On the Ontological Quality and Logical Quality of Conceptual-Modeling Grammars: The Need for a Dual Perspective

A core activity in information systems development involves building a conceptual model of the domain that an information system is intended to support. Such models are created using a conceptual-modeling (CM) grammar. Just as high-quality conceptual models facilitate high-quality systems development, high-quality CM grammars facilitate high-quality conceptual modeling. This paper provides a new perspective on ways to improve the quality of the semantics of CM grammars. For many years, the leading approach to this topic has relied on ontological theory. We show, however, that the ontological approach captures only half the story. It needs to be coupled with a logical approach. We explain how the ontological quality and logical quality of CM grammars interrelate. Furthermore, we outline three contributions that a logical approach can make to evaluating the quality of CM grammars: a means of seeing some familiar conceptual-modeling problems in simpler ways; the illumination of new problems; and the ability to prove the benefit of modifying existing CM grammars in particular ways. We demonstrate these benefits in the context of the Entity-Relationship grammar. More generally, our paper opens up a new area of research with many opportunities for future research and practice.

The sound of a breaking string: critical environmental law and ontological vulnerability

This is a thought-provoking contribution on the space of ontological vulnerability as the awareness of being existentially exposed. This space, conceptualised as a space of ‘the middle’ (as opposed, emphatically, to ‘the centre’) offers an opportunity to think away from the sterile debate on eco/anthropocentricity and from such limiting hierarchies as animal/human, human/environmental, natural/artificial. This new, vulnerable position of the middle allows the reconfiguration of ecological processes, and more specifically the position of environmental law in relation to them. Environmental law now finds itself amidst a new, moving, ‘open ecology’ of social, biological and ecological processes. This is a new, radical conceptualisation of what the author has called ‘critical environmental law,’ based upon an epistemology of observation and an ontology of being part of this open ecology. Environmental law, in this light, is simultaneously reformulated as an invitation to disciplinary and ontological openness and yet a call to remain immanent within existing legal structures. This finds expression in four critical environmental positions that set the stage for the further elaboration of a critical environmental law.

High Altitude Increases Alteration in Maximal Torque but Not in Rapid Torque Development in Knee Extensors after Repeated Treadmill Sprinting.

We assessed knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments following repeated treadmill sprints in different normobaric hypoxia conditions, with special reference to rapid muscle torque production capacity. Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes undertook 8 × 5-s "all-out" sprints (passive recovery = 25 s) on a non-motorized treadmill in normoxia (NM; FiO2 = 20.9%), at low (LA; FiO2 = 16.8%) and high (HA; FiO2 = 13.3%) normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitudes of ~1800 m and ~3600 m, respectively). Explosive (~1 s; "fast" instruction) and maximal (~5 s; "hard" instruction) voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the knee extensors (KE), with concurrent electromyographic (EMG) activity recordings of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles, were performed before and 1-min post-exercise. Rate of torque development (RTD) and EMG (i.e., Root Mean Square or RMS) rise from 0 to 30, -50, -100, and -200 ms were recorded, and were also normalized to maximal torque and EMG values, respectively. Distance covered during the first 5-s sprint was similar (P > 0.05) in all conditions. A larger (P < 0.05) sprint decrement score and a shorter (P < 0.05) cumulated distance covered over the eight sprints occurred in HA (-8 ± 4% and 178 ± 11 m) but not in LA (-7 ± 3% and 181 ± 10 m) compared to NM (-5 ± 2% and 183 ± 9 m). Compared to NM (-9 ± 7%), a larger (P < 0.05) reduction in MVC torque occurred post-exercise in HA (-14 ± 9%) but not in LA (-12 ± 7%), with no difference between NM and LA (P > 0.05). Irrespectively of condition (P > 0.05), peak RTD (-6 ± 11%; P < 0.05), and normalized peak RMS activity for VL (-8 ± 11%; P = 0.07) and RF (-14 ± 11%; P < 0.01) muscles were reduced post-exercise, whereas reductions (P < 0.05) in absolute RTD occurred within the 0-100 (-8 ± 9%) and 0-200 ms (-10 ± 8%) epochs after contraction onset. After normalization to MVC torque, there was no difference in RTD values. Additionally, the EMG rise for VL muscle was similar (P > 0.05), whereas it increased (P < 0.05) for RF muscle during all epochs post-exercise, independently of the conditions. In summary, alteration in repeated-sprint ability and post-exercise MVC decrease were greater at high altitude than in normoxia or at low altitude. However, the post-exercise alterations in RTD were similar between normoxia and low-to-high hypoxia.

