Media Research and Psychoanalysis: A Suggestion

This short commentary outlines psychoanalysis as a theory and method and its potential value to media research. Following Dahlgren (2013), it is suggested that psychoanalysis may enrich the field because it may offer a complex theory of the human subject, as well as methodological means of doing justice to the richness, ambivalence and contradictions of human experience. The psychoanalytic technique of free association and how it has been adapted in social research (Hollway and Jefferson 2000) is suggested as a means to open up subjective modes of expression and thinking – in researchers and research participants alike – that lie beyond rationality and conscious agency.

Development and evaluation of a research-based prosthodontic clinical record

Introduction: Bien que l'importance de transférer les données de la recherche à la pratique a été largement démontrée, ce processus est toujours lent et fait face à plusieurs défis tels que la conceptualisation des évidences, la validité interne et externe de la recherche scientifique et les coûts élevés de la collecte de grandes quantités de données axées sur le patient. Les dossiers dentaires des patients contiennent des renseignements valables qui donneraient aux chercheurs cliniques une opportunité d'utiliser un large éventail d'informations quantitatives ou qualitatives. La standardisation du dossier clinique permettrait d’échanger et de réutiliser des données dans différents domaines de recherche. Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était de concevoir un dossier patient axé sur la recherche dans le domaine de la prosthodontie amovible à la clinique de premier cycle de l’Université de Montréal. Méthodes: Cette étude a utilisé des méthodes de recherche-action avec 4 étapes séquentielles : l'identification des problèmes, la collecte et l'interprétation des données, la planification et l’évaluation de l'action. Les participants de l'étude (n=14) incluaient des professeurs, des chercheurs cliniques et des instructeurs cliniques dans le domaine de la prosthodontie amovible. La collecte des données a été menée à l’aide d’une revue de littérature ciblée et complète sur les résultats en prosthodontie ainsi que par le biais de discussions de groupes et d’entrevues. Les données qualitatives ont été analysées en utilisant QDA Miner 3.2.3. Résultats: Les participants de l'étude ont soulevé plusieurs points absents au formulaire actuel de prosthodontie à la clinique de premier cycle. Ils ont partagé leurs idées pour la conception d'un nouveau dossier-patient basé sur 3 objectifs principaux: les objectifs cliniques, éducatifs et de recherche. Les principaux sujets d’intérêt en prosthodontie amovibles, les instruments appropriés ainsi que les paramètres cliniques ont été sélectionnés par le groupe de recherche. Ces résultats ont été intégrés dans un nouveau formulaire basé sur cette consultation. La pertinence du nouveau formulaire a été évaluée par le même groupe d'experts et les modifications requises ont été effectuées. Les participants de l'étude ont convenu que le cycle de recherche-action doit être poursuivi afin d'évaluer la faisabilité d’implémentation de ce dossier modifié dans un cadre universitaire. Conclusion: Cette étude est une première étape pour développer une base de données dans le domaine de la prothodontie amovible. La recherche-action est une méthode de recherche utile dans ce processus, et les éducateurs académiques sont bien placés pour mener ce type de recherche.

Active control comparisons: the ideal trial design

This report describes the concept for a clinical trial that uses carbamazepine as the gold-standard active control for a study of newly diagnosed patients. The authors describe an endpoint including efficacy and tolerability, and a stopping rule that uses a series of interim analyses in order to reach a conclusion as efficiently as possible without sacrificing reliability.

Visual practices and the objects of design

Recent interest in material objects - the things of everyday interaction - has led to articulations of their role in the literature on organizational knowledge and learning. What is missing is a sense of how the use of these 'things' is patterned across both industrial settings and time. This research addresses this gap with a particular emphasis on visual materials. Practices are analysed in two contrasting design settings: a capital goods manufacturer and an architectural firm. Materials are observed to be treated both as frozen, and hence unavailable for change; and as fluid, open and dynamic. In each setting temporal patterns of unfreezing and refreezing are associated with the different types of materials used. The research suggests that these differing patterns or rhythms of visual practice are important in the evolution of knowledge and in structuring social relations for delivery. Hence, to improve their performance practitioners should not only consider the types of media they use, but also reflect on the pace and style of their interactions.

