Ricinus communis biocompatibility histological study in the nose of Cebus apella monkeys

Lesões do tecido ósseo podem ser causadas por fatores congênitos e adquiridos e resultar em deformidade nasal com repercussão estética e funcional. O tratamento cirúrgico desses casos requer reconstruções complexas e frequentemente o uso de biomateriais. O poliuretano derivado do óleo da mamona apresenta uma fórmula com aspectos favoráveis de processabilidade, flexibilidade de formulação, ausência de emissão de vapores tóxicos e baixo custo. Entretanto, a despeito dos resultados favoráveis, estudos referentes ao uso do polímero de mamona, avaliando a reação tecidual no dorso nasal, ainda não foram realizados. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar histologicamente a biocompatibilidade do implante do polímero de mamona no dorso nasal. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados quatro macacos-pregos da espécie Cebus apella. Um defeito ósseo foi realizado no osso nasal em todos os animais e colocado um implante de polímero de mamona. A eutanásia foi realizada com 270 dias de pós-operatório, e as amostras foram submetidas a estudo histológico. RESULTADOS: Na análise histológica não foi observada a presença de granuloma de corpo estranho ou células fagocitárias. Progressiva formação óssea e maturação foram observadas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados macroscópicos e microscópicos mostraram que o implante de polímero de mamona foi biocompatível.

Abelianized obstruction for fixed points of fiber-preserving maps of surface bundles

Let f: M -> M be a fiber-preserving map where S -> M -> B is a bundle and S is a closed surface. We study the abelianized obstruction, which is a cohomology class in dimension 2, to deform f to a fixed point free map by a fiber-preserving homotopy. The vanishing of this obstruction is only a necessary condition in order to have such deformation, but in some cases it is sufficient. We describe this obstruction and we prove that the vanishing of this class is equivalent to the existence of solution of a system of equations over a certain group ring with coefficients given by Fox derivatives.

Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi: anomalias físicas, manifestações clínicas e avaliação auditiva

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1963, após a observação dos traços físicos semelhantes apresentados por sete crianças com retardo mental, baixa estatura, polegares grandes e largos e anomalias faciais. Mais tarde, novas publicações definiram outras características dessa síndrome, a qual incide em 1 a cada 300.000 nascidos e apresenta etiologia incerta. Sintomas otorrinolaringológicos e fonoaudiológicos são freqüentes, daí a importância de melhor conhecimento dessa síndrome por esses especialistas. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos as principais manifestações clínicas, traços físicos e as avaliações auditivas de cinco crianças portadoras da Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi, em atendimento na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP). Para as avaliações auditivas foram realizados exames de audiometria tonal, imitanciometria e potenciais evocados do tronco encefálico (BERA). As principais características observadas foram: retardo mental, baixa estatura, polegares largos, pirâmide nasal alta, palato ogival, má oclusão dentária, atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e de linguagem. DISCUSSÃO: Os traços físicos característicos dos portadores dessa síndrome facilitam o diagnóstico, e muitos deles são responsáveis por sintomas otorrinolaringológicos e fonoaudiológicos, como infeções de vias aéreas superiores, obstrução nasal, otites médias, hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana, surdez condutiva, hipotonia perioral e disfagia. O importante comprometimento cognitivo é responsável pelo atraso no desenvolvimento da linguagem e pelo baixo rendimento escolar. CONCLUSÕES: Frente às várias manifestações otorrinolaringológicas e fonoaudiológicas apresentadas pelas crianças portadoras da Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi, torna-se necessário que esses especialistas conheçam melhor essa síndrome para que possam fazer o diagnóstico precoce e orientar o tratamento dessas crianças.