Training distribution and the acquisition of maximal isometric elbow flexion strength

Twenty-six sedentary, college-aged females were matched and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The massed group (n=13) completed 15 maximal isometric elbow flexion strength trials in one session, while the distributed group (n=13) performed five such contractions on three successive days. After a two-week and three month rest interval, both groups returned to perfonn another five maximal isometric elbow flexion strength trials to assess retention of any potential strength gains. Elbow flexion torque and surface electromyography (SEMG) of the biceps and triceps were monitored concurrently. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in strength in both groups from block one (first five contractions) to block four (first retest) and from block one to block five (second retest). Both groups exhibited a similar linear increasing (P < 0.05) trend in biceps root-mean-square (RMS) SEMG amplitude. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in triceps RMS SEMG amplitude was found between block one and block four for the distributed group. However, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was then found between block one and five for the massed group, and between blocks four and five for distributed group. These results suggest that there is flexibility in resistive exercise schedules. An increase in neural drive to the agonist muscle continued throughout testing. This was accompanied by a reduction in antagonist co activation that was a short-tenn (two weeks) training effect, dissipated over the longer rest interval (three months).

Ontological constructivism : Negri and the philosophical foundations of a future communism

As we find in Empire and Multitude, Antonio Negri's political project IS a thoroughly Marxist analysis and critique of global or late capitalism. By modifying and updating Marx's conceptual tools, he is able to provide a clear account of capitalism's processes, its expanding reach, and the revolutionary potential that functions as its motor. By turning to Negri's philosophical works, however, we find that this political analysis is founded on a series of concepts and theoretical positions. This paper attempts to clarify this theoretical foundation, highlighting in particular what I term "ontological constructivism" - Negri's radical reworking of traditional ontology. Opposing the long history of transcendence in epistemology and metaphysics (one that stretches from Plato to Kant), this reworked ontological perspective positions individuals - not god or some other transcendent source - as the primary agents responsible for molding the ontological landscape. Combined with his understanding of kairos (subjective, immeasurable time), ontological constructivism lays the groundwork for opposing transcendence and rethinking contemporary politics.

I must walk through the gate : an ontological necessity

This research is a self-study into my life as an athlete, elementary school teacher, leamer, and as a teacher educator/academic. Throughout the inquiry, I explore how my beliefs and values infused my lived experiences and ultimately influenced my constructivist, humanist, and ultimately my holistic teaching and learning practice which at times disrupted the status quo. I have written a collection of narratives (data generation) which embodied my identity as an unintelligent student/leamer, a teacher/learner, an experiential learner, a tenacious participant, and a change agent to name a few. As I unpack my stories and hermeneutically reconstruct their intent, I question their meaning as I explore how I can improve my teaching and learning practice and potentially effect positive change when instructing beginning teacher candidates at a Faculty of Education. At the outset I situate my story and provide the necessary political, social, and cultural background information to ground my research. I follow this with an in depth look at the elements that interconnect the theoretical framework of this self-study by presenting the notion of writing at the boundaries through auto ethnography (Ellis, 2000; Ellis & Bochner, 2004) and writing as a method of inquiry (Richardson, 2000). The emergent themes of experiential learning, identity, and embodied knowing surfaced during the data generation phase. I use the Probyn' s (1990) .. metaphor of locatedness to unpack these themes and ponder the question, Where is experience located? I deepen the exploration by layering Drake's (2007) KnowlDo/Be framework alongside locatedness and offer descriptions of learning moments grounded in pedagogical theories. In the final phase, I introduce thirdspace theory (Bhabha, 1994; Soja, 1996) as a space that allowed me to puzzle educational dilemmas and begin to reconcile the binaries that existed in my life both personally, and professionally. I end where I began by revisiting the questions that drove this study. In addition, Ireflect upon the writing process and the challenges that I encountered while immersed in this approach and contemplate the relevance of conducting a self-study. I leave the reader with what is waiting for me on the other side of the gate, for as Henry James suggested, "Experience is never limited, and it is never complete."

