Cornfield products : a little journey thru a modern packing plant.

Promotional literature for White Provision Co.

Consumer goods; how to know and use them

Bibliography at end of each unit.

Geary and Kansas. Governor Geary's administration in Kansas: with a complete history of the territory until June 1857: embracing a full account of its discovery, geography, soil, rivers, climate, products; its organization as a territory. All fully authenticated.

Mode of access: Internet.

Opportunities to enhance the purchase of environmentally preferable products : a report to the Illinois General Assembly.

State government purchases a wide array of goods and services, ranging from office supplies to motor vehicles to energy. While purchasing officials are working to get the maximum value out of each dollar they spend, products with reduced environmental impacts are becoming increasingly available in the marketplace to help state agencies meet the challenge of operating more efficiently. Known as environmentally preferable or "green," these products can save energy and water, reduce waste generation and improve the workplace environment. ... This report provides recommendations on steps Illinois state government can take to expand the purchase of products that have a reduced impact on human health and the environment, while maintaining fiscal responsibility. The report was prepared by the Interagency Working Group on Environmentally Preferable Purchasing, which was created by Governor Rod Blagojevich in response to House Resolution 797. The Working Group included representatives of the Capital Development Board; Department of Central Management Services; Department of Natural Resources, Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity; Environmental Protection Agency; and Governor's Office of Management and Budget.

Price risks for wool and wool products : and means of reducing them /

Bibliography: p. 96-97.

Consumption of luxury goods in Brazil: purchasing motives and values of Brazilian consumers and implications for marketing

Aiming at success in the currently challenging Brazilian market, luxury firms must consider a number of factors. Not only the adaptation to certain economic and political conditions but also the understanding of Brazilian luxury consumers’ characteristics as well as their value perceptions towards luxury are crucial in order to create an effective marketing strategy. This study investigated the value perceptions and purchasing motives of 428 Brazilian consumers. Brazilians purchase luxury goods in order to conspicuously put them on show to certain social reference group or to the general public. Thus, they display their wealth, income and social status. Social groups therefore play a distinct role in the purchasing decision process. Moreover, Brazilians are found to be hedonic consumers, seeking pleasurable moments and the reduction of stress when consuming luxury products. In addition to that, they use luxurious products to express their own personality. Brazilians hence place a much higher importance on self-expressive, emotional product benefits rather than on rational, functional product benefits. Marketers of luxury goods are advised to make use of this knowledge in order to adequately address consumers’ needs, wants and beliefs. The study focuses on consumers living in Rio de Janeiro and does not take into account different value perceptions on different luxury product categories. Therefore, suggestions for further research include replicating the study in different Brazilian regions and probing for differences among product categories.

Dissolution of porcine incisor pulps in sodium hypochlorite solutions of varying compositions and concentrations

Background: The solubility of dental pulp tissue in sodium hypochlorite has been extensively investigated but results have been inconsistent; due most likely to variations in experimental design, the volume and/or rate of replenishment of the solutions used and the nature of the tissues assessed. Traditionally, the sodium hypochlorite solutions used for endodontic irrigation in Australia have been either Milton or commercial bleach, with Milton being the most common. Recently, a range of Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) approved proprietary sodium hypochlorite solutions, which contain surfactant, has become available. Some domestic chlorine bleaches now also contain surfactants. The purpose of this study was to perform new solubility assessments, comparing Milton with new TGA approved products, Hypochlor 1% and Hypochlor 4% forte, and with a domestic bleach containing surfactant (White King). Methods: Ten randomly assigned pulp samples of porcine dental pulp of approximately equal dimensions were immersed in the above solutions, as well as representative concentrations of sodium hydroxide. Time to complete dissolution was measured and assessed statistically. Results: White King 4% showed the shortest dissolution time, closely followed by Hypochlor 4% forte. White King 1% and Hypochlor 1% each took around three times as long to completely dissolve the samples of pulp as their respective 4% concentrations, while Milton took nearly 10 times as long. The sodium hydroxide solutions showed no noticeable dissolution of the pulp samples. Conclusions: The composition and content of sodium hypochlorite solutions had a profound effect on the ability of these solutions to dissolve pulp tissue in vitro. Greater concentrations provided more rapid dissolution of tissue. One per cent solutions with added surfactant and which contained higher concentrations of sodium hydroxide were significantly more effective in dissolution of pulp tissue than Milton.

New product screening in fast moving consumer goods

Theory suggests that the dimensions that are incorporated in the new product screening decision will differ according to the stage of the development process. The outcome of the application of different screening dimensions would be quicker, realistic and more reliable screening decisions. This research project builds on existing new product development and screening literature by investigating new product screening in international fast moving consumer goods companies. It further builds on the existing literature by measuring decision-making relating to projects in 'real time', as managers' responses refer to projects they are currently working on. The introduction of branded consumer products allows us to evolve scales used in new product research by further developing variables relating to branding, promotion and retailer power. The project uncovers multiple dimensions of new product screening and evaluation within this branded product sector. These dimensions are found to differ in their ability to discriminate between two groups of accepted and rejected projects at each of four stages of the new product development process. This investigation provides the intelligence with which managers can determine the likelihood of project acceptance and rejection at different stages of the development process. It highlights the need for managers to apply stage-specific dimensions in the new product screening decision and advocates the redefinition of new product screening from both an academic and managerial perspective. The screening decision should not be viewed as a single, early decision in a product development process, but as a series of stage specific decisions regarding future project potential.

