Estudo fitoquímico e propriedades biológicas da Dipteryx alata Vogel (baru)

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Micronutrient contents of a revegetated saprolite exposed by excavation of an oxisol

Soils of the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been found to be deficient in copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). In this area, an Oxisol was deeply excavated in 1962 during the construction of a hydroelectrical plant, and the exposed saprolite material was abandoned, without any reclamation measures. The abandoned land was a harsh environment for plant growth, and the secondary vegetation has not recovered. A field trial was established in 1992 to assess the effects of different grass species and lime amendments on soil reclamation at the degraded site. In 2011 soil samples were collected at three depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-40cm) from vegetated and bare plots over tilled saprolite, from an untreated area of the saprolite, and from an Oxisol under native forest, used as external reference. Nineteen years after the reclamation effort was begun, the organic carbon (OC) content of the restored saprolite still was much lower than that of the Oxisol under natural vegetation. The undisturbed Oxisol was deficient in extractable Cu (0.16-0.10mgkg(-1)) and Zn (0.10-0.02mgkg(-1)) and exhibited rather low concentrations of extractable iron (Fe; 5.24-1.47mgkg(-1)) and manganese (Mn; 3.21-0.77mgkg(-1)). However, the saprolite under reclamation showed even lower levels of these elements compared to the native forest soil. In the natural soil, OC, N, extractable Fe, Mn, and Cu showed stratification, but this was not the case for extractable Zn. Although the reclaimed saprolite still was far from predisturbance conditions, the revegetation treatments promoted recovery of OC, N, Fe, Mn, and Cu at the surface layers, which resulted in incipient stratification. Extractable Fe, Mn, and Cu were correlated to OC, whereas no association between Zn and OC was detected. Our results also suggest that reclamation of the excavated saprolite may be constrained by micronutrient deficiencies and mostly by the extremely low levels of Zn and Cu.

Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C: diversidade genética e química de populações

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Variabilidade química infraespecífica e dinâmica de metabólitos secundários fenólicos e diterpênicos em Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae): correlação metabolômica e proteômica utilizando cromatografia, espectrometria de massas, ressonância magnética nuclear e quimiometria

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Impacto da redução do fósforo suplementar sobre fertilidade, habilidade materna e custos com suplementação mineral em vacas de corte mantidas em Urochloa decumbens: Rogério Magnoli Costa. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

A new species of Trachycephalus (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) from the State of Goias, Brazil

A new species of Trachycephalus is described for the Cerrado biome of Goias, Brazil. Trachycephalus mambaiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the other ten species of the genus by the skin co-ossified with the skull, heavy cranial ossification, frontoparietal that fails to articulate with squamosal, absence of a crista occipitalis and secreting glands of milky and viscous substances. The skull of the new species shows an intermediary condition between species of Trachycephalus with a well ossified skull (Casque-headed frogs) and those without cranial ossification.

Bills Favor Mining and Threaten Conservation of Brazilian Merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) at Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Serra da Canastra National Park (SCNP) is one of the most important protected areas in the Cerrado biome. Despite its importance to the conservation of rare and endangered species like Brazilian Merganser, two bills were approved in 2010 by Brazil's Chamber of Deputies aiming to reduce SCNP's official boundaries and to transform some of its parts into an Environmental Protection Area (EPA). We evaluated whether such changes would facilitate mining areas to be legally exploited within the park's area, and if those mining areas would represent a threat to Brazilian Merganser populations at SCNP. Results showed that 55% of the mining areas currently within the National Park will be located within the new EPA, and six hydrographic micro-basins inhabited by Brazilian Merganser could be affected by environmental impacts caused by mineral exploitation in those areas. For these reasons, we recommend the two bills be refused at the Federal Senate.

Pathogens of Wild Maned Wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Brazil

The maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, is an endangered Neotropical canid that survives at low population densities. Diseases are a potential threat for its conservation but to date have been poorly studied. We performed clinical evaluations and investigated the presence of infectious diseases through serology and coprologic tests on maned wolves from Galheiro Natural Private Reserve, Perdizes City, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Fifteen wolves were captured between 2003 and 2008. We found high prevalences of antibody to canine distemper virus (CDV; 13/14), canine parvovirus (CPV; 4/14), canine adenovirus type 2 (13/14), canine coronavirus (5/11), canine parainfluenza virus (5/5), and Toxoplasma gondii (6/8), along with Ancylostomidae eggs in all feces samples. Antibodies against Leishmania sp. were found in one of 10 maned wolves, and all samples were negative for Neospora caniman. Evidence of high exposure to these viral agents was also observed in unvaccinated domestic clogs from neighboring farms. High prevalence of viral agents and parasites such as CDV, CPV, and Ancylostomidae indicates that this population faces considerable risk of outbreaks and chronic debilitating parasites. This is the first report of exposure to canine parainfluenza virus in Neotropical free-ranging wild canids. Our findings highlight that canine pathogens pose a serious hazard to the viability of maned wolves and other wild carnivore populations in the area and emphasize the need for monitoring and protecting wildlife health in remaining fragments of the Cerrado biome.

