Caracterização do grupo Edessa rufomarginata e descrição de sete novas espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)

Neste trabalho é proposto o grupo Edessa rufomarginata, que inclui E. rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773), E. marginalis (Dallas, 1851), E. albomarginata (Stål, 1855), E. abdominalis Erichson, 1848, E. corallipes Erichson, 1848, E. aulacosterna Stål, 1872, E. ovalis Stål, 1872 e E. nigropunctata Berg, 1884. São descritas sete novas espécies pertencentes ao grupo, seis do Brasil e uma da Argentina: E. brasiliensis sp. nov., E. castaneolineata sp. nov., E. cerradensis sp. nov., E. chapadensis sp. nov., E. luteovenulata sp. nov., E. rufodorsata sp. nov. (Argentina) e E. virididorsata sp. nov. As espécies deste grupo ocorrem na Venezuela, Suriname, Guiana, Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina.

Variações morfológicas em Edessa rufomarginata e revalidação de E. albomarginata e E. marginalis (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)

ABSTRACT: Based on the types of Edessa rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773) and its synonyms, on morphology of the paramere and coloration, seven patterns are described for E. rufomarginata. Pentatoma furcata Palisot de Beauvois, 1805, Cimex cruentus Fabricius, 1775, Aceratodes flavovirens Stål, 1855 and A. flavomarginatus Stål, 1855 are mantained as junior synonyms of E. rufomarginata. A. albomarginatus Stål, 1855 and A. marginalis Dallas, 1951 are removed from the synonymy of E. rufomarginata and are reinstated in Edessa. Aceratodes discolor Dallas, 1951 is removed from the synonymy of E. rufomarginata and is considered junior synonym of Edessa abdominalis Erichson, 1848.

Cigarrinha-das-raízes em cana-de-açúcar: resistência genotípica e interação planta-praga

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cytochemical study of Rhodnius neglectus and Rhodnius prolixus salivary gland cells (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Meiotic behavior of 18 species from eight families of terrestrial Heteroptera

Insects of the suborder Heteroptera are known for their odor, for being pests, or for being disease carriers. To gain better insight into the cytogenetic characteristics of heteropterans, 18 species of terrestrial Heteroptera belonging to eight families were studied. The presence of heteropycnotic corpuscles during prophase I, terminal or interstitial chiasmas, telomeric associations between chromosomes, ring disposals of autosomes during metaphase, and late migrations of the sex chromosomes during anaphase were analyzed. These features showed identical patterns to other species of Heteroptera previously described in the literature. Another studied characteristic was chromosome complements. The male chromosome complements observed were 2n = 12 chromosomes [10A + XY, Galgupha sidae (Amyot & Serville) (Corimelaenidae) and Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Scutelleridae)]; 2n = 13 [10A + 2m + X0, Harmostes serratus (Fabricius), Harmostes apicatus (Stål), Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer), Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius), Jadera sp. (Rhopalidae)], and Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n = 13 [12A + X0, Stenocoris furcifera (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n = 14 [12A + XY, Dictyla monotropidia (Stål) (Tingidae)]; 2n = 19 [18A + X0, Acanonicus hahni (Stål) (Coreidae)]; 2n = 21 [18A + 2m + X0, Acanthocephala sp. (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n = 27 [24A + 2m + X0, Anisoscelis foliacea marginella (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n = 18 [16A + XY, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n = 17 [14A + X1X2Y, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n = 16 [12A + 2m + XY, Pachybrachius bilobatus (Say) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n = 26 [24A + XY, Atopozelus opsinus (Elkins) (Reduviidae)]; and 2n = 27 [24A + X1X2Y, Doldina carinulata (Stål) (Reduviidae)]. The diversity of the cytogenetic characteristics of Heteroptera was reflected in the 18 studied species. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of these characteristics, such as the variations related to chromosome complements, sex chromosome systems, and meiotic behavior.

