994 resultados para níveis de fósforo


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Two experiments (E) were carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of fumaric acid and carbo-amino-fosfo-quelato of calcium diets of weaned pigs on performance (E1) and intestinal morphology (E2). A total of 96 and 32 pigs with initial mean weights of 5,66 kg ± 0,44kg and 5,34 ± 0,45kg , in E1 and in E2, were used respectively. Randomized block designs were used in both experiments, with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement in E1 and a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement in E2. No interaction between acidifier, source of calcium and phosphorus were found for the variables studied in the two experiments. No treatment effects were found on daily feed intake in evaluating periods. Feed conversion from 0 to 17 days was better (P<0.05) when inorganic sources of Ca and P were fed; however, no difference was observed in other periods. The averages of villus height (AV), crypt depth (PC), AV: PC relationship and mucous membrane of the duodenum and of the jejunum didn’t differ among treatments. Considering the total nursery period, no benefit was found in using an acidifier, however the carbo-amino-fosfo-quelato of calcium studied may replace the inorganic sources in the diets of piglets, with no damage to performance and to intestinal morphology.

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Assessing the soil nutrient availability to plants under lab conditions is one of the main challenges to Soil Fertility and Chemistry, due to the complex behavior and the interaction of the soil properties. Many extractant solutions associated with mechanical forms of agitation have been proposed, showing different correlations with plant growth and nutrients absorption. Using ultrasonic energy is a agitation procedure of the soil:extractant solution suspension (based on the cavitation phenomenon). It allows the establishment of relations between the amount of extracted nutrient and the ultrasonic energy level. Thus, this work aims: to evaluate the effect of cavitation intensity on the extraction of P, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in soil samples from five Latosols under different uses around Uberlândia and Uberaba, Minas Gerais State; to obtain extracting curves as function of ultrasonic energy levels; and to obtain an index from extracting curves to expresses the nutrient retention by the soil solid phase. A soil-solution suspension (ratio 1:10) was sonicated using a probe ultrasound equipment under different combinations of power and time: i) 30 W for 35, 70, 140 and 280 s; ii) 50 W for 21, 42, 84 and 168 s; and iii) 70 W for 15, 30, 60 and 120 s. The extractant solutions used were Mehlich-1 (for all elements), Olsen and distilled water for P. After each sonication, P concentration was quantified by molybdenum blue colorimetric method and Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The cavitation intensity did not affect the P extraction, only the total energy applied. The P extraction was influenced by extractant solution, decreasing as follows: Mehlich-1>Olsen>water. In cultivated Latosols, the P extraction increased linearly with ultrasonic energy, and the slope of the 1:1 linear regression reflects the P retention in the soil. The Zn and Fe extractions were influenced only by total energy applied. Mn and Cu extractions were influenced by both cavitation intensity and total ultrasonic energy. Soils containing similar amounts of P, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe may have a different extraction rate. Likewise, soils containing different amounts of those elements may have the same extraction rate.

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Due to the high supply and its attractive cost, the poultry litter has been used in the southwestern region of Parana to the improvement of soil fertility seeking greater production of grains and pastures. However, the use without technical knowledge can minimize the benefits of poultry litter or even cause undesirable effects on soil, environmental pollution and also productivity losses in the used crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different times of poultry litter application, predating the winter crop, associated with increasing levels, about soil chemical properties, release of nutrients and crop performances in four consecutive years (2011-2014). In the first three years the experimental design was randomized blocks with a split plot system and four replications. In the main plots were tested four poultry litter application times preceding the wheat production: 0, 15, 30 and 45 days before sowing (DAS); in the subplots were applied four poultry litter levels (wet basis): 0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg ha-1. Last year one more subdivision of plots was done, evaluating the use or not of nitrogen in coverage in wheat, at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The wheat cultivar used in the four years was the BRS 220. In three years it was evaluated the residual effect on soybean production (cultivar - BMX Turbo RR) and in one year on the beans. The chemical soil attributes were evaluated at four depths 0-2,5cm, 2,5-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm, and also the rate of decomposition and nutrient release of poultry litter and the crop productivity. The different times of application concerning the poultry litter had little influence on the studied variables, demonstrating that the producer does not need to have a specific date (before planting) to the application of poultry litter. Potassium was fully released 60 days after the allocation of litter bags into the field; for nitrogen and phosphorus the release was slower. The use of increasing levels of poultry litter increased the levels of various soil elements, highlighting the potassium which reached 20 cm deep in the second year of evaluation. The increase in pH and in the base saturation occurred only in the upper layers, while the phosphorus reached 10 cm deep in the third year of the study. It was observed increased pH and base saturation. The use of increasing doses of poultry litter contributed to the wheat plant nutrition, significantly increasing the weight of a thousand grains, and the grain yield of wheat in all the evaluated years; the nitrogen fertilization in coverage also had significant effect for the fourth evaluated year. Also there was a significant response from the residual effect of poultry litter for crops planted in summer for both soybeans and beans.