The influence of face and group orientation on the perception of luxury goods:a four market study of East Asian consumers

Purpose: The paper aims to further extend our understanding by assessing the extent to which two prominent cultural values in East Asia i.e. face saving and group orientation drive consumers' perceptions of luxury goods across four East Asian markets. Design/methodology/approach: A multi-methods research approach was adopted consisting of: an expert panel of close to 70 participants, group discussions with five extended East Asian families, personal interviews with eight East Asian scholars, a pilot test with over 50 East Asian graduate students and a multi-market survey of 443 consumer respondents in Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore and Hanoi. Findings: The authors extend previous conceptual studies by empirically investigating the impact of these two cultural values on the perception of luxury among East Asian societies. Specifically the study reveals that across all four markets face saving has the strongest influence on the conspicuous and hedonistic dimensions of luxury, group orientation meanwhile is the strongest predictor of the quality, extended self and exclusivity dimensions of luxury. Collectively these two cultural values significantly influence East Asian perceptions of luxury. Overall, the findings reiterate the importance of understanding different cultural values and their influence across different East Asian societies. Practical implications: The findings have important implications for managers of western luxury branded goods that are seeking to penetrate East Asian markets or seek to serve East Asian consumers. Specifically, to assist with developing suitable brand positioning, products, services, communications and pricing strategies. Originality/value: This study contributes to our understanding of the subject by exploring the impact of face saving and group orientation on the perception of luxury goods across four East Asian countries. Several directions for future research are suggested. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Environmental impacts of freshwater use and suspended solids in life cycle assessment

Perturbation of natural ecosystems, namely by increasing freshwater use and its degradative use, as well as topsoil erosion by water of land-use production systems, have been emerging as topics of high environmental concern. Freshwater use has become a focus of attention in the last few years for all stakeholders involved in the production of goods, mainly agro-industrial and forest-based products, which are freshwater-intensive consumers, requiring large inputs of green and blue water. This thesis presents a global review on the available Water Footprint Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-based methods for measuring and assessing the environmental relevance of freshwater resources use, based on a life cycle perspective. Using some of the available midpoint LCA-based methods, the freshwater use-related impacts of a Portuguese wine (white ‘vinho verde’) were assessed. However, the relevance of environmental green water has been neglected because of the absence of a comprehensive impact assessment method associated with green water flows. To overcome this constraint, this thesis helps to improve and enhance the LCA-based methods by providing a midpoint and spatially explicit Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method for assessing impacts on terrestrial green water flow and addressing reductions in surface blue water production caused by reductions in surface runoff due to land-use production systems. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by a case study on Eucalyptus globulus conducted in Portugal, as the growth of short rotation forestry is largely dependent on local precipitation. Topsoil erosion by water has been characterised as one of the most upsetting problems for rivers. Because of this, this thesis also focuses on the ecosystem impacts caused by suspended solids (SS) from topsoil erosion that reach freshwater systems. A framework to conduct a spatially distributed SS delivery to freshwater streams and a fate and effect LCIA method to derive site-specific characterisation factors (CFs) for endpoint damage on aquatic ecosystem diversity, namely on algae, macrophyte, and macroinvertebrates organisms, were developed. The applicability of this framework, combined with the derived site-specific CFs, is shown by conducting a case study on E. globulus stands located in Portugal as an example of a land use based system. A spatially explicit LCA assessment was shown to be necessary, since the impacts associated with both green water flows and SS vary greatly as a function of spatial location.

An investigation of environmental conditions experienced during the life of high-value wood components and products