Partial urethral obstruction of rabbit urinary bladder: stereological evidence that the increase in muscle content is mostly driven by changes in number, rather than size, of smooth muscle cells

The effects of partial urethral obstruction on the detrusor muscle of rabbit urinary bladder were investigated using stereological sampling and estimation tools. Twelve female Norfolk rabbits (2.5-3.0 kg body weight) were divided into four groups: 3, 7 and 12 weeks after surgical intervention to produce a standard partial obstruction and unobstructed controls. Following removal, bladder axes (craniocaudal, dorsoventral and laterolateral) and organ weights were recorded. Bladders were prepared for light microscopy by multistage random sampling procedures. Stereological methods were used to estimate the volume of muscle and the packing density and total number of myocyte nuclei in each bladder. We also estimated mean myocyte volume and the mean cross-sectional area and length of myocytes. Group comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance. Changes in bladder axes were mainly laterolateral and craniocaudal. Mean bladder weight increased roughly six-fold by 3 weeks and 17-fold by 12 weeks and was accompanied, on average, by 12- and 33-fold increases in total muscle volume. These variables did not differ at 3 and 7 weeks post-obstruction. Increases in muscle content were not accompanied by changes in packing densities but were associated with increases in the total numbers of myocyte nuclei (13-fold by 3 weeks, 28-fold by 12 weeks). Mean myocyte volume did not vary significantly between groups but cells in obstructed groups were shorter and wider. These findings support the notion that partial outflow obstruction leads to an increase in the number, but not mean volume, of myocytes. If due solely to myocyte mitosis, the total of 43 x 10(8) cells found at 12 weeks could be generated by the original complement of 15 x 10(7) cells if an average of only 2.1 x 10(6) new cells was produced every hour. In reality, even this modest proliferation rate is unlikely to be achieved because myocyte proliferation rates are very low and it is possible that new myocytes can arise by differentiation of mesenchymal or other precursor cells.

Muscular, functional and orthodontic changes in pre school children with enlarged adenoids and tonsils

Introduction: Hypertrophy of the adenoids and palatine tonsils is the second most frequent cause of upper respiratory obstruction and, consequently, mouth breathing in children. Prolonged mouth breathing leads to muscular and postural alterations which, in turn, cause dentosketetal changes. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine muscular, functional and dentoskeletal alterations in children aged 3-6 years. Materials and methods: Seventy-three children, including 44 with tonsil hypertrophy and 29 controls, were submitted to otorhinolaryngologic, speech pathologic and orthodontic assessment. Results: Otorhinolaryngologic evaluation revealed a higher incidence of nasal obstruction, snoring, mouth breathing, apneas, nocturnal hypersalivation, itchy nose, repeated tonsillitis and bruxism in children with tonsils hypertrophy. Speech pathologic assessment showed a higher incidence of open lip and lower tongue position, and of hypotonia of the upper and lower lips, tongue and buccinator muscle in these children, accompanied by important impairment in mastication and deglutition. Orthodontic evaluation demonstrated a higher incidence of lower mandible position in relation to the cranial base, a reduction in lower posterior facial height, transverse atresia of the palate, and a dolicofacial pattern. Conclusion: Postural and functional alterations anticipate dentoskeletal changes, except for the facial pattern. Postural alterations and the skeletal pattern seem to play an important role in infant dentofacial growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polar Multiplicities and Euler obstruction of the stable types in weighted homogeneous map germs from C-n to C-3 n >= 3

In this article we show that for corank 1, quasi-homogeneous and finitely determined map germs f : (C-n, 0)-> (C-3, 0), n >= 3 one can obtain formulae for the polar multiplicities defined on the following stable types of f, f(Delta(f) and f(Sigma(n-2,1)(f), in terms of the weights and degrees of f. As a consequence we show how to compute the Euler obstruction of such stable types, also in terms of the weights and degrees of f.

Common bile duct obstruction associated with platinosoma concinum in cat

Extrahepatic obstruction in cat,can be caused by cholelithiasis, inspissated bile, pancreatic inflammation or fibrosis, duodenal inflammation, bile duct carcinoma or liver fluke infection (Amphimerus pseudofelineus e Platynosomurn concinum). A three-year-old, female neutered siames cat was present with a two-month history of progressive letargy, anorexia and emaciation. She had severe icterus of the mucous membranes, skin, and sclerae. A diagnosis of extrahepataic biliary obstruction was made based on the increased levels of conjugated bilirubin in the serum and the ultrasonography. Hepatic fluke eggs were not diagnosed in the feces because the fibrotic bile ducts were occluded and no eggs were shed into the intestine. Cholecystoduodenostomy was done to relieve posthepatic-biliary obstruction.

