Utilização da cinza de folha de cana-de-açúcar como material pozolânico em matrizes cimentantes

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Avaliação de sistemas de manejo de palhiço de cana-de-açúcar no campo e na indústria

This work presents and it evaluates the systems of crop of sugar-cane trash for energy ends, through studies accomplished in three industries of sugar and alcohol, of the State of São Paulo, as withdrawal in the field and crop partially integral with separation of the trash in the industry (cleaning the dry). it is Treated of a development of opportunities, because only when there is pulp shortage it is that remembers the energy use of the trash, which presents a larger cost for equivalent ton in energy again that the pulp of the sugar-cane, that already has a very spread trade in the section the sugar and alcohol. Another factor that should be outstanding is the environmental, because the Environmental Protocol exists, sanctioned by most of the producing of sugar-cane, that reduces the period for elimination burned of the sugar-cane before the crop implanted by the Law 11.241 of 2002. However it is important to highlight that the crop of the sugar-cane without it burns her previous, it increases the difficulty in the combat the pest denominated “cigarrinha-da-raiz”, turning necessary the retreat of part of the trash non beneficial for the soil, contributing like this, with the practice of removal of the trash for energy use. Of the obtained results it is ended that the most interesting modality economically, was the separation of the trash in the industry and that for better efficiency, the sugar-cane should go by a double process of blowing for cleaning, pointing out, however, that there was reduction of the capacity of transport of the sugar-cane as adult was the amount of trash partially in the crop integral.

Efeito da adição de fibras de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratadas na produção de metano advinda da biodigestão anaeróbia de gorduras do leite

A digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa para o tratamento de resíduos com altas concentrações de matéria orgânica. Por meio dos processos anaeróbios é possível a produção de biogás, fonte de energia renovável e ambientalmente amigável. Elevadas concentrações de lipídios, todavia, apesar de representarem elevado potencial metanogênico, interferem negativamente nos sistemas de tratamento, podendo inibir a atividade microbiana e, consequentemente, a produção de metano. O presente projeto avaliou o efeito da adição de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar no processo de biodigestão anaeróbia de elevadas concentrações de gorduras advindas de efluentes de laticínio. Para tanto foi utilizado bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura e pré-tratadas pelos seguintes métodos: organossolve, hidrotérmico, explosão à vapor e ácido diluído. O uso desse material lignocelulósico teve o objetivo de controlar a inibição causada pelos produtos da hidrólise dos lipídios por meio de sua adsorção e, consequentemente, diminuição das concentrações de tais compostos no meio. Outra hipótese era que o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pudessem agir como co-substrato no processo de biodigestão anaeróbia. Inicialmente realizaram-se ensaios de biodegradabilidade anaeróbia com concentrações crescentes de gordura, que resultaram em relação entre substrato e microrganismo 0,06, 0,1, 0,2, 0,4 e 0,6 g DQO/gSTV. O ensaio com concentração em que foi verificada a inibição severa (0,4 gDQO/gSTV) do processo foi repetido com adição das fibras tratadas e não tratadas. Aos dados de produção acumulada de metano ajustou-se modelo de Gompertz, e parâmetros cinéticos foram inferidos. O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar mostrou potencial como adsorvente de gordura, pois as produções metanogênicas foram superiores à condição inibida sem adição desse material. A adição de fibras pré-tratadas por método organossolve resultou nas maiores produções de metano.