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A demanda por óleos vegetais tem aumentado no mundo. O tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart), que é uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia, é uma alternativa para a produção de óleo. No Pará, a camada superficial do solo, que é comumente utilizada como substrato para a formação de mudas, geralmente apresenta acidez elevada e baixa disponibilidade de fósforo (P). Diante do exposto, objetivou-se estimar o efeito da calagem e da adubação fosfatada no desenvolvimento de mudas de tucumã. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 6, correspondendo a quatro níveis de saturação por bases (V) (13, 40, 65 e 90 %) e seis doses de P (0, 30, 60, 120, 240 e 480 mg dm-3). O experimento foi desenvolvido em viveiro da empresa Dentauá, em Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará. As plantas foram cultivadas por 350 dias, em sacos de polietileno preto e perfurado, contendo 3,0 dm-3 de substrato. Observou-se interação entre níveis de V e doses de P apenas para a massa de matéria seca de parte aérea, de raiz e total, que aumentaram em resposta à aplicação de doses de calcário e fertilizante fosfatado. A calagem e a adubação fosfatada aumentaram o diâmetro do coleto e número total de folhas, mas não influenciaram a altura da planta e o índice SPAD. A correção da acidez do solo e o fornecimento de P melhoraram o desenvolvimento de mudas de tucumã.

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Avaliaram-se os efeitos da micorriza vesicular-arbuscular e das doses de fósforo sobre o crescimento e a absorção de nutrientes em mudas de seringueira, em casa-de-vegetação. Os tratamentos constaram de três doses de fósforo: 0,9; 1,8 e 2,7 g de P2O5/planta, tendo como fonte o superfosfato triplo, e dois tratamentos de inoculação: não-inoculado e inoculado com Gigaspora margarita, ambos em solo não-esterilizado. Os parâmetros analisados foram infecção radicular, altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, teor foliar e absorção de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn e Zn em materiais coletados nove meses após a instalação do experimento. A aplicação da dose de 2,7 g de P2O5/planta favoreceu a infecção radicular e 2,7 g dc P2O5/planta. O fornecimento de B ao solo, na concentração de 1 mg/kg, induziu níveis do toxicidade nas plantas.

