Alterações morfofuncionais renais em cães Golden Retriever Distróficos (GRMD)

A Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) que acomete seres humanos. É uma doença genética que gera degeneração progressiva da musculatura esquelética. Considerando-se as intensas alterações musculares, é natural pensar em uma possível lesão renal decorrente da intensa lesão muscular. Foram avaliados seis cães machos da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular (GRMD) e três cães machos clinicamente sadios. A concentração de creatinina foi determinada e as proteínas urinárias foram avaliadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Os resultados mostraram que a proteinúria patológica não está diretamente associada à Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne, porém diversos parâmetros apresentaram concentrações aumentadas para animais afetados, como a razão proteína/albumina, que foi maior em cães distróficos, podendo ser indício de microalbuminúria e conseqüente lesão renal precoce. Estes resultados visam embasar avaliações clínicas e futuros estudos considerando-se as patologias decorrentes ou associadas a esta doença genética.

Kinematic gait analyses in healthy Golden Retrievers

Kinematic analysis relates to the relative movement between rigid bodies and finds application in gait analysis and other body movements, interpretation of their data when there is change, determines the choice of treatment to be instituted. The objective of this study was to standardize the march of Dog Golden Retriever Healthy to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. We used a kinematic analysis system to analyse the gait of seven dogs Golden Retriever, female, aged between 2 and 4 years, weighing 21.5 to 28 kg, clinically normal. Flexion and extension were described for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, femorotibialis and tarsal joints. The gait was characterized lateral and had accepted hypothesis of normality for all variables, except for the stance of hip and elbow, considering a confidence level of 95%, significance level α = 0.05. Variations have been attributed to displacement of the stripes during movement and the duplicated number of reviews. The kinematic analysis proved to be a consistent method of evaluation of the movement during canine gait and the data can be used in the diagnosis and evaluation of canine gait in comparison to other studies and treatment of dogs with musculoskeletal disorders.

Genetic control of characters associated with bean golden mosaic geminivirus resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Bean golden mosaic is the most important viral disease of the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Latin America. The genetics of resistance to a Brazilian strain of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), was studied in a 4 x 4 diallel cross without reciprocals, among the parental genotypes DOR 303, EMGOPA 201 Ouro, Carnaval, and Redlands Greenleaf C. Seedlings of the four parents, six F1 hybrids, 12 backcrosses, and F2 generations for each combination were inoculated on the eighth day after sowing by exposure to a viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) population for 24 h, in a glasshouse, prior to transplantation to field conditions. The full set of two parents, F1, F2 and respective backcrosses for each combination was considered to be a family. Data were recorded and analyzed for foliar yellowing, plant dwarfing, and pod malformation, using a randomized block design, with two replications. Weighted generation mean analysis was performed for each of the six families. An additive gene action model was significant for the three characteristics evaluated. On the other hand, non-additive gene action had greater absolute value in most cases. Resistance to foliar yellowing conferred by genes from DRO 303 was highly heritable and was expressed equally well in the different genetic backgrounds evaluated. Such resistance may be oligogenic. Broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities were relatively high for all response traits. The three traits studied were all positively correlated, indicating that they can be simultaneously selected for enhancement. The highest correlation coefficient was obtained for dwarfing x pod malformation.

Modification of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in foot muscle of the sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under anaerobiosis and recovery

The modification of pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in foot muscle of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis during exposure to air and recovery in water was investigated. In the course of exposure to air, the activity of these enzymes measured at high and low substrate concentrations showed successive increases and decreases. Returning the mussels to water after exposure to air affected enzyme activity in a manner similar to anaerobiosis. When measuring at saturated concentrations of substrates and substrate and coenzyme for PK and LDH, respectively, the maximum activation of PK (37%) was observed at 4 h of animal exposure to air, and for LDH (67%) at 6 h exposure to air. During 24 h of exposure of animals to air, PK activity practically reached the stock level, while LDH was still activated (148%). The change in lactate dehydrogenase activity in mussel muscle during anoxia and recovery is described here for the first time. Variation in pyruvate kinase activity during exposure to air and recovery is linked to the alteration of half-maximal saturation constants and maximal velocity for both substrates. The possible role of reversible phosphorylation in the regulation of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase properties is discussed

