904 resultados para distúrbios do sono


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A hemostasia é um processo multifuncional, complexo e finamente regulado que envolve diversos componentes celulares e moleculares, incluindo plaquetas, parede vascular, cascata da coagulação sangüínea e fibrinólise. O desequilíbrio desses componentes pode desencadear condições patológicas, tais como hemorragias, hipercoagulopatias e a conseqüente trombose vascular. O descobrimento de novos princípios ativos e o desenvolvimento de drogas como instrumentos de intervenção antitrombótica constituem estratégias de eleição para a prevenção e o tratamento do quadro trombo-embólico. Muitos desses princípios ativos são obtidos de fontes naturais, incluindo os conhecidos anti-hemostáticos presentes em venenos de serpentes e na saliva de artrópodos hematófagos. Por afetarem o sistema hemostático humano, essas moléculas são alvo de estudos para o desenvolvimento de anti-venenos, testes laboratoriais e novas drogas terapêuticas. As lagartas do gênero Lonomia são conhecidas por produzirem proteínas tóxicas que estão associadas a uma severa síndrome hemorrágica em humanos, cujo quadro clínico é caracterizado por distúrbios da coagulação, insuficiência renal aguda, hematúria, sangramentos, dentre outros sintomas. O veneno é constituído por diversos princípios ativos, incluindo atividades pró-coagulantes e fibrinolíticas Apesar da importância social e científica desses envenenamentos e do conhecimento sobre a natureza dessas toxinas, as informações sobre as características moleculares do veneno ainda são escassas, o que limita o melhor entendimento das bases moleculares da síndrome hemorrágica e o desenvolvimento de um diagnóstico e de um tratamento mais adequados para os pacientes. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as proteínas mais abundantes e os genes expressos em maior proporção na taturana L. obliqua durante a fase larval (fase em que ocorrem os acidentes), visando identificar moléculas potencialmente envolvidas no envenenamento. As etapas realizadas foram: análise dos princípios ativos presentes em tecidos utilizados para a construção de bibliotecas de cDNA, seqüenciamento em massa das bibliotecas e análise dos transcritos utilizando ferramentas de bioinformática. Mais de mil seqüências de cDNA foram obtidas e agrupadas gerando um catálogo com informações sobre os transcritos encontrados, incluindo seqüências completas de cDNAs que codificam para proteínas provavelmente envolvidas no envenenamento, além de novas seqüências de função biológica desconhecida O conteúdo protéico do veneno foi analisado por SDS-PAGE seguido por seqüenciamento da região N-terminal das proteínas mais abundantes, possibilitando a correlação entre o cDNA e a proteína por ele codificada. As seqüências completas de cDNA foram enviadas para o GenBank (NCBI/NIH, EUA) e os resultado estão disponíveis em um sítio eletrônico específico no NCBI: http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/projects/omes. O cDNA mais abundante da lagarta, que codifica para uma lipocalina, foi clonado e obteve-se a proteína recombinante. Demonstramos que essa lipocalina liga o grupamento heme e participa da oxidação acoplada desse ligante, levando à formação de biliverdina γ, sugerindo uma nova função para as proteínas ligadoras de bilina em insetos. Os resultados obtidos colaboram para o maior entendimento das bases moleculares do envenenamento por L. obliqua, além de apontarem moléculas candidatas para o desenvolvimento de kits de diagnóstico para o envenenamento com Lonomia e para a melhora na especificidade do soro anti-lonômico, bem como para estudos mais aprofundados dos processos hemostáticos.

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A leucoplasia se caracteriza por apresentar, microscopicamente, hiperceratose, acantose ou displasia epitelial. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a velocidade de proliferação celular destes distúrbios de maturação epitelial por meio da Técnica de AgNOR. A amostra foi constituída de 50 blocos de parafina distribuídos em 5 grupos de acordo com seu diagnóstico histopatológico em hiperceratose, hiperceratose com acantose, acantose, displasia epitelial e epitélio normal. Para cada grupo foram avaliadas as células da camada basal e suprabasal e a quantificação das AgNORs foi realizada através da média dos pontos de AgNOR por núcleo, da área média dos pontos de AgNOR por núcleo e do percentual médio de células com 1, 2, 3 e 4 ou mais pontos de AgNOR por núcleo. Verificou-se que a média de pontos de AgNOR por núcleo aumentou gradualmente do epitélio normal, hiperceratose com acantose, hiperceratose, acantose até a displasia epitelial. Na comparação em relação à área média dos pontos de AgNOR por núcleo observou-se diferença significativa entre o epitélio normal e os demais grupos. Verificou-se ainda que em todos os grupos há o predomínio de células com 1 AgNOR, e o epitélio normal apresentou valor superior No entanto, a displasia epitelial apresentou maior percentual de células com 4 ou mais AgNORs por núcleo, demonstrando o maior potencial de transformação maligna, uma vez que este parâmetro pode representar um sinal de malignidade. Todavia, os três métodos de quantificação não foram capazes de distinguir os distúrbios de maturação epitelial entre si. A partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se concluir que os distúrbios de maturação epitelial estudados apresentam ritmo de proliferação celular semelhante e que, dentre eles, a acantose e displasia epitelial têm comportamento de maior risco. Portanto, uma leucoplasia que apresente qualquer um dos distúrbios de maturação epitelial no diagnóstico histopatológico, a conduta clínica deve ser semelhante.

