893 resultados para experiências inovadoras


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Esta dissertação de mestrado examina a formação de emoções geradas na experiência de consumo e como estas emoções influenciam as atitudes e intenção de comportamento dos consumidores. Após evidências teóricas mostrando que as emoções influenciam os julgamentos pós-consumo, espera-se entender a formação de emoções no contexto de consumo, avaliando dois antecedentes cognitivos das emoções: a congruência com os objetivos pessoais e a relevância para os objetivos pessoais. A congruência é a extensão com a qual a situação é congruente ou discrepante dos planos ou desejos de um indivíduo; a relevância é a extensão com a qual a situação é pessoalmente importante e contribui para o atendimento dos objetivos. A partir dessas considerações, é proposto um modelo teórico que avalia as relações entre essas duas avaliações cognitivas (congruência e relevância para os objetivos pessoais), emoções positivas e negativas e dois julgamentos pós-consumo (atitude e intenção de comportamento). Para testar as hipóteses do modelo foi desenvolvido um estudo experimental do tipo fatorial (2x2) com cenários que simulam uma situação de consumo. Os resultados confirmam que a congruência é um antecedente de emoções positivas e negativas e mostram a influência destas na formação da atitude. Esta por sua vez, media a relação entre emoções e intenção de comportamento. Os resultados ainda lançam luz sobre o papel moderador da relevância sobre as relações do modelo, mostrando que a relação entre emoções positivas e atitude e a relação entre atitude e intenção de comportamento são intensificadas quando a relevância é alta.

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Este estudo, diante do ritmo acelerado da globalização, aprende, caracteriza, discute e descreve experiências concretas de diferentes tipos de organizações, relacionadas a realidade multicultural desse novo contexto mundial, quando a comunicação e relacionamento humano assumem novas dimensões, para enfrentar desafios da competitividade. Iniciativas de treinamento e/ou desenvolvimento intercultural, foram buscadas com base em referencial teórico relacionado, métodos e técnicas qualitativos de pesquisas e uma abordagem fenomenológica complementar, cobrindo três diferentes casos empresarias e duas distintas organizações acadêmicas, iniciando com uma fase exploratória, seguida de validação de instrumentos de pesquisas, principalmente os de situações-problema a serem discutidas com os sujeitos. Esses procedimentos para definição do problema, o planejamento dos rumos do projeto e para a postura assumida nos âmbitos escolhidos, trouxeram maior precisão a formulação desses três pontos chave. No caso da companhia de transporte aéreo VARIG, um Projeto de Treinamento e Desenvolvimento/ Intercultural foi compreendido como possibilidade de competitividade nos serviços. No caso da fusão empresarial que resultou na criação da ELETRONUCLEAR, um programa de antecipação á referida mudança buscou a combinação cultural de duas empresas com expectativas agregadoras, visando minimizar o impacto do processo sobre a produtividade e a integridade das pessoas. No BANCO do BRASIL, os objetivos de T&D referiam-se a uma possível missão de atualização profissional no exterior, exigindo habilidades interculturais, a partir do mesmo princípio do auto conhecimento cultural, praticado nos casos anteriormente citados. Na academia, os cursos de comércio internacional ma UFRJ e na FGV, foram os ambientes escolhidos para pesquisas o lado humano intercultural dos negócios internacionais e dos processo de expatriamento, estimulando o aprendizado com a troca de experiências entre colegas, professores, palestrantes e pesquisadores. Os resultados do estudo revelam receptividade crescente sobre a proposta de T&D transcultural em todos os âmbitos pesquisados; um nível mais elevado de auto-estima dos sujeitos devido á oportunidade de discutir suas vivências na expectativa de aproximar pessoas e organizações, mesmo no caso da fusão; a postura fenomenológica de inserção na dinâmica dos próprios sujeitos, favorece a constatação de que momentos de convívio intersubjetivo são possíveis e valiosos para a construção transcultural e que, nesses termos, T&D Intercultural podem contribuir ainda, para classificar o sentido fenomenológico que circula nas ambiências compartilhadas, indicando uma orientação comum nos casos e situações investigados e que aparece no emprego de T&D intercultural como um recurso para humanizar a globalização.

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The goal of this work is to study microcredit public policy as a mechanism of improving wage and decreasing unemployment rates. This study is contextualized by analysis of up-to-date macroeconomic national situation, Brazilian intergovernamental constitutional relationship, Brazilian job market and local development perspectives, trying to show that public microcredit driven by local government is a natural and useful way. Two cases have been chosen for analysis: Banco do Povo de Juiz de For a and São Paulo Confia.

