Planilha eletrônica para auxilio à tomada de decisão em manejo de irrigação

The irrigation scheduling is basically the adoption of pre-established criteria to define the time and the amount of water to be applied through irrigation systems. Hence, the objective of this work was to develop and test a spreadsheet of easy comprehension, handling and interpretation by growers, which uses as inputs the physical-hydric soil attributes and tensiometer readings to the determination of irrigation depth and time. The spreadsheet enables the grower to make reading and to know in a fast way how much water to apply into the soil. The test of the spreadsheet was performed in an irrigated orchard of grapevines in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soil water retention curves and tensiometer readings from the effective rooting depth were used as a basis for obtaining the soil water matric potential, soil water content, water availability, soil water content to be replaced, net and gross irrigation depth and irrigation time. The analysis of the use of the irrigation scheduling spreadsheet resulted in a shorter time for irrigation in relation to the irrigation scheduling based only on the crop evapotranspiration. The spreadsheet can be helpful to growers adjust irrigation depth when irrigation scheduling is based only on crop evapotranspiration.

Níveis de fertirrigação na avaliação das características morfofisiológicas em mudas de pimenta malagueta

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as características morfofisiológicas de mudas de pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) sob diferentes níveis de fertirrigação, utilizando-se fertilizante líquido 10-10-10 (N-P-K). O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), com seis doses de fertilizante líquido (0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 40 mL L-1) diluídos na água de irrigação e quatro repetições. As mudas foram produzidas em viveiro telado, em bandejas de 128 células preenchidas com substrato. Realizou-se uma fertirrigação, aos 15 dias após a semeadura ( DAS). Avaliou-se, aos 30 dias após a semeadura, o número de folhas, o comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz, a área foliar e o teor de clorofila. A dose de 25 mL L-1 do fertilizante líquido 10-10-10, aplicada via fertirrigação, é recomendada para a produção de mudas de pimenta malagueta, embora tenha havido aumento da massa seca de raízes e parte aérea em dose maior.

Uso de Dois Espaçamentos Entre Gotejadores na Mesma Linha Lateral e Seus Efeitos Sobre a Formação do Bulbo Molhado no Solo e Parâmetros Físicos de Rabanete

The use of irrigation systems that consume lower water and energy in agriculture is important to supply the growing global demand for food. In this way, it's important to develop techniques that will increase the uniformity of water application on drip irrigation systems. The aim of the work was to compare the provision of lateral lines in drip irrigation, through the formation of wet bulbs in soil and physical parameters of radish, composed of single spacing between drippers in relation to lateral lines composed of two segments, each one composed by different spacing between emitters. Two distributions of evaluation were carried out: 1) conventional drip lateral lines with 20 cm emitter spacing were compared to proposed drip lines, with 24 emitter spacing in the initial section and 20 cm emitter spacing in the final section; 2) conventional drip lateral lines with 30 cm emitter spacing were compared to proposed drip lines, with 36 emitter spacing in the initial section and 30 cm emitter spacing in the final section. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Sao Manuel Experimental Farm, located at Sao Manuel, SP. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with six treatments and four replications. Results showed no difference among treatments for the most of the evaluated variables. So it is possible to conclude that the use of different spacing between emitters in the same lateral line can be used to increase the line length.

Resposta produtiva do feijoeiro comum a diferentes manejos de irrigação

The objective of this work was to analyze the most appropriate management to achieve higher productivity for carioca beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and pearll cultivar. The research was developed in the Demonstrative and Experimental Area of Irrigation (ADEI) of FCAV/UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP. Four treatments were used: T1- irrigation with base in ETo estimated by the method of Class A pan; T2- irrigations based on the readings of tensiometers installed at 0,20 m and 0,40 m of depth; T3- irrigations carried out with base in ETo estimated by the method of Penman-Monteith and T4- witness. The results were submitted to analysis of variance. To compare the averages the test Turkey was used at 5% of probability. The treatment T3 had smaller applied water depth than the treatments T1 and T2, and also smaller productivity. The conclusion is that the treatments irrigated with larger frequency showed higher production of grains.