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Ilustração componente do jogo “Escola Mágica (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/escola-magica.html)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

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The preeclampsia is a disease that evolves to high death rate for the mother and for the fetus. The incidence of this disease in the world is variable and there are no data of this disturb in the Brazilian population. This paper had the objective to determine the incidence and risk factors for development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a neighborhood in Natal, RN, Brazil, taking place a prospective study, cohort type, with the objective of evaluating the entire pregnancy of 242 women that got pregnant between 2004-2007. The incidence of hypertensive disorders was of 17%, while the incidence of preeclampsia was of 13.8%. The age average of women that developed the hypertensive disorders was of 27.4 years (SD±.9), whilst those that developed preeclampsia was of 26.6 (SD ±7.8) years and the normotensive was of 23.9 (SD±5.8) (p=0.002). It is noted a significant increase of the hypertensive disorder with age (p=0.0265). The gestational age for those who developed preeclampsia was lower than the women that developed normotensive pregnancy (p=0.0002). The body mass index (BMI) of the group of women that developed the hypertensive disorder was of 25.8 (SD±3.9), significantly higher than the group of normotensive women with 23.5 (SD±3.7) (p=0.02). The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol tended to be higher on women with preeclampsia than on normotensive, p=0.0502 and p=0.0566, respectively. Six (6) women presented with severe preeclampsia and one (1) developed HELLP Syndrome. The resolution of the pregnancy was performed by cesarean section in 70% of women that developed hypertensive disorders, whilst the normotensive was of 23.6% (p<0.0001). A subgroup of the studied subjects was reassessed one year after labor, revealing that 50% of the patients were still hypertensive. There were no larger complications nor mother death during labor. The incidence of hypertensive disorders are above the levels noted in other studies and 30% of the women were within the poles of greater risk for the hypertensive disorders; the elevated BMI in the beginning of the pregnancy is a risk factor for hypertensive disorder. The risk of severe complication in preeclampsia is high, with imminence of eclampsia occurring in 20.1% of women who developed hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The adequate prenatal care and the opportune labor assistance may minimize the complications of the pregnancy hypertension and avoid mother death, although the risk of women remaining hypertensive is elevated

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Although several studies, have shown differences in cognitive performance between men and women, it not yet known whether these differences occur in tasks involving free association of words (WA). Studies across the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) suggest that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) favors semantic flexibility, in comparison with pre-sleep waking (Pre-WK), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and post-sleep waking (Post-WK). The present work has two aims: (1) to evaluate the semantic distances of word pairs produced by AP, comparing men and women, (2) to evaluate semantic distance in word pairs produced by free association across the SWC in young adults of both sexes. To achieve aim (1), we applied a task of WA in 68 adult volunteers during waking (52 women and 16 men). The WA task consisted of writing the first word that came to mind after viewing another word offered as a stimulus (root Word). To achieve aim (2), we performed polysomnography to identify specific stages of the SWC. The experimental subjects were then awakened (if they were asleep) and were immediately given a WA task. The task was administered to 2 groups of 10 subjects each (G1 and G2). G1 subjects were stimulated with the same set of root words after waking from various states of SWC, while G2 subjects received sets of different root words at each state of the SWC. In the absence of a Portuguese corpus suitable for the measurement of semantic distances, the words collected in our experiments were translated to English, and semantically quantified within a systematic and representative corpus of that language (Wordnet). This procedure removed the polysemies typical of Portuguese, but preserved the semantic macrostructure common to both languages. During waking, we found that semantic distances are significantly lower in WA produced by women, in comparison with the distances observed in men. Through the SWC, there were no statistically significant differences in G1. In G2 women, we detected a significant increase of semantic distances upon being awakened from SWS. In contrast, G2 men showed a significant increase in semantic distances upon being awakened from REM. The results of the first experiment are consistent with the notion that women have a more concrete reasoning than men. The results of the second experiment indicate that men awakened from REM present more flexibility in word association than when being awakened from other states. In contrast, women showed more flexible word association after being awakened from SWS, in compared with other states. The results indicate that the cognitive flexibility attributed to different states of the SWC shows gender dependency