Electromyographic muscle EMG activity in mouth and nasal breathing children

Mouth breathing may cause changes in muscle activity, because an upper airway obstruction leads may cause a person to extend his/her head forward, demanding a higher inspiratory effort on the accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoids). This purpose of this study is to compare, using electromyography (EMG), the activity pattern the sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles in mouth breathing children and nasal breathing children. Forty-six children, ages 8-12 years, 33 male and 13 female were included. The selected children were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of 26 mouth breathing children, and Group II, 20 nasal breathing children. EMG recordings were made using surface electrodes bilaterally in the areas of the sternocleidomastoideus and upper trapezius muscles, while relaxed and during maximal voluntary contraction. The data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis statistical test. The results indicated higher activity during relaxation and lower activity during maximal voluntary contraction in mouth breathers when compared to the nasal breathers. It is suggested that the activity pattern of the sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles differs between mouth breathing children and nasal breathing children. This may be attributed to changes in body posture which causes muscular imbalance. Because of the limitations of surface EMG, the results need to be confirmed by adding force measurements and repeating the experiments with matched subjects. Copyright © 2004 by CHROMA, Inc.

Cinedacryocystography in the diagnosis of lacrimal obstruction in children

Purpose: To analyze the cinedacryocystography in children with congenital nasolacrimal obstruction suspicion. Methods: The cinedacryocystographic examination was done in 143 children (58% of girls and 42% of boys) younger than 5 years old, suspected of congenital nasolacrimal obstruction. The exams were done under general anesthesia and the children were probed immediately when obstruction was detected. Results: Epiphora, discharge or both were the most common complaints. Nevertheless 11% children had undergone unsuccessfully probing once, no one had any radiologic evaluation previously. The cinedacryocystographic exam showed nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 65,73%. Permeable lacrimal vies were presented in 34,3% of the children with epiphora. The obstruction was mainly at the Arlt's sinus. Using the cinedacryocystography, it was possible to observe the lacrimal sac enlargement and alterations in the contiguous structures such as hypertrophic turbinates (91,1%), sinusitis (44,6%) and septum deviation (24,1%). Conclusion: Cinedacryocystographic evaluation provides important information about lacrimal system obstruction in children, therefore, it is useful in all children with suspected congenital lacrimal obstruction.

Spontaneous resolution in congenital nasolacrimal obstruction after 12 months

A retrospective observational study was performed in order to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous resolution of tearing in the congenital nasolacrimal obstruction (CNLO). Twenty-seven CNLO child carriers with spontaneous tearing resolution were evaluated according to sex, age of starting and end of symptoms. The data were evaluated by the Chi-Square Test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (p ≤ 0.05). Spontaneous resolution occurred between ages 3 and 48 months (Median = 14 months; Mean = 16.2 ± 10.5 months). The period in which the child presented tearing varied from 2 months to 47.5 months (Median = 12 months) and was similar for both sexes, with or without realization of massage. Our data support the possibility of CNLO spontaneous resolution in children beyond 12 months of age, allowing us to suggest postponed probing beyond this time period. Copyright © Informa Healthcare.

Retalho de rotação para defeitos da asa nasal

Surgical defects of the alar lobule can be difficult to repair with functional and aesthetically desirable results. Skin grafts are smoother and paler than the nasal skin. Flaps from the cheek and proximal nose can bridge the alar crease, resulting in obstruction. The authors describe a technique to repair nasal ala defects, with maintenance of the cosmetic unit, without airflow disturbance.

Management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Latin American study

PURPOSE

The Primary Closure Approach of Dog Bite Injuries of the Nose

The nose holds an outstanding position on the face, acquiring great importance within the context of facial aesthetics. Because of the functional, psychological, and social aspects of trauma in a society increasingly demanding about aesthetics, treatment institution must reduce, as accurate as possible, the sequelae that hinder social integration. This clinical report relates an immediate nasal reconstruction of a complex animal bite wound. A 7-year-old patient was victim of a dog bite with avulsion of the left nasal ala and part of the ipsilateral nasal tip. The treatment was immediate nasal reconstruction with auricular composite graft. After 1 year of follow-up, the shape of nasal ala was stable, and the color was consistent with the surrounding tissue. The 2 nasal sides exhibited satisfactory symmetry when evaluated. It can be concluded that the composite graft derived from the auricular helix is a safe option for reconstruction of nasal ala defects with compromised margins in pediatric patients when conditions of reimplantation do not exist.