O impacto do preparo, da cerâmica e do contato oclusal na distribuição de tensões em facetas

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Computer graphics applied to anatomy: a study of two bio-cad modeling methods on finite element analysis of human edentulous hemi-mandible

Modeling is a step to perform a finite element analysis. Different methods of model construction are reported in literature, as the Bio-CAD modeling. The purpose of this study was to perform a model evaluation and application using two methods of Bio-CAD modeling from human edentulous hemi-mandible on the finite element analysis. From CT scans of dried human skull was reconstructed a stereolithographic model. Two methods of modeling were performed: STL conversion approach (Model 1) associated to STL simplification and reverse engineering approach (Model 2). For finite element analysis was used the action of lateral pterygoid muscle as loading condition to assess total displacement (D), equivalent von-Mises stress (VM) and maximum principal stress (MP). Two models presented differences on the geometry regarding surface number (1834 (model 1); 282 (model 2)). Were observed differences in finite element mesh regarding element number (30428 nodes/16683 elements (model 1); 15801 nodes/8410 elements (model 2). D, VM and MP stress areas presented similar distribution in two models. The values were different regarding maximum and minimum values of D (ranging 0-0.511 mm (model 1) and 0-0.544 mm (model 2), VM stress (6.36E-04-11.4 MPa (model 1) and 2.15E-04-14.7 MPa (model 2) and MP stress (-1.43-9.14 MPa (model 1) and -1.2-11.6 MPa (model 2). From two methods of Bio-CAD modeling, the reverse engineering presented better anatomical representation compared to the STL conversion approach. The models presented differences in the finite element mesh, total displacement and stress distribution.

Avaliação da distribuição das forças produzidas com arco lingual removível pelo método de elementos finitos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

Tests of one Brazilian facial reconstruction method using three soft tissue depth sets and familiar assessors

Facial reconstruction is a method that seeks to recreate a person's facial appearance from his/her skull. This technique can be the last resource used in a forensic investigation, when identification techniques such as DNA analysis, dental records, fingerprints and radiographic comparison cannot be used to identify a body or skeletal remains. To perform facial reconstruction, the data of facial soft tissue thickness are necessary. Scientific literature has described differences in the thickness of facial soft tissue between ethnic groups. There are different databases of soft tissue thickness published in the scientific literature. There are no literature records of facial reconstruction works carried out with data of soft tissues obtained from samples of Brazilian subjects. There are also no reports of digital forensic facial reconstruction performed in Brazil. There are two databases of soft tissue thickness published for the Brazilian population: one obtained from measurements performed in fresh cadavers (fresh cadavers' pattern), and another from measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetic Resonance pattern). This study aims to perform three different characterized digital forensic facial reconstructions (with hair, eyelashes and eyebrows) of a Brazilian subject (based on an international pattern and two Brazilian patterns for soft facial tissue thickness), and evaluate the digital forensic facial reconstructions comparing them to photos of the individual and other nine subjects. The DICOM data of the Computed Tomography (CT) donated by a volunteer were converted into stereolitography (STL) files and used for the creation of the digital facial reconstructions. Once the three reconstructions were performed, they were compared to photographs of the subject who had the face reconstructed and nine other subjects. Thirty examiners participated in this recognition process. The target subject was recognized by 26.67% of the examiners in the reconstruction performed with the Brazilian Magnetic Resonance Pattern, 23.33% in the reconstruction performed with the Brazilian Fresh Cadavers Pattern and 20.00% in the reconstruction performed with the International Pattern, in which the target-subject was the most recognized subject in the first two patterns. The rate of correct recognitions of the target subject indicate that the digital forensic facial reconstruction, conducted with parameters used in this study, may be a useful tool. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Previsione della disposizione dei tessuti nella laminazione di compositi su stampo

A seconda della forma del modello da realizzare, durante la laminazione su stampo le fibre di cui è composto un materiale composito si dispongono in maniera differente rispetto alla trama originale del tessuto. In questo lavoro di tesi, dopo una descrizione dei materiali compositi, dei processi di produzione e dei metodi implementati attualmente per la loro simulazione in codici di calcolo commerciali, si concentra l'attenzione su un metodo di modellazione dei tessuti, chiamato metodo di Verlet, che consente di studiare la disposizione di un tessuto che si adagia su un corpo di forma qualsiasi, tenendo in conto le deformazioni delle fibre. La tesi si conclude con alcune considerazioni sulla problematica affrontata e sui risultati ottenuti.

