Restoration and succession of a bee community in southern St. Catharines, Ontario, within a ten-year study period

A wild bee community in southern St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, was studied from 2003 to 2012 to analyze the effects of primary succession on abundance and diversity. At a former landfill site near Brock University, which previously contained no bees, the number of bees and bee species was expected to increase rapidly following measures to restore the site to grassy meadow habitat. The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) states that over time, succession occurs. Abundance and diversity increase initially and peak when pioneers coexist with specialized species, then decline because of competitive exclusion. Alternatively, abundance and diversity may continue to increase and stabilize without declining. Bees were sampled repeatedly among years from newer restoration sites (revegetated in 2003), older restoration sites on the periphery of the former landfill (revegetated in 2000), and nearby low disturbance grassy field (i.e. control) sites. In the newer sites, bee abundance and diversity increased then decreased while in older restoration and control sites mainly decreased. This pattern of succession matches the general predictions of the IDH, although declines were at least partially related to drought. By 2006, total bee abundance levels converged among all sites, indicating rapid colonization and succession, and by 2012 diversity levels were similar among sites as well, suggesting that the bee community was fully restored or nearly so within the ten-year study period.

Le processus de succession dans les entreprises familiales : une perspective discursive

Ce mémoire a pour objet d’étude le processus de succession dans les entreprises familiales. Pour la collecte de données, nous avons choisi d’utiliser l’entrevue semi-dirigée. Notre corpus d’analyse consiste en une petite entreprise familiale québécoise oeuvrant dans le secteur des services professionnels, qui vit présentement un transfert de la première à la deuxième génération. Au total, nous avons réalisé des entrevues avec cinq personnes : les deux propriétaires-dirigeants actuels qui sont en voie d’être succédés, leur successeure,ainsi que deux employés ayant vécu de près la succession. Nous nous sommes intéressés plus spécifiquement à la dimension communicationnelle du processus de succession, dont nous avons fait la démonstration à l’aide du modèle discursif de l’organisation de Taylor (1993). Cet exercice nous a permis d’observer deux moments clés du processus, soit l’intégration à plein temps du successeur dans l’entreprise, et le moment où le rôle de leader lui est transféré, rejoignant ainsi les conclusions de Longenecker et Schoen (1978).

Gender discrimination in the law of divorce and succession among christians

The present work deals with the Gender discrimination in the law of divorce and succession among christians.Inquiries Into the personal laws bereft of the historical develcpment of the concerned communities will be extremely inadequate as they may not help the researcher to Identify the laws' real source.In this view, the origin and development of Christian law In india has not so far been adequately gone into. Keeping In view the Importance of such a study calling for an exploration of the origin and development of the Christian community and its branching out In india as a prelude to the inqury into the Christian laws, the history of the conmunity in india was examined and the present study IndIcates that christianity In india has a diverse origin in dIfferent parts of India.And this diversity has resulted in the development of different systems of personal law for different sects among them. At present Christians in India constitute a minority but their numerical strength is not negligible. Yet they have not been able to act as an Influential group either socially or politically.The social changes and developments that swept away the community of its feet have overturned the position and the liberals in the community inspired by the changes elsewhere could bring in some statute law to govern the arena traditionally held by the customs.The history of reception of canon law concepts In different parts of India throws some light on the differences In the personal laws applicable to Christians In India.