Obtenção de triacetato de celulose a partir do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar para revestimento de micropartículas de goma gelana e avaliação do seu perfil de liberação in vitro e da mucoadesão ex vivo

Oral route of administration is considered to be the most comfortable, safe and greater adaptation for patients. But, oral route presents some disadvantages such as drugs bioavailability and side effects on the stomach. Some technologies are studied to soften and/or resolve these problems, such as coating with polymeric films, which are able to protect the pharmaceutical form of the acid stomachic environment and to act in the drug release, and mucoadhesive systems, which allow the pharmaceutical form remains a greater time interval in the intestine, increasing the effectiveness of the drug. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) films were produced from cellulose extracted from sugar cane bagasse. The films were prepared with different morphologies (with and without water, acting as non-solvent) and concentrations (3, 6.5 and 10%) of CTA and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor permeability (WVP), puncture resistance (PR), enzymatic digestion (DE), and mucoadhesive force evaluation (MF). Microscopy showed the formation of symmetric and asymmetric morphologies. WVP data showed that more concentrated films have higher values for WVP; moreover, asymmetric films had higher values than symmetric films. PR measurements showed that symmetric membranes are more resistant than asymmetric ones. More concentrated films were also more puncture resistant, except for symmetric membranes with CTA concentrations of 6.5 and 10% that did not show significant differences. All of the films presented large mucoadhesive capacities independent of their morphology and CTA concentration. From the results of WVP and RP, a symmetric filme with 6.5% CTA showed better ability and mechanical resistance, therefore, was selected to serve as coating of gellan gum (GG) particles incorporating ketoprofen (KET), which was confirmed by SEM. The selected film presented low values in measurements of the swelling index (SI) and in a dissolution test (DT). TGA analysis showed that the CTA coating does not influence the thermal stability of the particles and there is no incompatibility evidence between CTA, GG and KET. Coated particles released 100% of the ketoprofen in 24 h, while uncoated particles released the same amount in 4 h. The results of this study highlight the potential of CTA in the development of new controlled oral delivery systems.

Adição do resíduo de biomassa da cana-de-açúcar em pastas para cimentação de poços petrolíferos produtores de óleos pesados

The Potiguar basin has large fields of viscous oil where the used method for recovering is based on vapor injection; this operation is carried out by injecting vapor in the oilwell directly, without the protection of a revetment through thermal insulation, what causes its dilation and, consequently, cracks in the cement placed on the annular, and lost of hydraulic insulation; this crack is occasioned by the phenomenon of retrogression of the compressive resistance due to the conversion of the hydrated calcium silicate in phases calcium-rich, caused by the high temperatures in the wells, subjected to thermal recuperation. This work has evaluated the application of composite pastes with addition of residue of biomass of ground sugar-cane bagasse as anti-retrogression mineral admixture for cementation of oil-wells subjected to thermal recuperation. The addition of the mineral residue was carried out considering a relative amount of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59% in relation to cement mass, trying to improve the microstructure of the paste, still being developed a reference paste only with cement and a paste with addition of 40% of silica flour - renowned material in the oil industry as anti-retrogression additive. Pozzolanic activity of the ash was evaluated through XRD, TG/DTG, as the resistance to compression, and it was also determined the physical and mechanical behavior of the pastes when submitted to cure at low temperatures (22 and 38º C); besides it was evaluated the behavior of the pastes when submitted to two cycles of cure at high temperature (280ºC) and pressure (7 MPa). It was verified that the ash of the sugar-cane biomass presents pozzolanic reaction and has great efficiency in decrease the permeability of the paste by filler effect, as well as that addition of ash in a relative amount of 10, 20 e 30% increases cured compressive resistance at low temperatures. It was also showed that the ash in a relative amount of 40% and 59% has very significant efficiency as anti-retrogression additive, since it prevents the decrease of compressive resistance and forms hydrated calcium silicate type xenotlita and tobermorita which have more resistance and stability in high temperatures

Aspectos agrotecnológicos, florescimento, impurezas vegetais e produção de bagaço de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da adição de cinza do bagaço de cana calcinada em sistemas de pastas para cimentação de poços petrolíferos