Características analíticas dos sucos de maçã Gala, Golden Delicious e Fuji

Dentre as frutas de clima temperado cultivadas no Brasil, a maçã apresentou maior expansão de produção nos últimos anos. Ela se destina principalmente ao consumo in natura, mas o suco se constitui em subproduto a ser considerado. Portanto, a elaboração de suco de maçã é uma alternativa para aproveitar as frutas consideradas como descarte. Com o objetivo de aproveitar o descarte das maçãs Gala, Golden Delicious e Fuji, foi estudada a composição de seus sucos. Nas safras de 1995 a 1997 foram analisados os sucos dessas cultivares de maçã colhidas de pomares comerciais dos municípios de Fraiburgo e São Joaquim - SC e de Vacaria e Caxias do Sul - RS. Além das análises básicas dos sucos, realizadas por métodos físico-químicos, foram determinados também os elementos minerais por absorção atômica. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais (ACP), sendo que os três primeiros eixos explicaram 81,3% da variação total. Através da ACP, foi possível separar os sucos das três cultivares de maçã. As variáveis que apresentaram maior efeito na diferenciação do suco de maçã foram sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix), densidade (DEN), açúcares redutores (AR), relação ºBrix/acidez total (B/A), acidez total (ACT), ácido málico (ACM) e os minerais Mg, Cu, Zn, Rb, P e K. Quanto à origem geográfica, os sucos de maçã de São Joaquim - SC e de Vacaria - RS mostraram maiores semelhanças em sua composição, principalmente nas cultivares Fuji e Golden Delicious.

Influência da temperatura de refrigeração sobre as características químicas do mamão cv. "Golden"

Neste trabalho, foi investigado o efeito da temperatura de refrigeração sobre as características químicas do mamão cv "Golden". O estudo foi conduzido tanto na metade externa como na metade interna do mesocarpo dos frutos. Os frutos, apresentando de 10% a 15% de cor amarela e peso médio de 500 g, foram selecionados na linha de embalagem da Caliman Agrícola S. A. (Linhares - ES), após sofrerem tratamentos térmicos e químicos. Eles foram embalados em filmes plásticos XtendTM-PP7 e estocados a 6 °C e 13 °C (85-95% UR) por 30 dias. Os resultados mostraram que, para ambas as temperaturas de estocagem, a metade externa do mesocarpo dos frutos apresentou valores maiores de acidez titulável que a metade interna. Por outro lado, foi encontrado que o conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) foi maior na metade interna do mesocarpo. Isto foi observado até o décimo oitavo dia de armazenamento. A partir deste período, apenas os frutos mantidos a 6 °C, mantiveram teores maiores de SST na sua metade interna. Em relação ao conteúdo de matéria seca, a metade interna do mesocarpo dos frutos estocados a 13 °C por 18 dias, também apresentou valores maiores que a metade externa.

Processing of chopped mussel meat in retort pouch

Abstract Chopped mussel meat packaged in retort pouches was processed in a laboratory-scale water immersion retort, adapted for processing under overpressure conditions. Retort temperature effects on product yield and on cook value were evaluated by setting the F0 at 7 min. The effects of different pre-treatments (salting and marination) on the characteristics of mussels were evaluated after processing at retort temperature of 118 °C and during a whole year of storage at 25 °C. The salted samples showed better yield during storage, while no differences were found for the other physicochemical parameters.

Germinação e vigor de sementes de mamão (Carica papaya L.) cv. Golden secadas em altas temperaturas

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos imediato e latente do emprego de altas temperaturas de secagem na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de mamão cv. Golden. Os testes de secagem por convecção, em camada delgada, foram realizados a 50 e 58ºC, empregando-se fluxo de ar seco de 1,00kg s-1 m-2; as sementes foram armazenadas a 15ºC, por 90 e 180 dias, em embalagens herméticas. A secagem a 50 e 58ºC teve efeito imediato negativo sobre o vigor das sementes de mamão. Quanto ao efeito latente, apenas as sementes secadas a 58ºC e armazenadas por 180 dias mantêm o mesmo vigor observado em sementes recém retiradas dos frutos. Em relação ao percentual de germinação, as sementes secadas a 50ºC e avaliadas imediatamente depois da secagem são influenciadas negativamente pela secagem.