Australian forest industries have a long history of export trade of a wide range of products from woodchips (for paper manufacturing), sandalwood (essential oils, carving and incense) to high value musical instruments, flooring and outdoor furniture. For the high value group, fluctuating environmental conditions brought on by changes in temperature and relative humidity, can lead to performance problems due to consequential swelling, shrinkage and/or distortion of the wood elements. A survey determined the types of value-added products exported, including species and dimensions packaging used and export markets. Data loggers were installed with shipments to monitor temperature and relative humidity conditions. These data were converted to timber equilibrium moisture content values to provide an indication of the environment that the wood elements would be acclimatising to. The results of the initial survey indicated that primary high value wood export products included guitars, flooring, decking and outdoor furniture. The destination markets were mainly located in the northern hemisphere, particularly the United States of America, China, Hong Kong, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Japan, Korea and the Middle East. Other regions importing Australian-made wooden articles were south-east Asia, New Zealand and South Africa. Different timber species have differing rates of swelling and shrinkage, so the types of timber were also recorded during the survey. Results from this work determined that the major species were ash-type eucalypts from south-eastern Australia (commonly referred to in the market as Tasmanian oak), jarrah from Western Australia, spotted gum, hoop pine, white cypress, black butt, brush box and Sydney blue gum from Queensland and New South Wales. The environmental conditions data indicated that microclimates in shipping containers can fluctuate extensively during shipping. Conditions at the time of manufacturing were usually between 10 and 12% equilibrium moisture content, however conditions during shipping could range from 5 (very dry) to 20% (very humid). The packaging systems incorporated were reported to be efficient at protecting the wooden articles from damage during transit. The research highlighted the potential risk for wood components to ‘move’ in response to periods of drier or more humid conditions than those at the time of manufacturing, and the importance of engineering a packaging system that can account for the environmental conditions experienced in shipping containers. Examples of potential dimensional changes in wooden components were calculated based on published unit shrinkage data for key species and the climatic data returned from the logging equipment. The information highlighted the importance of good design to account for possible timber movement during shipping. A timber movement calculator was developed to allow designers to input component species, dimensions, site of manufacture and destination, to see validate their product design.

Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and amino acids of six rendered by-products in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) were evaluated in diets with six rendered by-products used to feed juvenile Pacific white shrimp: two poultry meals (poultry meal 1, 69% CP; poultry meal 2, 72% CP), two feather meals (89% CP), one blood meal (96% CP), and one pork meal (57% CP). Experimental diets were formulated with 30% of the test ingredient and 70% of a commercial diet supplemented with 1% of chromium oxide as inert marker. AA contents in ingredients, diets, leached diets, and feces were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Preprandial AA losses attributed to leaching were higher in the blood meal diet (15%) and pork meal diet (10%). Poultry meal diets 1 and 2 showed mean AA losses of 3% and 5%, respectively, while the reference diet had a mean AA leaching of 6%. The AA that had the highest leaching rates were lysine (21%), methionine (15%), and histidine (12%). The ADC of dry matter was higher for poultry meals 1 (70%) and 2 (73%), followed by pork meal (69%), feather meals (61%), and blood meal (57%). The digestibility of CP was higher for poultry meals (78–80%), followed by pork meal (76%), and blood meal and feather meals (65–67%). The digestibility of CP in the reference diet (83%) was higher than that observed for all the animal by-product meals except the poultry meals. The ADC of the sum of AA adjusted for nutrient leaching fluctuated from 65% for blood meal to 80% for poultry meals.

Biotechnological approaches to valorize alternative protein source, waste and by-products from food industries

The PhD research project was a striking example of the enhancement of milling by-product and alternative protein sources from house cricket (Acheta domesticus), conceived as sustainable and renewable sources, to produce innovative food products. During milling processing of wheat and rye, several by-products with high technological and functional potential, are produced. The use of selected microbial consortia, allowed to obtain a pre-fermented ingredient for use in the bakery. The pre-ferments obtained were characterized by a high technological, functional and nutritional value, also interesting from a nutraceutical point of view. Bakery products obtained by the addition of pre-fermented ingredients were characterized by a greater quantity of aromatic molecules and an increase in SCFA, antioxidant activity, total amino acids and total phenols resulting in positive effect on the functionality. Moreover, the industrial scaling-up of pre-ferment and innovative bakery goods production, developed in this research, underlined the technological applicability of pre-fermented ingredients on a large scale. Moreover, the identification of innovative protein sources, can address the request of new sustainable ingredients able to less impact on the environment and to satisfy the food global demand. To upscale the insect production and ensure food safety of insect-based products, biotechnological formulations based on Acheta domesticus powder were optimized. The use of Yarrowia lipolytica in the biotechnological transformation of cricket powder led to the achievement of a cricket-based food ingredient characterized by a reduced content of chitin and an increase of antimicrobial and health-promoting molecules. The innovative bakery products containing cricket-based hydrolysates from Y. lipolytica possessed specific sensory, qualitative and functional characteristics to the final product. Moreover, the combination of Y. lipolytica hydrolysis and baking showed promising results regarding a reduced allergenicity in cricket-based baked products. Thus, the hydrolysate of cricket powder may represent a versatile and promising ingredient in the production of innovative foods.

Boys In White: A Classic Of Qualitative Research Turns 50.

This article analyzes Boys in white: student culture in medical schoolby Howard S. Becker, Blanche Geer, Everett C. Hughes and Anselm Strauss, considered a model of qualitative research in sociology. The analysis investigates the trajectories of the authors, the book, qualitative analysis, and the medical students, emphasizing their importance in the origins of medical sociology and the sociology of medical education. In the trajectory of the authors, bibliographical information is given. The trajectory of qualitative research focuses on how this methodology influences the construction of the field. The investigation of the students' trajectory shows how they progress through their first years at medical school to build their own student culture.