Design and use of mobile technology in distance language education : Matching learning practices with technologies-in-practice

This thesis focuses on the adaptation of formal education to people’s technology- use patterns, theirtechnology-in-practice, where the ubiquitous use of mobile technologies is central. The research question is: How can language learning practices occuring in informal learning environments be effectively integrated with formal education through the use of mobile technology? The study investigates the technical, pedagogical, social and cultural challenges involved in a design science approach. The thesis consists of four studies. The first study systematises MALL (mobile-assisted language learning) research. The second investigates Swedish and Chinese students’ attitudes towards the use of mobile technology in education. The third examines students’ use of technology in an online language course, with a specific focus on their learning practices in informal learning contexts and their understanding of how this use guides their learning. Based on the findings, a specifically designed MALL application was built and used in two courses. Study four analyses the app use in terms of students’ perceived level of self-regulation and structuration. The studies show that technology itself plays a very important role in reshaping peoples’ attitudes and that new learning methods are coconstructed in a sociotechnical system. Technology’s influence on student practices is equally strong across borders. Students’ established technologies-in-practice guide the ways they approach learning. Hence, designing effective online distance education involves three interrelated elements: technology, information, and social arrangements. This thesis contributes to mobile learning research by offering empirically and theoretically grounded insights that shift the focus from technology design to design of information systems.

Design e management: um estudo de ciência e tecnologia no campo dos estudos organizacionais

Esta dissertação se propõe a cartografar as redes sociotécnicas do design no campo do management nos moldes propostos pela Teoria Ator-Rede e apresentar o processo de translação pelo qual passou o termo ao adentrar no campo. Para tal, levantou e analisou artigos publicados sobre o tema nos principais periódicos da área de organizações e publicações. Estes textos demonstram como, nas últimas décadas, o design tem passado por uma expansão de sentido e aplicação na direção do management (ou do management no sentido do design), através das abordagens denominadas design thinking, design science ou design process. A pesquisa se justifica, uma vez que este assunto está presente nos principais periódicos do management e dos estudos organizacionais, como uma importante ferramenta para solução de problemas que desafiam os sistemas organizacionais, como: a mudança, o empreendedorismo e a inovação (Stephens & Boland, 2014). É importante destacar que o design tem sido cada vez mais considerado uma atividade decisiva na batalha econômica (Callon, 1986), na determinação dos atuais estilos de vida (lifestyle) e na construção de nosso mundo futuro. No campo dos estudos organizacionais, como demonstrou esta pesquisa, o design surge como uma abordagem que supera a dicotomia entre positivismo e a abordagem crítica na teoria organizacional (Jelinek, Romme & Boland, 2008). Por fim, esta dissertação se ateve à cartografia das redes sociotécnicas e à descrição das quatro principais fases do processo de translação do design no campo do management, a saber: (a) problematização, marcada pela publicação de The Sciences of Artificial em 1969 de Herbert A. Simon, no qual, ele argumenta pelo design como uma habilidade básica para todas as especialidades profissionais, incluindo a gestão (Simon, 1996), (b) interessamento, designers defendendo um design de sistemas complexos como as organizações, (c) engajamento, designers e teóricos das organizações juntos pelo design no management como uma alternativa para a superação da dicotomia entre positivismo e os estudos críticos na administração, e, (d) mobilização, na qual os teóricos das organizações partem em defesa do design no management como um forma de dar conta de modelos organizacionais contemporâneos com fronteiras mais permeáveis e em constante reformulação

A escrita icônica: design gráfico, poesia visual e seus entrelaçamentos

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Action Research and Learning Analytics in Higher Education