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Uma grande quantidade de informações dá suporte à relação existente entre inatividade física e processos inflamatórios latentes em distúrbios metabólicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acessar criticamente o corpo de evidências existentes na literatura sobre a associação entre programas de exercícios físicos e os níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios em mulheres entre 18 e 82 anos de idade. Foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas sistemáticas usando as bases de dados PubMed Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, LILACS e SciELO de publicações entre janeiro de 1993 e janeiro de 2012 usando os seguintes termos: inflamação, citocinas, exercícios, treinamento físico, treinamento aeróbico, treinamento cardiovascular, treinamento de força, treinamento contra resistência, treinamento intervalado, reabilitação cardíaca e gerenciamento/modificação terapêutica de estilo de vida. Do total de estudos incluídos na revisão, três deles reportaram mudanças não significativas nos níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios, um estudo documentou um aumento nos biomarcadores e 12 estudos reportaram decréscimos nos níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios associados com exercício. Características secundárias do estilo de vida, como trabalho físico extenuante e fumo, afetaram os níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios. Intervenções integrativas incluindo dieta, exercício aeróbico moderado (60% a 80% da frequência cardíaca máxima ou 50% a 60% do VO2Máx), treinamento contra resistência em circuito (8 a 10 exercícios, 8 a 12 repetições), aconselhamento e educação voltados para a saúde, usados conjuntamente, se apresentaram como possíveis estratégias efetivas na melhoria nos níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios em mulheres

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O estudo tem como objetivo principal comparar o limiar e a tolerância à dor em mulheres com fibromialgia e mulheres sem sintomas de dor, correlacionando com capacidade funcional, qualidade do sono e força de preensão manual. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal realizado na Universidade Potiguar e na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, envolvendo uma equipe multidisciplinar com fisioterapeutas, médicos e educadores físicos. Setenta e duas mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo com fibromialgia (GF, n = 40) e grupo controle (GC, n = 32) sem sintomas de dor, pareadas por idade e índice de massa corporal. Questionários foram usados para medir capacidade funcional (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire FIQ) e qualidade do sono (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI). Limiar e tolerância à dor foram medidas por um algômetro de pressão e para determinar força foi usado um dinamômetro de preensão manual. Na análise estatística o teste T de Student foi usado para comparar grupos e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi usado no GF para correlacionar limiar e tolerância à dor com as demais medidas. O GF mostrou piores resultados nas medianas comparado ao GC: limiar de dor 2 kg/cm2 versus 5,5 kg/cm2 (p <0,001), tolerância à dor 2,8 kg/cm2 versus 7,2 kg/cm2 (p <0,001) e força de preensão manual 14,5 kgf versus 25,2 kgf (p <0,001). Adicionalmente os dois questionários apresentaram resultados piores também no GF em relação ao GC, respectivamente: FIQ 65 versus 14,3 (p <0,001) e PSQI 13 versus 5 (p <0,001). No GF foi observada correlação negativa tanto entre o limiar de dor quanto a tolerância à dor com os escores do FIQ e do PSQI. No GF foram observadas correlações positivas tanto entre o limiar de dor (p <0,01) quanto a tolerância à dor (p <0,01) com força de preensão manual. É possível concluir que limiar de dor e tolerância à dor estão correlacionados com capacidade funcional, qualidade do sono e força de preensão manual em mulheres com fibromialgia

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The changes incurred in the financial system with the introduction of new technologies and new forms of administration of banks has caused impact on the health of workers. These changes, which passed in the process of work, generate a combined share of the risk factors that result in numerous injuries and illnesses among banks, notably between the operators of banks tellers. The Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disordes - WRMD represent a group of occupational diseases always present among these workers. Because of its high incidence and the amount of financial resour envolved to manage the problem has been the object of constant study. This paper aims to analyze the bank teller activity; search the occurrence of WRMD in the activity, identifying the factors determining the occurrence of WRMD in the activity and determine the real number of touchs on a keyboard made by the operator and propose solutions that influence the reduction of illness in the workplace of the bank teller. Methodological tools of ergonomics are used to provide a broad knowledge of aspects of work that have been studied and influential in the generation of occupational diseases studied. It was found that activity put workers to serious risk of occupational diseases. As the main contributory factors and determinants for this illness: the requirements and control the numbers daily endorsements; evaluation system based on performance targets for productivity; management system at time of service to customers; work with stressful factors (broken box); excess of time worked; furniture of workstations with ergonomic inadequacies and policy for the prevention of occupational diseases inefficient. They have also noted cases of illness for DORT workers without fulfilling the legal requirement of the issuance of the communication of labour accident and without the removal of the employee of the workplace

