role. A multifaceted approach would involve the development and implementation of specifically designed educational materials for caregivers, the use of a tool such as a patient-held record to assist in and improve the continuity and communication of care, and the provision of ongoing support from a stroke nurse practitioner who would follow stroke survivors from the acute setting to the community. This approach should be evaluated so that the important issue of addressing caregiver needs is given its due attention.

Evidence-based mental health nursing in Australia: our history and our future

This paper will develop a discussion related to evidence-based knowledge for mental health nursing, arguing for a historical component to be included in the comprehensive degree programme that will offer significant insights into mental health nursing knowledge from historical information and constructing implications for contemporary practice. Our understanding of the present is clearer by this looking back and forth and by adding meaning (and what the meanings mean) to what historically preceded. It allows the history of psychiatry to be a much more productive, useful, and a continual source of wisdom for the here and now. This blending of past knowledge with contemporary inquiry can offer depth in mental health nursing practices by forming a context for practice for the beginning nurse practitioner.

Folate fortification : a case study of public health policy-making

Introducing Evidence Based Health Policy: Problems and Possibilities, Section 1: What is the Problem?, 1: Competing Rationalities: Evidence based Health Policy, 2: Beyond Two Communities, Section 2: What does Evidence Mean?, 3: Evidence based Medicine - The Medical Profession and Health Policy, 4: Mind The Gap: Assessing the Quality of Evidence for Public Health Problems, 5: Health Policy and Normative Analysis: Ethics, Evidence and Politics, 6: What is New in Health Information? Evidence for Health Consumers and Policy Making, 7: From Evidence based Medicine to Evidence based Public Health, Section 3: Policy Case Studies, 8: The Viagra Affair: Evidence as the Terrain for Competing Partners, 9: Folate Fortification: A Case Study of Public Health Policy-Making in a Food Regulation Setting, 10: The Supply and Safety of Blood and Blood Products - Evidence, Risk and Policy, 11: The Development of Nurse Practitioner Policy, 12: Creating Healthy Public Policy for Oral Health: How was the Evidence Used?, 13: Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Victoria, 14: The Victorian Primary Health Care Reforms: A Case Study of Evidence-based Policy Making, 15: Evidence-based Practice in the Australian Drug Policy Community, 16: Challenging the Evidence - Women's Health Policy in Australia, 17: Evidence and Aboriginal Health Policy, 18: The Limits to Technical Rationality in the Health Inequalities Policy Process, 19: Evidence-based policy: A Technocratic Wish in a Political World, Section 4: Is the transfer of evidence into policy possible?, 20: The Community Model of Research Transfer, 21: Getting Research Transfer into Policy and Practice in Maternity Care, 22: Improving the Research and Policy Partnership: An Agenda for Research Transfer and Governance, 23: Framing and Taming 'Wicked' Problems

Small rural hospital emergency department database

This data includes activity and performance data from the emergency departments at the local hospitals (Rural Category Three Public Health Services) in the Southwest region of Victoria.

Teaching and learning innovations for postgraduate education in nursing

This paper begins with a literature review of blended learning approaches, including the creation of learning spaces in the online environment and the model of community of inquiry and collaborative learning promoted by Garrison and others. This model, comprising of three elements including ‘social presence’, ‘cognitive presence’ and ‘teaching presence’, guides academics in the development and delivery of quality programs designed to enhance each student’s experience of their course. The second part of this paper is the application of blended learning for the Deakin University Master of Nursing Practice (Nurse Practitioner), including a range of online independent learning activities, Elluminate Live use (a real time online program) and on-campus contact with students. The application of these flexible and innovative online modalities offered in this course, have been designed to promote quality learning experiences for students around their employment commitments and lifestyle factors. As an off-campus course, the Master of Nursing Practice (Nurse Practitioner) presents as a more flexible option for nurses residing in various parts of Australia. The three core elements of the model of community of inquiry and collaborative learning by Garrison and others have been integrated through online teaching and learning access and face-to-face contact for one day in two trimesters of the academic year. The success of blended learning approaches are underpinned by effective communication and interactions between both academics and students.