Teaching is a dynamic activity. It can be very effective, if its impact is constantly monitored and adjusted to the demands of changing social contexts and needs of learners. This implies that teachers need to be aware about teaching and learning processes. Moreover, they should constantly question their didactical methods and the learning resources, which they provide to their students. They should reflect if their actions are suitable, and they should regulate their teaching, e.g., by updating learning materials based on new knowledge about learners, or by motivating learners to engage in further learning activities. In the last years, a rising interest in ‘learning analytics’ is observable. This interest is motivated by the availability of massive amounts of educational data. Also, the continuously increasing processing power, and a strong motivation for discovering new information from these pools of educational data, is pushing further developments within the learning analytics research field. Learning analytics could be a method for reflective teaching practice that enables and guides teachers to investigate and evaluate their work in future learning scenarios. However, this potentially positive impact has not yet been sufficiently verified by learning analytics research. Another method that pursues these goals is ‘action research’. Learning analytics promises to initiate action research processes because it facilitates awareness, reflection and regulation of teaching activities analogous to action research. Therefore, this thesis joins both concepts, in order to improve the design of learning analytics tools. Central research question of this thesis are: What are the dimensions of learning analytics in relation to action research, which need to be considered when designing a learning analytics tool? How does a learning analytics dashboard impact the teachers of technology-enhanced university lectures regarding ‘awareness’, ‘reflection’ and ‘action’? Does it initiate action research? Which are central requirements for a learning analytics tool, which pursues such effects? This project followed design-based research principles, in order to answer these research questions. The main contributions are: a theoretical reference model that connects action research and learning analytics, the conceptualization and implementation of a learning analytics tool, a requirements catalogue for useful and usable learning analytics design based on evaluations, a tested procedure for impact analysis, and guidelines for the introduction of learning analytics into higher education.