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This Masters degree dissertation presents a research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding within a hotel managers work in Natal/RN - Brazil, This Masters degree dissertation presents the research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding the hotel managers work in Natal / RN - Brazil, performing diagnosis of their activities and relating the aspects that impact the quality and productivity of hotel services and managers occupational health. This research is characterized as a case study with a qualitative approach, taking the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis which is the analysis of the managers work activity as a reference to the focus; and combining the use of observational and interactional methods. Ergonomics and macroergonomics are used in this study not only to understand the physical, cognitive and organizational constraints of the manager s duties, but also to characterize the work organizational architecture and design of that hotel. High workload, accumulation of tasks and diversion of functions performed by managers were noticed, increasing thereby the physical and psychological suffering for them. It was found that the activity of managers is characterized by the ambivalence of power, limited autonomy, cooperation, interdependence between managers and the fear of incompetence. It was also noticed that managers devote more time to the day job (37%), another time to sleep (30%), while only 33% of the rest of the day are meant for activities like taking care of health, family, social life and study. Although there are few studies addressing the health and safety of hotel managers, this research revealed that 84% of the surveyed hotel managers complain of musculoskeletal pain which 50% are obese and are 100% sedentary. It was also observed that managers adopt unsuitable postures for carrying out the work activities that contribute to becoming injured or work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the near future. Ergonomic measures were recommended as an investment in the skills and the training of managers, encouraging cooperative work, appropriateness of workload, limiting overtime, preserving the enjoyment of breaks during work and weekly holidays, changing the layout of the work sector , usage of communication technology to prevent displacement, compensatory physical activities, furniture adaptation, among others

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Post dispatch analysis of signals obtained from digital disturbances registers provide important information to identify and classify disturbances in systems, looking for a more efficient management of the supply. In order to enhance the task of identifying and classifying the disturbances - providing an automatic assessment - techniques of digital signal processing can be helpful. The Wavelet Transform has become a very efficient tool for the analysis of voltage or current signals, obtained immediately after disturbance s occurrences in the network. This work presents a methodology based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform to implement this process. It uses a comparison between distribution curves of signals energy, with and without disturbance. This is done for different resolution levels of its decomposition in order to obtain descriptors that permit its classification, using artificial neural networks

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Several research lines show that sleep favors memory consolidation and learning. It has been proposed that the cognitive role of sleep is derived from a global scaling of synaptic weights, able to homeostatically restore the ability to learn new things, erasing memories overnight. This phenomenon is typical of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and characterized by non-Hebbian mechanisms, i.e., mechanisms independent of synchronous neuronal activity. Another view holds that sleep also triggers the specific enhancement of synaptic connections, carrying out the embossing of certain mnemonic traces within a lattice of synaptic weights rescaled each night. Such an embossing is understood as the combination of Hebbian and non-Hebbian mechanisms, capable of increasing and decreasing respectively the synaptic weights in complementary circuits, leading to selective memory improvement and a restructuring of synaptic configuration (SC) that can be crucial for the generation of new behaviors ( insights ). The empirical findings indicate that initiation of Hebbian plasticity during sleep occurs in the transition of the SWS to the stage of rapid eye movement (REM), possibly due to the significant differences between the firing rates regimes of the stages and the up-regulation of factors involved in longterm synaptic plasticity. In this study the theories of homeostasis and embossing were compared using an artificial neural network (ANN) fed with action potentials recorded in the hippocampus of rats during the sleep-wake cycle. In the simulation in which the ANN did not apply the long-term plasticity mechanisms during sleep (SWS-transition REM), the synaptic weights distribution was re-scaled inexorably, for its mean value proportional to the input firing rate, erasing the synaptic weights pattern that had been established initially. In contrast, when the long-term plasticity is modeled during the transition SWSREM, an increase of synaptic weights were observed in the range of initial/low values, redistributing effectively the weights in a way to reinforce a subset of synapses over time. The results suggest that a positive regulation coming from the long-term plasticity can completely change the role of sleep: its absence leads to forgetting; its presence leads to a positive mnemonic change