Investigando portais de governo eletrônico de estados no Brasil: muita tecnologia, pouca democracia

Este artigo investiga portais de governos estaduais no Brasil, para detectar os movimentos do governo eletrônico que pretendem aprofundar a democracia por meio de processos digitais. Procedeu-se à investigação de nove portais dos estados considerados mais desenvolvidos do país e do Distrito Federal. O modelo de análise contempla, por um lado, os aspectos mais tecnológicos dos portais e como estes disponibilizam informações para os cidadãos, de maneira a criar facilidades para as suas vidas. Por outro - e este é o aspecto mais importante -, os referentes a accountability e a participação popular, no sentido de verificar como os portais (e os governos considerados) têm se constituído em um experimento de aprofundamento da democracia no Brasil e de realização de um novo tipo de sociedade: a digital. O quadro teórico enfatiza as categorias de governo eletrônico, accountability e participação popular. Os resultados não são animadores, convergindo com a experiência internacional, e são atribuídos à trajetória conservadora e autoritária do Estado no Brasil. Pondera-se, também, que todos esses processos, tanto do ponto de vista da absorção dos parâmetros da sociedade digital quanto do desenvolvimento da democracia, ainda estão em construção na sociedade brasileira.

Democracia, comunicação e negócio: o crescimento desmesurado da concentração económica

Neste artigo passa-se em revista a evolução da concentração das indústrias culturais e comunicativas que, ao longo do tempo, foram adquirindo um maior protagonismo na vida política, cultural e económica das sociedades, especialmente das mais desenvolvidas. A interrelação que se deu entre os regimes democráticos e os meios de comunicação, sobretudo desde o século XIX nos países liberais (embora com uma democracia mais restringida do que a actual), entrou em crise. Em traços largos, a crescente mercantilização da actividade cultural, comunicativa e de entretenimento coloca a questão de saber se os actuais macro ou mega grupos comunicativos e multimédia não têm um protagonismo excessivo, que de alguma maneira conviria controlar por parte dos Estados democráticos. Embora com uma visão geral, procurou-se utilizar exemplos do caso espanhol.

Gestão de políticas de cultura e qualidade da democracia: São Paulo, 10 anos de um modelo ainda em construção

Organizações sociais vêm assumindo papel crescente na gestão das políticas públicas de cultura no governo do estado de São Paulo. Fundado na escola da chamada "nova gestão pública", pode-se afirmar que esse modelo de gestão traria mais qualidade para a democracia a partir das reformas das organizações administrativas do estado. À luz da teoria da qualidade da democracia, o artigo analisa a implementação do modelo no estado, utilizando-se de dados descritivos dos recursos aportados e dos contratos de gestão estabelecidos pelo governo com a sociedade civil. Conclui-se que, a despeito do elevado esforço na implementação do modelo, ainda não se pode notar um padrão de gestão a partir das organizações sociais de cultura e sua relação com o Estado, bem como se sugerem outras dimensões investigativas para estabelecimento de agenda de pesquisa.

Comunidade de práticas virtual para investigadores : um projeto em desenvolvimento

As Comunidades de Prática fomentam a aprendizagem, transmissão e produção de conhecimento na organização. Contudo, esta perspetiva é ainda pouco desenvolvida nas comunidades online de e para investigadores. Neste artigo, apresenta-se o plano de desenvolvimento de uma Comunidade de Prática, desenvolvida na plataforma Moodle e num grupo no Facebook, para investigadores na Universidade Aberta, alicerçado num enquadramento teórico do tema, com o qual se pretende reforçar a comunicação online e cooperação entre os investigadores, potencializando a coesão e melhoria de práticas a nível da investigação. Pela análise de entrevistas realizadas aos investigadores e das dinâmicas geradas no grupo de Facebook verifica-se interesse no desenvolvimento de projetos de investigação e preferência pelo trabalho em equipa, apesar da falta de financiamento, tempo ou apoio. Apurou-se ainda um aumento de interações em publicações dos próprios investigadores, sendo que, em média, apenas 21 dos 43 membros do grupo visualizam as publicações, havendo maior ou menor interesse conforme o tipo de publicação feita.

A bot spooler architecture to integrate virtual worlds with e-learning management systems for corporate training

Joining efforts of academic and corporate teams, we developed an integration architecture - MULTIS - that enables corporate e-learning managers to use a Learning Management System (LMS) for management of educational activities in virtual worlds. This architecture was then implemented for the Formare LMS. In this paper we present this architecture and concretizations of its implementation for the Second Life Grid/OpenSimulator virtual world platforms. Current systems are focused on activities managed by individual trainers, rather than groups of trainers and large numbers of trainees: they focus on providing the LMS with information about educational activities taking place in a virtual world and/or being able to access within the virtual world some of the information stored in the LMS, and disregard the streamlining of activity setup and data collection in multi-trainer contexts, among other administrative issues. This architecture aims to overcome the limitations of existing systems for organizational management of corporate e-learning activities.

(Virtual) Agents for running electricity markets

This paper describes a multi-agent based simulation (MABS) framework to construct an artificial electric power market populated with learning agents. The artificial market, named TEMMAS (The Electricity Market Multi-Agent Simulator), explores the integration of two design constructs: (i) the specification of the environmental physical market properties and (ii) the specification of the decision-making (deliberative) and reactive agents. TEMMAS is materialized in an experimental setup involving distinct power generator companies that operate in the market and search for the trading strategies that best exploit their generating units' resources. The experimental results show a coherent market behavior that emerges from the overall simulated environment.