Uso de modelagem de nicho fundamental na avaliação do padrão de distribuição geográfica de espécies vegetais

Atualmente vêm sendo desenvolvidas e utilizadas várias técnicas de modelagem de distribuição geográfica de espécies com os mais variados objetivos. Algumas dessas técnicas envolvem modelagem baseada em análise ambiental, nas quais os algoritmos procuram por condições ambientais semelhantes àquelas onde as espécies foram encontradas, resultando em áreas potenciais onde as condições ambientais seriam propícias ao desenvolvimento dessas espécies. O presente estudo trata do uso da modelagem preditiva de distribuição geográfica, através da utilização de algoritmo genético e algoritmo de distância, de espécies como ferramenta para a conservação de espécies vegetais, em três situações distintas: modelagem da distribuição do bioma cerrado no estado de São Paulo; previsão da ocorrência de espécies arbóreas visando à restauração da cobertura vegetal na bacia do Médio Paranapanema e modelagem da distribuição de espécies ameaçadas de extinção (Byrsonima subterranea). A metodologia empregada e os resultados obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios para a geração de modelos de distribuição geográfica de espécies vegetais, baseados em dados abióticos, para as regiões de estudo. A eficácia do modelo em predizer a ocorrência de espécies do cerrado é maior se forem utilizados apenas pontos de amostragem com fisionomias de cerrado, excluindo-se áreas de transição. Para minimizar problemas decorrentes da falta de convergência do algoritmo utilizado GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production), foram gerados 100 modelos para cada espécie modelada. O uso de modelagem pode auxiliar no entendimento dos padrões de distribuição de um bioma ou ecossistema em uma análise regional e local.

Detecção e análise de áreas queimadas por meio da normalização de séries temporais MODIS na região do Jalapão

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2015.

Partição de nicho isotópico por pequenos mamíferos em formações florestais de uma savana neotropical

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2016.

Avaliação da potencial migração de Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) por massas de ar para áreas produtoras de cultivos hospedeiros do Estado de São Paulo.