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This dissertation adds new evidences and explanations to two distinct streams of debate. The first one refers to the globalisation (or dissemination) of technological innovative capabilities in the context of newly industrialised economies. The second one refers to common generalisations about the deterioration of the innovative capabilities in Latin American countries after 1990. This study was motivated by a lack of empirical studies focused on the relationship between the globalisation of innovative capabilities and sources to build them up in emerging organisations, especially R&D institutes. This dissertation is focused on the globalisation of innovative capabilities at the information and communication technology industry in Brazil. The globalisation of innovative capabilities is measured by the technological capabilities types and levels of 18 national R&D institutes related to this industry. Besides, this dissertation examines sources to build up innovative capabilities in the sampled institutes, namely: their intra-organisational learning processes and the linkages established with firms and the technological infra-structure. The study is based on first-hand empirical evidences, collected by different data-gathering sources in an extensive fieldwork. The data were examined with analytical frameworks, organised in the light of the theoretical basis of the study. The study has found the dissemination of innovative capabilities has been occurring in the Brazilian ICT industry with the involvement of the technological infra-structure with innovative activities. Besides that, the variety of the intra-organisational learning processes and the types of linkages established with technological infra-structure and firms have been influencing the development of innovative capabilities. The evidences that emerge from this study contradict common generalizations and arguments about the inexistence of innovative activities and about the technological infra-structure weakness in emerging or newly industrialized economies.

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This dissertation studies the innovative technological capabilities available in the merger and acquisitions processes and the relationship between these processes with the technological capabilities accumulation to get convergence of technology and services. This study was examined in fourteen companies of the telecommunications industry during 2002 to 2007. Starting on 1990 there were from one end a profusion of studies on the technological capabilities as source of competitive advantages; from another end there are studies on merger and acquisitions with the objective to evaluate the motivations derived from technological factors and stimulation to the competition and the opening of the market. However few of the empirical studies of long stated period that examine the correlation of these events in the industry of telecommunications under the optics of the technological qualification in the level of the companies and for the strategic perspective of enterprise based on the dynamics abilities. An analytical framework already available in the literature was used to describe the contribution of the merger and acquisitions processes for the accumulation of innovative technological capabilities in the studied companies. However the framework was adapted specifically for the industry of Telecommunications. This dissertation also studies the importance of the strategic merger and acquisitions as organizational form in the complementation of technological capability for external sources. Such empirical evidences had been collected from information and data bases published for the own companies who had been examined in this dissertation. Regarding the results, it was found that: 1. In terms of participation with ingress technological capabilities in strategic merger and acquisitions the equipment manufacturers had entered with 71% to 55 of the technological capabilities and the service operator company had entered with 61% to 71 technological capabilities. 2. In terms of implications of the merger and acquisitions for the configuration of resultant technologic capabilities, it was found that the equipment manufacturers had increased 31% the ratio of convergence of technology and the operators of services had increased 4% the ratio for the change in the organizational structure. 3. Regarding the accumulation technological capability to obtain convergence of technology and services was verified the increase these technological capabilities after the merger and acquisitions process in the companies studied. Considering the limitation of this study, the evidences found in this dissertation suggest that the companies use the processes of strategic merger and acquisitions to search for external complementation of their knowledge base to compete in the globalization market. The result demonstrates that this movement has implied in an alteration and accumulation of capability from organization on innovative technological activities regarding the convergence of technology and services.

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This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.

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Over the last 40 years there has been a profusion of studies about the ccumulation of technological capacities in firms from developing economies. However, there remain few studies that examine, on a combined basis, the relationship among: the trajectories of technological capacities accumulation; the underlying learning mechanisms; and, the implications of organizational factors for these two variables. Still scarcer are the studies that examine the relationship among these variables along time and based on a comparative case study. This dissertation examines the relationship among the trajectory of accumulation of innovative capacities in complex project management, the learning mechanisms underlying these technological capacities and the intra-organizational factors that influence these learning echanisms. That set of relationships is examined through a comparative and a long-term (1988-2008) case study in a capital goods firm (for the pulp and paper industry) and a pulp mill in Brazil. Based on first-hand quantitative and qualitative empiric evidence, gathered through extensive field research, this dissertation found: 1. Both firms accumulated innovative capacity in project management at the international frontier level (Level 6). However, there was variability between the firms in terms of the nature and speed of accumulation of those capacities. It was also observed that, at this level of innovation, the innovative capacities of both firms are not confined to their organizational boundaries, but they are distributed beyond their boundaries. 2. So that these companies could accumulate those levels of innovative capacities it was necessary to manage several learning mechanisms: leveraging of external knowledge and its internalization in terms of internal apacities of the firm. In other words, as the companies accumulated more innovative levels of capacities for project management, it was necessary to manage different cycles of technological learning. 3. Further, the relationship between the ccumulation of technological capacities and learning was affected positively by intra-organizational factors, such as 'authority disposition', 'mutability of work roles' and 'intensity of internal crises', and negatively by the factor 'singularity of goals'. This dissertation revealed divergent results between firms in two of the four factors studied. These results contribute to advance our understanding of the complexity and variability involved in the process of accumulation of innovative capacities in firms from developing economies. This highlights the growing importance of the organizational and the human resource dimensions of innovation and technological capacity as the company approaches the international frontier. The results suggest to managers that: (i) the good performance in project management in the two firms studied did not occur simply as a result of the pulp and paper Brazilian industry growth, rather as a result of the deliberate construction and accumulation of the capacities through an intensive and coordinated cyclical process of technological learning, (ii) to develop innovative capabilities in project management, besides looking for learning mechanisms they should also look at the organizational factors that influence the learning mechanisms directly, (iii) performance of pulp mill¿s projects is better when projects are implemented together with technology suppliers than when performed only by the mill. This dissertation concludes that capital goods firms have been having a fundamental role for the innovative capabilities accumulation in project management of pulp mills in Brazil (and vice-versa) for a long time. This contradicts some authors' propositions that affirm that: a) equipment suppliers for the pulp and paper industry have been creating little, if any, development of processes or engineering projects in Brazil; b) firms in the pulp and paper industry have little capacity for machinery and equipments projects only taking place in few technological activities, being internal or external to the firm. Finally, some studies are proposed for future research.