Tecniche di elaborazione di immagini tomografiche con raggi X finalizzate alla creazione di modelli virtuali 3D

In questo elaborato sono state messe a confronto differenti procedure per la creazione di file in formato STL a partire da dati tomografici. Questo tipo di formato di dati è attualmente molto richiesto in quanto è adottato dalle stampanti 3D. I tre software presi in analisi, nello specifico, sono: DEVIDE, un programma open source, compatibile sia con Windows che con Linux, sviluppato presso la Delft University of Technology, nei Paesi Bassi; Imagej, un programma informatico di elaborazione digitale delle immagini, accessibile a tutti, basato su Sun-Java e sviluppato dal National Institutes of Health negli Stati Uniti; e infine VGStudioMax, un software sviluppato in Germania dalla VolumeGraphics GmbH. Un confronto diretto di questi software ha portato ad evidenziare i pregi ed i difetti d’ognuno di questi programmi, prendendo come criteri svariati fattori, tra cui la possibilità di scelta di uno o più soglie per i livelli di grigio, la velocità di esecuzione, il fatto che sia open-source o meno, ecc. I risultati ottenuti tramite l’utilizzo di slice filtrate riguardanti una Cera Anatomica e un Feticcio Africano, sono stati molto soddisfacenti, in quanto hanno permesso la realizzazione di modelli virtuali 3D di entrambi i reperti nel formato richiesto.

Rapid Tooling fuer den Spritzguss- und Al-Druckgusswerkzeugbau

Bedingt durch die geringen Aufbauraten blieb die Anwendung des direkten Lasersinterverfahrens (DMLS) bislang auf die Herstellung kleinerer Formeinsätze für den Spritzguss- bzw. Al-Druckgusswerkzeugbau beschränkt. Um die Technologie des Rapid Tooling auf das Anwendungsfeld für größere Werkzeugeinsätze zu erweitern, ist vom IFAM zusammen mit weiteren europäischen Projektpartnern im Rahmen des Projekts ecoMold der sog. modulare Werkzeugbaukasten entwickelt worden. Das Konzept beruht darauf, dass ein Werkzeugeinsatz in Module zerteilt wird, die separat gefertigt werden. Jedes Modul setzt sich aus einer Grundgeometrie und einer Formgeometrie zusammen. Die Grundgeometrie stellt Volumenbereiche des Werkzeugeinsatzes dar, die keine formbestimmenden Geometrien beinhalten. Die Grundgeometrien werden als standardisierte Grundmodule durch Fräsen kostengünstig hergestellt. Die formbestimmenden Geometrien des Einsatzes werden durch das Lasersinterverfahren auf die Grundmodule aufgesintert. Die verschiedenen Module werden dann zum fertigen Werkzeugeinsatz montiert. Grundlage ist der vollständige STL-Datensatz der beiden Werkzeughälften. Auf der Basis einer Datenbank, die alle zur Verfügung stehenden Grundmodule in verschiedenen Abmessungsabstufungen enthält, wird die Anzahl, die Größe und die Lage der Module automatisiert von der am IFAM entwickelten Software bestimmt. Dabei wird versucht, den ursprünglichen STL-Datensatz des Werkzeugeinsatzes derart in einzelne Module zu zerlegen, dass die aufzusinternden Bereiche minimiert werden und möglichst viele Volumenbereiche des Einsatzes durch die in der Datenbank hinterlegten Grundmodule gefüllt werden. Mit dem vorgestellten System steht ein neues Fertigungskonzept zur Verfügung, das durch eine Kombination aus Lasersinter- und Fräsverfahren gestattet, das Lasersinterverfahren auch für Rapid-Tooling-Anwendungen für größere Bauteile anzuwenden. Erste Erfahrungen und Kalkulationen haben ergeben, dass im Vergleich zu konventionell hergestellten Werkzeugeinsätzen die Kosten um ca. 35% und die benötigten Bauzeiten um ca. 30% reduziert werden können.

Rapid Surface Creation – Schnell zu anspruchsvollen CAD-Flächen mit Tebis

In der CAD-Welt existieren unterschiedliche Arten, wie Oberflächen beschrieben werden. Netze, auch Meshes genannt oder Polymaschen, sind aus einer Vielzahl ebener Dreiecke zusammengesetzt (bis zu mehreren Millionen). Sie stammen aus Digitalisiersystemen oder aus virtueller Modelliersoftware und werden üblicherweise im STL-Format ausgetauscht. Verwandt hierzu sind Netze, die aus Simulationssystemen kommen, beispielsweise zur Umformsimulation von Blechteilen.

Modelle und Prototypen für die Medizin

Der Anwendungsbereich für Modelle und Prototypen hat sich mittlerweile auch auf unterschiedlichste medizinische Fragestellungen ausgedehnt. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt an verschiedenen Praxisbeispielen und Verfahren Möglichkeiten eines in der Technik etablierten Verfahrens für eine erweiterte Anwendung auf.