Mobile devices: dominant design as a goal

Since the beginning of the smartphones in the 80s, the mobile device market has grown and evolved towards devices connected everywhere, with hardware more and more close to computers and laptops than a classic mobile telephone. Nowadays, this market seems to be crowded and some companies seem not to know exactly which step is next. In this manner, a concept appears in the market as a solution or a difficulty to overcome: the dominant design. The thesis aims to establish an analysis and definition of what a dominant design is and how we should understand this concept: which are the costumers’ demands and needs? How can we relate this information with the dominant design? What is the strategy of the firm before designing a device? Do they use a concept similar to a dominant design?. The research base its analysis in a theoretical framework based in innovation and marketing literature, to then compare the model studied with data collected from surveys made to customers, interviews made to workers of the mobile device market, and different new projects on the market. The research finishes with a discussion about the theoretical and the empirical frameworks, and concludes replying the research questions, and defining a dominant design and its current situation in the market. RESUMEN. Desde la aparición de los Smartphones en los años 80, el mercado de los dispositivos móviles ha crecido y evolucionado hacia dispositivos cada vez más conectados, con hardware cada vez más cercano a los ordenadores de sobremesa y portátiles que al clásico teléfono móvil. A día de hoy, el mercado está saturado y algunas compañías parecen dubitativas ante el próximo paso a seguir. De esta manera, el concepto del diseño dominante aparece en el mercado como una solución a esta dificultad. El primer capítulo de este estudio se centra en establecer, a modo de introducción, los antecedentes al caso a estudiar, el objetivo de la tesis con sus limitaciones y delimitaciones, así como la metodología utilizada. También se plantean las preguntas principales (Research Questions) sobre el objetivo de la tesis, las cuales darán respuesta en la conclusión final al caso de estudio. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo establecer un análisis y definición sobre que es un diseño dominante y qué deberíamos entender como tal: ¿cuáles son las necesidades y las exigencias de los clientes? ¿Cómo se puede relacionar esta información con el diseño dominante en el sector tecnológico? ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de las empresas antes de diseñar un nuevo dispositivo? ¿Usan un concepto o modelos similares a un diseño dominante? Posteriormente, el segundo capítulo expone la bibliografía utilizada, y el enfoque analítico que se llevará a cabo con las 3 principales fuentes de datos. La investigación enfoca su análisis en un marco teórico, basado en publicaciones y bibliografía relacionadas con la innovación y el marketing, para luego comparar el modelo estudiado con un marco empírico: datos obtenidos de encuestas a consumidores, entrevistas a profesionales del sector de los dispositivos móviles, y diferentes prototipos y nuevos proyectos en este mercado. Entre esta literatura se encuentran manuales de marketing como “22 Immutable laws of Marketing” (de Al Ries & Jack Trout), publicaciones sobre el sector industrial de la tecnología y negocios: “Crossing the Chasm” de Geoffrey A. Moore y modelos de innovación entre otros como “Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation” de James M. Utterback. El tercer capítulo corresponde al estudio del marco teórico de la tesis, donde se analizará principalmente el modelo de innovación utilizado (el modelo cíclico de Utterback) y varios principios de marketing aplicados a este sector. Se plantean las bases de este modelo, la definición que el propio Utterback ofrece sobre el diseño dominante, y las 3 fases del proceso del mismo (Fluid Phase, Transitional Phase y Specific Phase), donde las empresas cambian de estrategia según las circunstancias evolutivas del dispositivo, su posición respecto el líder del mercado, o los procesos de estandarización y de costes. Por último se plantea la base para el desarrollo del diseño dominante en un ciclo evolutivo constante en el tiempo. Respecto a la parte más analítica de la tesis, el cuarto capítulo se desarrolla a partir de los datos obtenidos de las fuentes de información en el marco empírico de estudio. Se obtienen conclusiones sobre los datos realizados en ambas encuestas (en Español e Inglés) y sobre la relevancia de esta información; se estudian uno por uno hasta cuatro casos de nuevos dispositivos a corto-medio plazo en el mercado y se obtienen unas conclusiones globales sobre las entrevistas realizadas a los profesionales del sector y la relevancia de todas estas informaciones. En el quinto capítulo de la tesis se desarrolla la discusión en torno a los marcos teórico y empírico utilizados, para concluir respondiendo a las “Research Questions”, definiendo de esta manera el concepto de diseño dominante y comparando esta definición con la situación real del mercado. Se contrastan las bases del modelo de Utterback con los datos obtenidos en el capítulo cuarto, enfatizando la comparación entre las fases de este modelo con la realidad obtenida a través del estudio. Las encuestas realizadas a los consumidores se enmarcan en la segunda y tercera fase del ciclo, donde el desarrollo del diseño dominante ya está establecido y más desarrollado, mientras que las entrevistas unifican varios puntos clave a tener en cuenta en la primera y segunda fases, orientándose a las capas previas del proceso. Después se comparan uno a uno los 4 dispositivos analizados, a fin de establecer su jerarquía dentro del mercado, como posibles nuevos diseños dominantes o evoluciones especializadas de otros que ya aparecieron en el mercado con anterioridad. Así mismo, en esta parte final del estudio se comparan entre sí los resultados similares entre las tres fuentes de datos, y se analiza la veracidad de todas las fuentes consultadas. Finalmente, se han registrado en un sexto capítulo todas las referencias utilizadas en este proyecto, tanto publicaciones bibliográficas, entrevistas, citas de personajes relevantes del sector y enlaces en la red sobre noticias relevantes. En el apartado de apéndices se adjuntan tres anexos, donde se adjunta información utilizada en el caso de estudio, y la cual se ha obviado del texto principal con el objetivo de agilizar la lectura y la comprensión del mismo. Estos tres apéndices corresponden a las dos encuestas realizadas en ambos idiomas y la entrevista realizada a los profesionales del sector de los dispositivos móviles.