Consistent Rationalizability

Consistency of a binary relation requires any preference cycle to involve indifference only. As shown by Suzumura (1976b), consistency is necessary and sufficient for the existence of an ordering extension of a relation. Because of this important role of consistency, it is of interest to examine the rationalizability of choice functions by means of consistent relations. We describe the logical relationships between the different notions of rationalizability obtained if reflexivity or completeness are added to consistency, both for greatest-element rationalizability and for maximal-element rationalizability. All but one notion of consistent rationalizability are characterized for general domains, and all of them are characterized for domains that contain all two-element subsets of the universal set.

Comparaison de la performance à l’exercice de patients souffrant d’insuffisance cardiaque sévère à une épreuve d’effort maximal, une épreuve sous-maximale et un test de marche

L’insuffisance cardiaque est une pathologie provoquant une diminution importante des capacités fonctionnelles des patients ainsi qu’une diminution drastique de la qualité de vie. L’évaluation des capacités fonctionnelles est généralement effectuée par une épreuve d’effort maximal. Cependant pour plusieurs patients, cet effort est difficile à compléter. Les objectifs de l’étude présentée dans ce mémoire sont : (1) valider trois méthodes d’évaluation de la capacité fonctionnelle et aérobie des sujets souffrant d’insuffisance cardiaque avec un complexe QRS élargi; (2) chercher à établir le profil des patients démontrant une meilleure tolérance à l’exercice malgré une consommation maximale d’oxygène identique; et (3) démontrer les conséquences de la présence et de la magnitude de l’asynchronisme cardiaque dans la capacité fonctionnelle et la tolérance à l’exercice. Tous les sujets ont été soumis à un test de marche de six minutes, un test d’endurance à charge constante sur tapis roulant et à une épreuve d’effort maximal avec mesure d’échanges gazeux à la bouche. Les résultats ont montré une association significative entre les épreuves maximale et plus spécifiquement sous-maximale. De plus, une meilleure tolérance à l’exercice serait associée significativement à une plus grande masse du ventricule gauche. Finalement, les résultats de notre étude n’ont pas montré d’effet d’un asynchronisme cardiaque sur la performance à l’effort tel qu’évalué par nos protocoles.

Comparaison des réponses physiologiques lors d’un exercice incrémental maximal sur vélo immergé et sur terrain sec : aspects biomécaniques, cardiopulmonaires et hémodynamiques.

