Location choice in low-income countries : evidence from Japanese investments in East Asia

Unlike most existing studies, this paper examines the location choices of MNEs in developing countries. Specifically, we investigate the location choices of Japanese MNEs among East Asian developing countries by estimating a four-stage nested logit model at the province level. Noteworthy results of location elements are as follows. As is consistent with the mechanics of cheap labor-seeking FDI, Japanese MNEs are more likely to invest in locations with low income and low tariff rates on products from Japan. Also, accessibility to other locations and/or ports matters in attracting Japanese MNEs because it is crucial in importing materials and exporting their products. In addition, WTO membership and bilateral investment treaties are important because these contribute to the settlement of trade and investment disputes, which is more likely to be necessary in developing countries.

Slow and steady wins the race : how the garment industry leads industrialization in low-income countries

This paper investigates how the garment industry escapes this vicious cycle and argues for the validity of labor-intensive industry as a starting point for full-fledged industrialization, even though it might at first seem to be a digression from the path to an innovation-led economy. By examining original firm-level data on garment-producing firms collected in 2002 and 2008 in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya and Madagascar, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) low wages, though still sufficient for poverty reduction, are the main source of competitiveness in low-income countries; (2) after the successful initiation of industrialization causes wages to begin to rise, there is still a possibility for productivity enhancement; and (3) skill bias in technological progress is not yet a major factor, implying that the garment industry is still a labor-intensive industry. In sum, labor-intensive industry should not be discounted as a part of the development strategy of low-income countries.

Consumer Driven Health Care: An Examination of the Disadvantages to Low Income Employees

As health care costs for companies continue to rise, more organizations are considering a consumer driven health plan option with the goal to engage employees so that they make better health care decisions. Although consumer driven health plan options present advantages to the employer and some employee groups, low income employees are negatively impacted by this option. Two major disadvantages include missed care and out of pocket obligations. This capstone reviews the current literature on consumer driven health care and discusses the disadvantages to low income employees. It also provides strategies and recommendations to employers who are considering a consumer driven health option plan to minimize the disadvantages to low income employees.

Compliance with the child passenger protection law: effects of a loaner program for low-income mothers. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Health status of minorities and low-income groups.

Shipping list no.: 91-296-P.

Section 3 : job training, employment, and contracting opportunities for low-income persons.

Includes index.

Persistent low-income counties in nonmetro America /

Cover title.

Optimizing weatherization investments in low-income housing : economic guidelines and forecasts /

Feb. 1980.

Changes in the economic resources of low-income households with children.

"May 2007."

Low-income medicare beneficiaries : further outreach and administrative simplification could increase enrollment : report to Congressional requesters /

"B-282061"--P. 1.

Budgeting the low income. Report of the Budget Council of Boston.

Includes bibliographies.

A report to the Illinois General Assembly pursuant to the Illinois Energy Assistance Act 305 ILCS 20 : Supplemental Low-Income Energy Assistance Fund expenditures : January 1998 through June 2003.

The Supplemental Low Income Energy Assistance Fund is the depository for energy assistance charges collected by utilities and participating municipal utilities and electric cooperatives authorized by the Electric Customer Choice and Rate Relief Act of 1997 (220 ILCS 5). The energy assistance charges provided a nonfederal funding stream to the Department for use in providing energy related assistance to low-income households under the Illinois Low Income Home Energy Assistance and Illinois Home Weatherization (LIHEAP) Programs. Since the changes were imposed in January of 1998, $406,683,769 has been deposited into the Fund through December 2003. Of this amount, the Department has spent $326,137,510 to provide energy assistance to 802,091 households; $33,845,784 to weatherize 6,584 homes; and $32,570,739 to cover administrative expenses.

Governor's Task Force on Low-Income Energy Issues : final report.

"Staffed by: Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Department of Commerce and Community Affairs, [and] Illinois Commerce Commission."

1970 census of population and housing. Employment profiles of selected low-income areas.

Each report presents data relating to neighborhoods in a different city or rural area.