Detailing for a research centre in Antarctica: An experiment to force students to be creative instead of copying standard solutions

In order to equip architecture students with ambitious detail designing ability, related courses of the architecture programs should deal with subjects which are rather rare and unusual for real life practices in order to prevent students copying standard details. In 2015 an innovative project brief has been given to architecture students of Istanbul Technical University. The scenario given in the brief is to design a research station for the first group of Turkish scientist, to be built in one of the coldest and most arid regions on earth; the Antarctica. The performance requirements given in the brief were determined to prevent the students from copying details from any kind of resources as the total number of details generated in real life for those conditions are very limited and specific. The method used has demonstrated a great success and creative detail solutions were generated by the students. In the paper, the innovative coursework brief for bettering the detail design ability of architecture students is explained and the output of the studio is presented.

System engineering; an introduction to the design of large-scale systems

Mode of access: Internet.

Socio-Historical Factors Mediating Collaborative Teaching and Learning: A Design-Based Investigation and Intervention

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Designing in a group:how does knowing each other influence design projects

This paper presents a study of engineering design groups that seeks to explain how knowing other participants can influence processes and outcomes in design projects. Research in this paper contributes a framework to approach understanding how interpersonal relationships influence group processes and outcomes. This acknowledges that engineering design is achieved through individuals working in groups. First a temporal perspective is introduced to understand how individuals (through interpersonal relationships), group processes and outcomes influence each other; secondly identity is presented as a theme to focus on how knowing other participants identity influences group processes and outcomes. Within this framework it is recognised that engineering design has different levels of complexity of which two aspects are considered: design type and design setting. These aspects place different demands on a project group and its members and this structure provides an opportunity for cross case analysis to generalise findings.

The framework for REVIEWS: an exploration into design principles for an electronic medical early warning system observation chart

The observation chart is for many health professionals (HPs) the primary source of objective information relating to the health of a patient. Information Systems (IS) research has demonstrated the positive impact of good interface design on decision making and it is logical that good observation chart design can positively impact healthcare decision making. Despite the potential for good observation chart design, there is a paucity of observation chart design literature, with the primary source of literature leveraging Human Computer Interaction (HCI) literature to design better charts. While this approach has been successful, this design approach introduces a gap between understanding of the tasks performed by HPs when using charts and the design features implemented in the chart. Good IS allow for the collection and manipulation of data so that it can be presented in a timely manner that support specific tasks. Good interface design should therefore consider the specific tasks being performed prior to designing the interface. This research adopts a Design Science Research (DSR) approach to formalise a framework of design principles that incorporates knowledge of the tasks performed by HPs when using observation charts and knowledge pertaining to visual representations of data and semiology of graphics. This research is presented in three phases, the initial two phases seek to discover and formalise design knowledge embedded in two situated observation charts: the paper-based NEWS chart developed by the Health Service Executive in Ireland and the electronically generated eNEWS chart developed by the Health Information Systems Research Centre in University College Cork. A comparative evaluation of each chart is also presented in the respective phases. Throughout each of these phases, tentative versions of a design framework for electronic vital sign observation charts are presented, with each subsequent iteration of the framework (versions Alpha, Beta, V0.1 and V1.0) representing a refinement of the design knowledge. The design framework will be named the framework for the Retrospective Evaluation of Vital Sign Information from Early Warning Systems (REVIEWS). Phase 3 of the research presents the deductive process for designing and implementing V0.1 of the framework, with evaluation of the instantiation allowing for the final iteration V1.0 of the framework. This study makes a number of contributions to academic research. First the research demonstrates that the cognitive tasks performed by nurses during clinical reasoning can be supported through good observation chart design. Secondly the research establishes the utility of electronic vital sign observation charts in terms of supporting the cognitive tasks performed by nurses during clinical reasoning. Third the framework for REVIEWS represents a comprehensive set of design principles which if applied to chart design will improve the usefulness of the chart in terms of supporting clinical reasoning. Fourth the electronic observation chart that emerges from this research is demonstrated to be significantly more useful than previously designed charts and represents a significant contribution to practice. Finally the research presents a research design that employs a combination of inductive and deductive design activities to iterate on the design of situated artefacts.