L’exercice en immersion dans l'eau peut générer des réponses hémodynamiques et cardiorespiratoires différentes à celles de l’exercice sur terraine sec. Cependant, aucune étude n’a comparé ces réponses sur vélo aquatique (VA) à celles sur vélo sur terrain sec (VS) à une même puissance mécanique externe (Pext). À cet égard, le premier travail de cette thèse visait, d’abord, à trouver les équivalences de Pext lors du pédalage sur VA en immersion à la poitrine par rapport au VS au laboratoire, en considérant que cela restait non déterminé à ce jour. Une équation de mécanique des fluides fut utilisée pour calculer la force déployée pour le système de pédalage (pales, leviers, pédales) et des jambes à chaque tour de pédale. Ensuite, cette force totale a été multipliée par la vitesse de pédalage pour estimer la Pext sur VA. Ayant trouvé les équivalences de Pext sur VA et VS, nous nous sommes fixés comme objectif dans la deuxième étude de comparer les réponses hémodynamiques et cardiorespiratoires lors d'un exercice maximal progressif sur VS par rapport au VA à une même Pext. Les résultats ont montré que le VO2 (p<0.0001) et la différence artério-veineuse (C(a-v)O2) (p<0.0001) étaient diminués lors de l’exercice sur VA comparativement à celui sur VS. Parmi les variables hémodynamiques, le volume d’éjection systolique (VES) (p˂0.05) et le débit cardiaque (Qc) (p˂0.05) étaient plus élevés sur VA. En plus, on nota une diminution significative de la fréquence cardiaque (FC) (p˂0.05). Étant donné qu’à une même Pext les réponses physiologiques sont différentes sur VA par rapport à celles sur VS, nous avons effectué une troisième étude pour établir la relation entre les différentes expressions de l'intensité relative de l'exercice (% du VO2max,% de la FCmax,% du VO2 de réserve (% de VO2R) et % de la FC réserve (% FCR)). Les résultats ont démontré que la relation % FCR vs % VO2R était la plus corrélée (régression linéaire) et la plus proche de la ligne d’identité. Ces résultats pourraient aider à mieux prescrire et contrôler l’intensité de l'exercice sur VA pour des sujets sains. Finalement, une dernière étude comparant la réactivation parasympathique après un exercice maximal incrémental effectué sur VA et VS en immersion au niveau de la poitrine a montré que la réactivation parasympathique à court terme était plus prédominante sur VA (i,e. t, delta 10 à delta 60 et T30, p<0.05). Cela suggérait, qu’après un exercice maximal sur VA, la réactivation parasympathique à court terme était accélérée par rapport à celle après l'effort maximal sur VS chez de jeunes sujets sains. En conclusion, nous proposons une méthode de calcul de la puissance mécanique externe sur VA en fonction de la cadence de pédalage. Nous avons démontré que pendant l’exercice sur VA les réponses hémodynamiques et cardiorespiratoires sont différentes de celles sur VS à une même Pext et nous proposons des équations pour le calcul du VO2 dans l’eau ainsi qu’une méthode pour la prescription et le contrôle de l’exercice sur VA. Finalement, la réactivation parasympathique à court terme s’est trouvée accélérée après un effort maximal incrémental sur VA comparativement à celle sur VS.

Maximal compactness, min- imal Hausdor ness and reversibility of frames and a study on automorphism group of frames

One can do research in pointfree topology in two ways. The rst is the contravariant way where research is done in the category Frm but the ultimate objective is to obtain results in Loc. The other way is the covariant way to carry out research in the category Loc itself directly. According to Johnstone [23], \frame theory is lattice theory applied to topology whereas locale theory is topology itself". The most part of this thesis is written according to the rst view. In this thesis, we make an attempt to study about 1. the frame counterparts of maximal compactness, minimal Hausdor - ness and reversibility, 2. the automorphism groups of a nite frame and its relation with the subgroups of the permutation group on the generator set of the frame

Spacelike maximal surfaces in 3D Lorentz-Minkowski space

We investigate spacelike maximal surfaces in 3-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space, give an Enneper-Weierstrass representation of such surfaces and classify those with a Lorentzian or Euclidian rotation symmetry.

Ontological beliefs and their impact on teaching elementary geometry. 'Creencias ontológicas y su impacto en la enseñanza de la geometría elemental'.

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An ontological approach to competency management

Competency management is a very important part of a well-functioning organisation. Unfortunately competency descriptions are not uniformly specified nor defined across borders: National, sectorial or organisational, leading to an opaque competency description market with a multitude of competency frameworks and competency benchmarks. An ontology is a formalised description of a domain, which enables automated reasoning engines to be built which by utilising the interrelations between entities can make “intelligent” choices in different situations within the domain. Introducing formalised competency ontologies automated tools, such as skill gap analysis, training suggestion generation, job search and recruitment, can be developed, which compare and contrast different competency descriptions on the semantic level. The major problem with defining a common formalised ontology for competencies is that there are so many viewpoints of competencies and competency frameworks. Work within the TRACE project has focused on finding common trends within different competency frameworks in order to allow an intermediate competency description to be made, which other frameworks can reference. This research has shown that competencies can be divided up into “knowledge”, “skills” and what we call “others”. An ontology has been created based on this with a simple structure of different “kinds” of “knowledges” and “skills” using semantic interrelations to define the basic semantic structure of the ontology. A prototype tool for analysing a skill gap analysis has been developed. Personal profiles can be produced using the tool and a skill gap analysis is performed on a desired competency profile by using an ontologically based inference engine, which is able to list closest fit and possible proficiency gaps