Innovation through virtual communities of Practice: motivation and constraints in the knowledge-creation process

Communities of Practice are places which provide a sound basis for organizational learning, enabling knowledge creation and acquisition thus improving organizational performance, leveraging innovation and consequently increasing competitively. Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP‟s) can perform a central role in promoting communication and collaboration between members who are dispersed in both time and space. The ongoing case study, described here, aims to identify both the motivations and the constraints that members of an organization experience when taking part in the knowledge creating processes of the VCoP‟s to which they belong. Based on a literature review, we have identified several factors that influence such processes; they will be used to analyse the results of interviews carried out with the leaders of VCoP‟s in four multinationals. As future work, a questionnaire will be developed and administered to the other members of these VCoP‟s

Virtual communities of practice: investigating motivations and constraints in the processes of knowledge creation and transfer

With accelerated market volatility, faster response times and increased globalization, business environments are going through a major transformation and firms have intensified their search for strategies which can give them competitive advantage. This requires that companies continuously innovate, to think of new ideas that can be transformed or implemented as products, processes or services, generating value for the firm. Innovative solutions and processes are usually developed by a group of people, working together. A grouping of people that share and create new knowledge can be considered as a Community of Practice (CoP). CoP’s are places which provide a sound basis for organizational learning and encourage knowledge creation and acquisition. Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP's) can perform a central role in promoting communication and collaboration between members who are dispersed in both time and space. Nevertheless, it is known that not all CoP's and VCoP's share the same levels of performance or produce the same results. This means that there are factors that enable or constrain the process of knowledge creation. With this in mind, we developed a case study in order to identify both the motivations and the constraints that members of an organization experience when taking part in the knowledge creating processes of VCoP's. Results show that organizational culture and professional and personal development play an important role in these processes. No interviewee referred to direct financial rewards as a motivation factor for participation in VCoPs. Most identified the difficulty in aligning objectives established by the management with justification for the time spent in the VCoP. The interviewees also said that technology is not a constraint.

Virtual communities of practice: examining the motivations and constraints in their knowledge creation and knowledge transfer preocesses

Paper accepted for the OKLC 2009 - International Conference on Organizational Learning, Knowledge and Capabilities (26-28th, April 2009, Amsterdam, the Netherlands).

A checkpointing-enabled and resource-aware Java Virtual Machine for efficient and robust e-Science applications in grid environments

Object-oriented programming languages presently are the dominant paradigm of application development (e. g., Java,. NET). Lately, increasingly more Java applications have long (or very long) execution times and manipulate large amounts of data/information, gaining relevance in fields related with e-Science (with Grid and Cloud computing). Significant examples include Chemistry, Computational Biology and Bio-informatics, with many available Java-based APIs (e. g., Neobio). Often, when the execution of such an application is terminated abruptly because of a failure (regardless of the cause being a hardware of software fault, lack of available resources, etc.), all of its work already performed is simply lost, and when the application is later re-initiated, it has to restart all its work from scratch, wasting resources and time, while also being prone to another failure and may delay its completion with no deadline guarantees. Our proposed solution to address these issues is through incorporating mechanisms for checkpointing and migration in a JVM. These make applications more robust and flexible by being able to move to other nodes, without any intervention from the programmer. This article provides a solution to Java applications with long execution times, by extending a JVM (Jikes research virtual machine) with such mechanisms. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Virtual power producers integration into MASCEM

All over the world Distributed Generation is seen as a valuable help to get cleaner and more efficient electricity. Under this context distributed generators, owned by different decentralized players can provide a significant amount of the electricity generation. To get negotiation power and advantages of scale economy, these players can be aggregated giving place to a new concept: the Virtual Power Producer. Virtual Power Producers are multi-technology and multi-site heterogeneous entities. Virtual Power Producers should adopt organization and management methodologies so that they can make Distributed Generation a really profitable activity, able to participate in the market. In this paper we address the integration of Virtual Power Producers into an electricity market simulator –MASCEM – as a coalition of distributed producers.

Virtual power players demand response programs management based on locational marginal prices

Power systems have been suffering huge changes mainly due to the substantial increase of distributed generation and to the operation in competitive environments. Virtual power players can aggregate a diversity of players, namely generators and consumers, and a diversity of energy resources, including electricity generation based on several technologies, storage and demand response. Resource management gains an increasing relevance in this competitive context, while demand side active role provides managers with increased demand elasticity. This makes demand response use more interesting and flexible, giving rise to a wide range of new opportunities.This paper proposes a methodology for managing demand response programs in the scope of virtual power players. The proposed method is based on the calculation of locational marginal prices (LMP). The evaluation of the impact of using demand response specific programs on the LMP value supports the manager decision concerning demand response use. The proposed method has been computationally implemented and its application is illustrated in this paper using a 32 bus network with intensive use of distributed generation.

Energy resource scheduling in a real distribution network managed by several virtual power players

Smart Grids (SGs) appeared as the new paradigm for power system management and operation, being designed to integrate large amounts of distributed energy resources. This new paradigm requires a more efficient Energy Resource Management (ERM) and, simultaneously, makes this a more complex problem, due to the intensive use of distributed energy resources (DER), such as distributed generation, active consumers with demand response contracts, and storage units. This paper presents a methodology to address the energy resource scheduling, considering an intensive use of distributed generation and demand response contracts. A case study of a 30 kV real distribution network, including a substation with 6 feeders and 937 buses, is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This network is managed by six virtual power players (VPP) with capability to manage the DER and the distribution network.