Propriedades físico-hídricas, desenvolvimento radicular e produtividade da soja em dois tipos de manejos de solo

The soybean culture is part of crop rotation used by irrigators from the southwestern region of São Paulo State that perform no-tillage soil management as a form of sustainable soil use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of this conservationist practice on physicalhydric properties, soil compaction, root development, and soybean culture production components in relation to the conventional management. The experiment was conducted at the Buriti-Mirim Farm, Angatuba, SP, in Brazil, using an area irrigated by a center pivot system divided into two types of soil management: conventional and no-tillage. Although the no-tillage management presented higher soil density, lower water available and lower soil resistance to penetration, both soil managements showed no difference in relation to root development.

Manejo da Irrigação Para Otimização da Produtividade E Qualidade de Frutos de Tomateiro em Sistema de Plantio Direto

There is much information on the adequate soil water matrix potential for returning irrigation in conventional soil tillage systems; however there is not enough information on the best soil water matrix potential for no-tillage production systems. This work aimed to study the effect of five irrigation levels on yield, soluble solids, and fruit acidity of the Hypeel tomato, cultivated for industrial processing and cropped on no-tillage system in Yellow Latosol. The experiment was carried out on a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted in different soil water matrix potentials for returning irrigation (m at 13cm of soil depth): -15, -30, -45, -60 and -75 kPa. The results obtained showed that the soil water matrix potential of -28.5 kPa resulted in maximum yields for tomato crop; whereas the value of -50.8 kPa resulted in the maximum fruit soluble solids concentration.

Análise das tensões de água no solo cultivado com morangueiro sob poda

Strawberry yield and quality was evaluated after drastic pruning (second cycle), under different soil water tensions, drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted on beds at a greenhouse, located at Engineering Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), from April to December of 2010. An experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates. The treatments were composed of six different soil water tension, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 e 70 kPa. Results obtained allowed to verify that to higher values of: total and commercial fresh weight of fruits per plant, total and commercial number fruits per plant and total and commercial yield, it is necessary to irrigate when soil water tension gets approximately to 15 kPa, at 0.15 m deep. Commercial average fruit mass and noncommercial fresh weight of fruits per plant, were not reduced under different soil water tensions applied.

Produção de videira 'Superior Seedless', cultivadas em diferentes tensões de água no solo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the total number of clusters per plant and the sugar concentration of Superior Seedless grapevine branches under different soil water tensions conditions. The statistical design was a randomized block with 4 treatments (a) control, b) 70 kPa tension, c) 50 kPa tension, d) 30 kPa tension, and 6 replications, each plot consisting of two plants. Soil moisture curves were plotted in laboratory and field conditions, potential bud fertility (carried out with the help of a 30x magnifier glass and collecting 17 branches in the primary arm of the plant with 15 buds each), actual fertility (given by the fertile buds to sprouted buds per plant ratio) and total sugars. Laboratory conditions helped stress to reach a -70 kPa level in just 21 days during the procedure to determine the retention curve in the laboratory. The different stress levels applied to the soil did not cause significant differences in the total number of clusters per plant. However, a -30 kPa stress showed a 68% reduction in water depth when compared to control and different soil water stress affected the carbohydrate percentage in branches of the Superior Seedless vine.

Efeitos fisiológicos da piraclostrobina em plantas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) condicionado sob diferentes tensões de água no solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Amostragem de folhas em cafeeiro para fins de diagnose do estado nutricional

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica em cultura do feijoeiro irrigado por pivô central, sob dois manejos de irrigação, em plantio direto e convencional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sistema com aeração, decantação e filtragem para melhoria da qualidade da água para irrigação localizada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atividade de enzimas antioxidativas e absorção de silício em plantas de pimentão submetidas a estresse salino

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação dos desempenhos hidráulico e econômico de um sistema de irrigação localizada utilizando programação linear

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência de manejo de irrigação sobre aspectos da ecofisiologia e produção da videira CV. Syrah

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)