Cementing operation is one of the most important stages in the oil well drilling processes and has main function to form hydraulic seal between the various permeable zones traversed by the well. However, several problems may occur with the cement sheath, either during primary cementing or during the well production period. Cements low resistance can cause fissures in the cement sheath and compromise the mechanical integrity of the annular, resulting in contamination of groundwater and producing zones. Several researches show that biomass ash, in particular, those generated by the sugarcane industry have pozzolanic activity and can be added in the composition of the cementing slurries in diverse applications, providing improvements in mechanical properties, revenue and cement durability. Due to the importance of a low cost additive that increases the mechanical properties in a well cementing operations, this study aimed to potentiate the use of sugarcane bagasse ash as pozzolanic material, evaluate the mechanisms of action of this one on cement pastes properties and apply this material in systems slurries aimed to cementing a well with 800 m depth and geothermal gradient of 1.7 °F/100 ft, as much primary cementing operations as squeeze. To do this, the ash beneficiation methods were realized through the processes of grinding, sifting and reburning (calcination) and then characterization by X-ray fluorescence, XRD, TG / DTG, specific surface area, particle size distribution by laser diffraction and mass specific. Moreover, the ash pozzolanic activity added to the cement at concentrations of 0%, 20% and 40% BWOC was evaluated by pozzolanic activity index with lime and with Portland cement. The evaluation of the pozzolanic activity by XRD, TG / DTG and compressive strength confirmed the ash reactivity and indicated that the addition of 20% in the composition of cement slurries produces improvement 34% in the mechanical properties of the slurry cured. Cement slurries properties evaluated by rheological measurements, fluid loss, free fluid, slurry sedimentation, thickening time and sonic strength (UCA) were satisfactory and showed the viability of using the sugarcane ash in cement slurries composition for well cementing

Aproveitamento de resíduos de cinza da cana de açúcar em massas cerâmicas

This study aimed to investigate the use of cane sugar ashes from small-scale stills of Eunápolis region, state of Bahia, in pottery mass that can be developed as porcelain stoneware. Bahia is the second largest producer of rum distillery in Brazil. In the production of rum is produced residue called bagasse, which is used to generate electricity in Power plants and in the distillery itself, generating ashes as residue, which is played in nature, causing environmental damage. We studied 5 (five) formulations of 0% 10% 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of the ash, without ignition and 3 (three) formulations of 10%, 20% and 30% with gray ash temperature of 1250ºC. The formulation at 0% by weight of ash was used for a comparison between the traditional mass of porcelain stoneware and the masses with the addition of ash calcined, replacing feldspar. The percentage by weight of kaolin and of Clay was kept the same, 30%, and all raw materials were derived from the state of Bahia. The samples were made in uniaxial array with dimensions of (60 x 20 x 5) mm and compressed to a pressure of 45 MPa. Assays were performed to characterize the raw by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, ATD and ATG and Dilatometric analysis. The samples were sintered at temperatures of 1100°C, 1150°C, 1200°C and 1250°C, for the specimens with the ashes without ash and 1150° C and 1200° C for specimens with the gray level of calcined 60 minutes. and then we made a cooling ramp with the same rate of warming until reach ambient temperature. The sintered bodies were characterized by water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, bending strength and XRD of the fracture surface and the results analyzed. It was proven, after results of tests performed, that it is possible to use the ash residue of sugar cane bagasse on ceramic coating with the addition of up to 10% wt of the residue ash

Avaliação do perfil de produção de enzimas e potencial de degradação do herbicida diuron pelos fungos isolados de solo de plantação de cana-de-açúcar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise da viabilidade do aproveitamento da palha da cana de açúcar para cogeração de energia numa usina sucroalcooleira

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Cogeração a partir da biomassa residual de cana-de-açúcar: estudo de caso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação físico-química de palhiço de cana-de-açúcar utilizado para cogeração de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Estudo energético do bagaço de diferentes variedades de cana-de-açucar

Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE

Estudo de pré-tratamentos de bagaço de cana para produção de etanol celulósico por hidrólise enzimática

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização espectroscópica e estudo do comportamento térmico dos resíduos provenientes da cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)