208 resultados para evapotranspiração


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Este artigo mostra a dinâmica da água após ser aplicada sobre a superfície de um solo cultivado com alface, num sistema fechado de um ambiente protegido. A aplicação de água se deu por meio de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, com o CUD ( Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição ) igual a 97,06 %, o que garantiu uma ótima uniformidade de distribuição, desconsiderando como possíveis causas das variações de umidade do solo, a aplicação de lâminas variadas. Fazendo uso de técnicas de geoestatística, interpolando sessenta pontos amostrais de evaporação, umidade do solo e produtividade da alface, com as mesmas sessenta coordenadas para os três atributos, verificou-se que a umidade do solo, mesmo momentos após a irrigação, não permanece uniforme ao longo do sistema de irrigação, constatando-se que a evaporação local exerce influência de forma predominante sobre a dinâmica da água na superfície do solo. Concluiu-se que as regiões no interior da estufa de maiores evaporações, foram as de maiores variações de umidade do solo e na produção de massa verde da alface.

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O manejo de irrigação pode influenciar o comportamento ecofisiológico e a produção da videira. O objetivo desse trabalho, conduzido em 2010 em Petrolina – PE, no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, foi avaliar a influência de diferentes estratégias de manejo de irrigação no potencial de água na folha e em aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos das uvas do primeiro ciclo de produção da videira cv. Syrah/Paulsen 1103. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi gotejamento e a lâmina de água foi estimada com base na evapotranspiração da cultura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em 4 repetições e com 3 tratamentos: irrigação plena, realizada durante todo o ciclo de produção; a irrigação com déficit, onde a aplicação de água foi interrompida na fase fenológica de cacho fechado; e a irrigação com déficit controlado, onde a irrigação, também interrompida na fase de cacho fechado, foi eventualmente realizada após a interrupção, de acordo com o monitoramento da água no solo. A imposição de déficit hídrico às plantas favoreceu uma maior concentração de açúcares e a redução da acidez nos frutos, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade das uvas para vinificação.

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The irrigation scheduling is basically the adoption of pre-established criteria to define the time and the amount of water to be applied through irrigation systems. Hence, the objective of this work was to develop and test a spreadsheet of easy comprehension, handling and interpretation by growers, which uses as inputs the physical-hydric soil attributes and tensiometer readings to the determination of irrigation depth and time. The spreadsheet enables the grower to make reading and to know in a fast way how much water to apply into the soil. The test of the spreadsheet was performed in an irrigated orchard of grapevines in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soil water retention curves and tensiometer readings from the effective rooting depth were used as a basis for obtaining the soil water matric potential, soil water content, water availability, soil water content to be replaced, net and gross irrigation depth and irrigation time. The analysis of the use of the irrigation scheduling spreadsheet resulted in a shorter time for irrigation in relation to the irrigation scheduling based only on the crop evapotranspiration. The spreadsheet can be helpful to growers adjust irrigation depth when irrigation scheduling is based only on crop evapotranspiration.

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O consumo de águas salinas pelas plantas na maioria dos casos afetam o rendimento das culturas em suas diversas fases prejudicando desenvolvimento e produção. O trabalho avaliou o consumo hídrico da rúcula (Eruca sativa) em sistema hidropônico NFT com águas salinas. Foram analisados seis níveis crescentes de salinidade da água (CEa), quais sejam: 0,2; 1,2; 2,2; 3,2; 4,2 e 5,2 (dS m-1) utilizaram-se duas fontes de sais: águas salobras (AS) e NaCl. Foi determinado o volume evapotranspirado por planta (VETc) no sistema durante o cultivo. O consumo hídrico nos primeiros dias após transplantio foi de 250 mL dia-1 aproximadamente para ambas as testemunhas e decresceram com o aumento da salinidade, a eficiência de utilização da água foi reduzida revelando uma resposta linear decrescente em função da salinidade ocorrendo uma resposta negativa das plantas que apresentaram uma redução na quantidade de folhas de 3,34%.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of pineapple cultivar Smooth Cayenne as the physical production and the quality of the fruit when subjected to different frequencies of water dpeth and soil water in Triângulo Mineiro - Uberaba-MG. The experimental area soil is Oxisol, clay loam sandy and soft undulating local relief. A randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 2 with four levels of soil water depth (50%, 75%, 100% and 125%) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and two irrigation frequencies (1 day and 3 days = F1 = F2) and four replications was utilized. The crop productivity, number of seedlings, mean weight, diameter, and hardness of the fruit, plus water use efficiency were evaluated. Productivity was not significantly affected by the water depth and by the frequency of water applied; however the fruit shell resistance, the efficiency of water use, and ratoon seedlings were significantly influenced by irrigation, the water depth of 50% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETC) provided greater efficiency of water use for the production of pineapple fruit.