Inconvenient glow: cliometrics and the "golden age" of capitalism

This paper aims to criticize the recent cliometrics literature on the so-called "golden age" of capitalism. The works of Nicholas Crafts, Gianni Toniolo, and Barry Eichengreen are reconstructed in order to reveal the main characteristics of this research program. Its narrow quantitative focus, its reliance on theoretical propositions borrowed from neoclassical economics, and its auspicious interpretation of the postwar reconstruction are the main focus of the criticism presented. Finally, the cliometricians' attempt to historicize the "golden age" and de-historicize the following decades is related to the ideological understanding of the recent decades as a period of "great moderation."

From restrained golden age to creeping platinum age: A periodization of Latin American development in the Robinsonian tradition

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes Joan Robinson's growth model, and then adapted in order to provide an exploratory taxonomy of Growth Eras. The Growth Eras or Ages were for Robinson a way to provide logical connections among output growth, capital accumulation, the degree of thriftiness, the real wage and illustrate a catalogue of growth possibilities. This modified taxonomy follows the spirit of Robinson's work, but it takes different theoretical approaches, which imply that some of her classifications do not fit perfectly the ones here suggested. Latin America has moved from a Golden Age in the 1950s and 1960s, to a Leaden Age in the 1980s, having two traverse periods, one in which the process of growth and industrialization accelerated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which is here referred to as a Galloping Platinum Age, and one in which a process of deindustrialization, and reprimarization and maquilization of the productive structure took place, starting in the 1990s, which could be referred to as a Creeping Platinum Age.

Trends in fish prey capture by common terns following zebra mussel invasion : do terns track fish species abundance? /

The Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) is a ground nesting colonial seabird. Terns rely primarily on small prey fishes which they obtain through plunge diving for their survival as well as the survival of their offspring during the breeding season. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small bivalve mollusk that invaded North American waters in the late 1980's. Through its suspension feeding, the zebra mussel has the ability to alter the entire aquatic ecosystem, ultimately leading to a reduction in pelagic organisms including small prey fish. The objective of the study was to determine what (if any) indirect effects the invasion of the zebra mussel has had on fish prey captured by terns. The study took place in two separate two-year periods, 1990-91 and 1995-96 on a concrete breakwall off the north shore of Lake Erie near Port Colborne, Ontario. Daily nest checks revealed clutch initiation dates, egg-laying chronology, hatching success and morphological egg characteristics (length and breadth). Behavioural observations included time each sex spent in attendance with its brood, the frequency of feeding chicks and the prey species composition and size fed to chicks as well as to females (courtship feeding). Egg sizes did not differ between study periods, nor did feeding rates to chicks, suggesting that food was not a limiting resource. Terns spent less time with their broods (more time foraging) in the 1995-96 period. However, they also had significantly larger broods and fledged more offspring. The time of each individual foraging trip decreased, suggesting that fish were easier to obtain in 1995 and 1996. Lastly, kleptoparasitism rates decreased, suggesting that the costs of foraging (time, energy) actually decreased as fewer birds adopted this strategy to compensate for what I assumed to be a lack of available food (fish). The only significant difference between the periods of 1990, 1991 and 1995, 1996 was a change in diet. Terns delivered significantly fewer rainbow smelt and more emerald shiner in 1995 and 1996. However, the average size of fish delivered did not change. Thus, there was little impact on prey captured by Common Terns in Lake Erie since the invasion of the zebra mussel.

Golden Eagle

Crate label for Golden Eagle brand oranges picked and packaged by the Placentia Orange Company, which was owned and managed by Charles C. Chapman.

Brochure - Hydro Golden Jubilee - (1906-1956) 50 Years of Progress

A brochure for Ontario Hydro marking the 50 year Jubilee. The brochure also describes the change over from 25 cycle to 60 cycle service. A map details the areas that have made the change to 60 cycle power and those still waiting to transition. There is also a section of eight questions and answers concerning the change to 60 cycle power.

The golden lion of granpere : A novel

UANL