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This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.

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Esta dissertação insere-se na linha de pesquisa Justiça e Sociedade do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro, Mestrado Profissional em Poder Judiciário, Área multidisciplinar. Teve como objeto de estudo o uso da videoconferência, analisando-a como prática inovadora de informática como expediente de otimização e modernização do Poder Judiciário. Quanto a metodologia empregou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo analisando medidas já implantadas em alguns Tribunais que possam ser utilizadas e aprimoradas em âmbito nacional. Examinou-se a controvérsia existente sobre a aplicação da videoconferência e conseqüências jurídicas e sociais do uso desta tecnologia. Com relação aos resultados concluiu-se que a utilização deste instrumento não viola princípios processuais, bem como não se trata de prática inconstitucional, mas sim gera benefícios para os cofres públicos e para o jurisdicionado, acarretando melhoria de qualidade na prestação jurisdicional

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Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica da intervenção do Estado na economia através das experiências, em dois séculos de história, das economias capitalistas desenvolvidas do Reino Unido e da França. Sua elaboração foi fundamentada nas visões institucionalistas sobre a relação Estado-economiasociedade, e como método analítico foi empregado o modelo de análise de intervenção - caso especial dos modelos de transferência de BOX & JENKINS (1976). Os resultados decorrentes da aplicação do modelo, assim como, dos principais eventos históricos de cunhos econômico, político e social permitiram concluir que a intervenção do Estado surge como resposta ao princípio catalisador presente no seio dessa instituição, isto é, à transferência dos problemas e divergências (conflitos entre princípios reguladores da ordem social, entre capitais, entre atores sociais, entre países, etc.) de uma dada sociedade para um poder comum reconhecido e legalmente constituído, o Estado. Nesse sentido, por ser uma instituição criada por essa mesma sociedade age de acordo com o grande paradigma organizacional que a orienta, no caso o capitalismo. Destaque-se ainda a negação do pressuposto, presente em algumas teorias sobre o Estado, da autonomia relativa dos administradores do Estado (governo, homens públicos) no processo de tomada de decisão dos mecanismos de intervenção e de regulação adotados.

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Apresentamos urna notícia sobre algumas instituições que se dedicam à produção de casos de administração e à difusão do método do caso para o ensino de administração.

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A constituição do espaço hospitalar como organização de trabalho mostra uma progressiva divisão sexual de tarefas e uma feminilização da Enfermagem, já que, em todo o mundo, são as mulheres que constituem o contingente mais numeroso de pessoas envolvidas em atividades de cuidado e atenção à saúde. Todavia, apesar de ser uma atividade majoritariamente feminina, tem aumentado o número de profissionais do sexo masculino que buscam essa área. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as experiências e vivências dos auxiliares de enfermagem do sexo masculino em exercício num espaço de trabalho socialmente representado como feminino. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa (Minayo, 1996), utilizando-se a entrevista semi-estruturada como técnica de coleta de dados, cujo conteúdo foi analisado de acordo com uma adaptação da proposta de Bardin (1988). Colheu-se o depoimento de 12 auxiliares de enfermagem do sexo masculino que trabalham em unidades de um hospital geral cujo percentual de homens é menor do que 15%. Constatou-se que a escolha profissional se fez em função da estabilidade de emprego e, em alguns casos, representa uma ascensão social. Os auxiliares de enfermagem entrevistados procuram demonstrar comportamentos heterossexuais e exercer atividades associadas a atributos masculinos, como a força física. Identificam também, entre os pacientes, uma preferência pela divisão de tarefas segundo os atributos socialmente identificados como masculinos e femininos. Com base na teoria das minorias numéricas, proposta por Kanter (1977) e adaptada por Heikes (1991), verificou-se que ocorre uma maior visibilidade dos auxiliares masculinos, uma polarização entre dominados e dominantes nas relações sociais e uma certa assimilação do estereótipo do papel masculino associado a alguns atributos como a força física.

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Relata a hstória e evolução do conceito de Balanço Social. Aborda as pesquisas efetuadas sobre os sistemas Comparativos da Contabiblidade, descreve e analisa algumas experiências selecionadas na adoção desse instrumento que procura evidenciar a responsabilidade social da empresa