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This study aimed to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) of fertigated sweet pepper, measured over time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the transplant). The experiment was conducted on a battery of 40 drainage lysimeters, arranged in a 8 x 5 matrix, in the period October/2009 to January/2010, located in the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) Campus in Recife, in a completely randomized factorial scheme 5 x 2, with four replications, being five irrigation depths (80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of ETc) and two levels of potassium (80 and 120 kg K2O ha-1) where the experimental plot was composed of three plants in each lysimeter. The Mauchly Sphericity Test indicated multivariate variance analysis for the studied variables ETc (mm d-1) and Kc, the variables presented adjustment under quadratic effect of variation on observation times, when the irrigation depths were fixed, and descending linear adjustments under the variation of irrigation depths effect, when the times of observation were fixed in each potassium dose.

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The use of biofertilizers is interesting for agriculture as being an economical alternative as well as it is environmentally friendly by using organic waste and reducing the application of mineral fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses of bovine origin (biodigester effluent) applied on the ground and two levels of irrigation on lettuce. The experiment was conducted under protection of a greenhouse in pots, applying to the soil different doses of biofertilizer of bovine origin obtained from anaerobic reactor (10, 20, 40 and 60 m3 ha-1) and mineral fertilizer as a witness in two irrigation levels calculated at 50 and 100% of reference evapotranspiration. The lettuce plants were analyzed in their: Height, leaves number, crown diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots. The biofertilizer treatments showed better results than the mineral fertilizer and has increased with increasing doses of biofertilizer, the highest dose (60 m3 ha-1) showed the best results in all variables. For dry, mineral fertilization showed higher values. The irrigation levels had no effect on plant growth.

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The objective of the present study was to analyze the most appropriate water depth for maintaining a good quality of Bermudas Grass (Cynodon dactylon) for soccer fields while saving water and electrical resources. Four treatments were used: T1 - irrigated with a water depth of 50% of evapotranspiration (ETo), T2 - irrigated with a water depth of 75% of ETo, T3 - irrigated with a water depth of 100% of ETo and T4 - irrigated with a water depth of 150% of ETo, all treatments were irrigated daily. The reference ETo was obtained by the Penman-Monteith method. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from June to September 2010 and from January to March 2011. Three evaluations of the variables were performed during the experimental period. The samples were obtained with the help of a cylindrical extractor with 10 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. In each sample height and dry organic matter (leaf, root and organic material) were analyzed. The experimental design was randomized block with four treatments in five blocks. No significant differences were observed for dry matter and height (roots and organic material). The best results were those for T4 which obtained the greatest height.

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The aim of this work was to determine crop coefficients (Kc) of drip irrigated watermelon in the climatic and growing conditions of the Gurgueia Vale, State of Piaui, Brazil, located at 8 ° 26' S, 43 ° 47' W and altitude of 251 m. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was determined by the sum of hourly values of ET0 obtained by the Penman-Monteith method parameterized by FAO with climatic data obtained from an automatic weather station. The daily crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was measured by three weighing lysimeters of load cells. Aiming high fruit yield in this region, we recommend that the following local values of Kc and Kcb be used for planning and management of irrigation, respectively: initial stage (crop establishment) - 0.34 and 0.24; intermediate stage (growth and fruit maturation) - 1.16 and 1.10; end stage (harvest) - 0.93 and 0.86. These Kc values of initial and intermediate phases are statistically higher than the values of Kc and Kcb already adjusted according to the methodology presented in the FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. The values of Kc and Kcb at the end phase are not statistically different from the FAO values.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)