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El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó para estudiar los rendimientos productivos en ganancia de peso (GP), ganancia media diaria (GMD) en relación a la suplementación de los minerales Calcio y Fosforo en la dieta diaria alimenticia de novillos finalizadores. Además se evaluaron las utilidades economicas de los tratamientos. Para tal efecto se definieron tres tratamientos: T1 - Indica el grupo control con 70 gr. de Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl) por animal por día. T2 - Es el suministro de 41.67 gr de NaCl y 8.33 gr. de Pecutrin por animal por día. T3 - Es el suministro de 46.67 gr. de NaCl y 23.33 gr. de Pecutrin por animal por día. Cada tratamiento se conformó de 15 novillos con peso promedio inicial de 278.5 kg. bajo pastoreo rotacional con pastos Jaragua (Hyperhenia r), Gamba (Andropogum g), Colonial (Panicum)en época lluviosa sin fertilización y alta disponibilidad de pasturas. El Diseño experimental utilizado fue el Diseño completamente al Azar (DCA) para las variables peso vivo (PV), Ganancia media Diaria (GMD), contenido mineral de Calcio y Fosforo en el suero sanguíneo por tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos en ganancia de peso vivo, demostraron que T3 (1.0556 Kg) obtuvo una mayor significacion con respecto a los tratamientos T1 (0.9254 Kg) y T2 (o.629T Kg). El contenido mineral de Calcio y Fosforo en el suero sanguíneo por tratamientos registro que el tratamiento T1 no tuvo diferencias significativas con el T2, pero si ambos tratamientos (T3 y T2) con respecto al T1, para el caso del Calcio. Para el contenido mineral Fosforo, no existe diferencias significativas para los tres tratamientos. Al realizarse el análisis económico a través de presupuestos parciales, el tratamiento que obtuvo mayor rentabilidad fue el T1 con 43.36%, seguido del tratamiento T3 con 39.55%. Queda demostrado que el suministro de 23.33 gr. de Pecutrin con 46.6 gr. Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl) en la dieta alimentaria de novillos finalizadores indico una mayor ganancia de peso vivo y una mayor ganancia media diaria en pesos. Económicamente el tratamiento que mayor rentabilidad demostró es el control (T1), seguido del tratamiento T3. El tratamiento T3 demostró mejores resultados en cuanto a pesos y rentabilidad obtenidos, y que su rentabilidad sería mayor si sus costos de inversión hubiesen sido reducidos en un 20% del valor real.

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El presente trabajo se realizó en el Centro Experimental del Algodón (C.E.A) el cual se conoce como C.E.A - FUNDA (Fundación para el Desarrollo Agrícola), ubicado en Posoltega, Chinandega. El experimento se estableció en Agosto 1992, en un suelo franco arenoso. Utilizándose la variedad Cristalina. La cosecha se realizó a los 120 días después de siembras. Los tratamientos fueron arreglados en un diseño de bloques completos al azar (B.C.A.), con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: T1= Inoculante; T2= Inoculante + 30 kg/ha de P2O5; T3= Inoculante + 60 kg/ha de P205; T4= Inoculante + 90 kg/ha de P2O5; T5 Inoculante + 10 kg/ha de N2. Se evaluó el efecto de los niveles de fósforo y de nitrógeno sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo de la soya (Glycine max (L) Merril) . En los diferentes niveles de fósforo y nitrógeno las variables evaluadas no mostraron diferencias significativas, sin embargo, numéricamente en la cantidad de nódulos, usando I + 10 kg/ha N2 (T5) ) presentó menor número y el Testigo (T1) mayor cantidad. Ei resto de los tratamientos tuvo similar comportamiento. En cuanto a la altura de la planta no se observó ningún efecto. El cultivo se desarrolló de acuerdo a la característica de la variedad Cristalina. En el rendimiento no se obtuvo diferencia significativa, sin embargo, el tratamiento con uso de inoculante y con mayor nivel de fósforo T4 (Inoculante + 90 kg/ha de P2O5), produjo un rendimiento ligeramente mayor en relación a los otros tratamientos. Entre los diferentes tratamientos evaluados en un suelo con 8 partes por millón (ppm) de fósforo se pudo concluir que el cultivo de la soya con o sin las aplicaciones de fósforo y de nitrógeno no ejercieron efectos significativos y que la forma más económica de producir soya es usando inoculantes.

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Durante el cíclo agrícola 1990-1991 se realizaron 38 experimentos en las localidades de Jalapa, Condega y Estelí, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel crítico para el Fósforo y el Potasio, además de la curva de respuesta al Nitrógeno en el cultivo de tabaco. El diseño experimental usado fue el de ensayos dispersos, descritos en el boletín No. 11 de la FAO, en el cual los tratamientos evaluados fueron: 0-0-0, 90-45-0 y 90-45-60. Los mejores resultados obtenidos se dieron con las aplicaciones de 90 y 45 kg/ha de Nitrógeno y Fósforo, tanto para producción como para calidad. Aplicaciones de Potasio en suelos de contenido mayor que 1 meq de k/100 gr de suelo redujeron de manera no significativa los rendimientos y la calidad del tabaco.