Resumo Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é um inseto exótico, altamente polífago, que foi detectado no Brasil em 2013 causando sérios danos em cultivos de soja, milho e algodão, localizados em áreas estaduais específicas das regiões Nordeste e Centro-Oeste com a presença do bioma Cerrado. Após o período de um ano o inseto foi identificado em várias regiões do País. A literatura indica que o inseto adulto apresenta características físicas que favorecem sua grande capacidade de voo, tanto em distância (100-1000 km) quanto a elevadas altitudes (maiores que 1,5 km acima do nível do solo), aumentando o seu potencial para dispersão de longo alcance, principalmente por voos migratórios das áreas já atacadas. Por essa razão, as massas de ar brasileiras podem atuar como potenciais facilitadoras à atividade migratória do inseto a longas distâncias para as áreas de maior concentração de seus cultivos hospedeiros preferenciais, resultante da atração natural do inseto aos fatores químicos delas decorrentes. Desse modo, devem ser consideradas em avaliações de áreas mais propícias à presença de H. armigera para orientar monitoramentos e estratégias de manejo locais. Este trabalho avaliou a potencial migração de H. armigera por massas de ar para áreas produtoras de cultivos hospedeiros do estado de São Paulo, considerando seus municípios produtores de algodão, soja, milho, tomate, feijão, café e laranja; as principais massas de ar brasileiras; a presença de grandes áreas com cultivos de eucalipto e pinus (outras potenciais barreiras físicas ao inseto); e a localização do bioma Cerrado paulista. Informações das áreas produtoras e das áreas plantadas por município de 2008, 2012 e 2014, disponibilizadas pelo IBGE, foram utilizadas em planos de informação georreferenciados, elaborados em ArcGis 10.3, para identificar a localização de suas respectivas grandes áreas em cada ano. O cruzamento georreferenciado também resultou mapas das áreas plantadas em 2014 com todos os cultivos citados, indicando as de maior potencial de infestação/reinfestações de H. armigera no estado de São Paulo, para orientar monitoramentos e estratégias de Manejo Integrado de Pragas - MIP locais. Abstract Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an exotic insect highly polyphagous, which was detected in Brazil in 2013 causing serious damage to soybean, corn and cotton crops located in specific state areas in the northeast and center-west regions with the presence of Cerrado Biome (similar to the Savannah). After a oneyear period, the insect was detected in several regions of the country. Foreign literature indicates that the adult phase of the insect shows certain physical characteristics which favor its great flight capacity, even related to reach long distances (100-1000 Km) as many as to reach high altitudes (overtaken 1.5 Km above the ground level), increasing its potential of farthest dispersion, mainly by migratory flights from the areas already attacked. Therefore, the Brazilian air masses may act as potentially enhance the insect's farthest migratory activity to areas of greater concentration of its preferential host crops due to the insect's natural attraction to their chemical factors. Thus, migration potential of H. armigera by air masses toward preferential host crop areas must be considered in evaluations of most favorable areas to the presence of the insect to guide monitoring and local management strategies. The present work evaluated the H. armigera migration potential by air masses toward producing areas of host crops in São Paulo state, Brazil, considering its municipalities producing cotton, soybean, corn, tomato, bean, coffee, orange, eucalyptus and pine trees, as well as the main Brazilian air masses and the presence of Cerrado Biome in the state. Information of producing and of planting areas with the annual crops by municipalities in 2008, 2012 and 2014, provided by IBGE, were used in cross-maps made using ArcGis 10.3, in order to identify the location of their respective greater areas in each year. Cross-maps also provided results indicating the planting areas in 2014 with all crops already mentioned, as well as the potential areas to infestation/reinfestations of H. armigera in São Paulo State, in order to guide monitoring and local strategies of IPM.

Diallel analysis in cowpea aiming at selection for extra-earliness.

In Brazil, the production of cowpea is concentrated in the Northeast and North; however, in recent years, its cultivation has expanded to the Cerrado biome of the Brazilian Midwest region, where it is incorporated into production arrangements in the form of off-season

Effects of land cover on chemical characteristics of streams in the Cerrado region of Brazil

The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome and contains the headwaters of three major hydrological basins in Brazil. In spite of the biological and ecological relevance of this biome, there is little information about how land use changes affect the chemistry of low-order streams in the Cerrado. To evaluate these effects streams that drain areas under natural, rural, and urban land cover were sampled near Brasilia, Brazil. Water samples were collected between September 2004 and December 2006. Chemical concentrations generally followed the pattern of Urban > Rural > Natural. Median conductivity of stream water of 21.6 (interquartile: 22.7) mu S/cm in urban streams was three and five-fold greater relative to rural and natural areas, respectively. In the wet season, despite of increasing discharge, concentration of many solutes were higher, particularly in rural and natural streams. Streams also presented higher total dissolved N (TDN) loads from natural to rural and urban although DIN:DON ratios did not differ significantly. In natural and urban streams TDN was 80 and 77% dissolved organic N, respectively. These results indicate that alterations in land cover from natural to rural and urban are changing stream water chemistry in the Cerrado with increasing solute concentrations, in addition to increased TDN output in areas under urban cover, with potential effects on ecosystem function.

Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Forensic Entomology research has been concentrated in only a few localities of the "Cerrado" vegetation, the Brazilian Savannah. The present study had, as its objective, an examination of the diversity of arthropod fauna associated with the carcasses of Sus scrofa (Linnaeus) in this biome. The study was conducted during the dry and humid periods in two Cerrado vegetation profiles of the State of Minas Gerais. The decaying process was slower and greater quantities of arthropods were collected during the dry period. Insects represented 99% of 161,116 arthropods collected. The majority of these were Diptera (80.2%) and Coleoptera (8.8%). The entomofauna belong to 85 families and at least 212 species. Diptera were represented by 31 families and at least 132 species. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) were the richest groups. Oxysarcodexia (Sarcophagidae) presented the largest number of attracted species, however none of these species bred in the carcasses. The Coleoptera collected belong to at least 50 species of 21 families. Among these species, Dermestes maculatus and Necrobia rufipes were observed breeding in the carcasses. This study showed species with potential importance for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI), indicative of seasonal and environmental type located.