TAXONOMY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN DWARF BOAS OF THE GENUS TROPIDOPHIS BIBRON, 1840, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST (SERPENTES: TROPIDOPHIIDAE)

A taxonomic study on the South American dwarf boas of the genus Tropidophis revealed the existence of two new species in the Atlantic Forest bionic. As a result, we recognize five mainland species, three in the Atlantic Forest and two in northwestern South America. Based on general distribution and morphological orientation, the type locality of T. paucisquamis is restricted to Estacao Biologica de Boraceia (EBB), municipality of Salesopolis, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil; furthermore, a lectotype for T. taczanowskyi is designated. We provide data on the hemipenial morphology of two South American Tropidophis, showing that the quadrifurcate condition described for West Indian taxa also occurs in mainland congeners. The distributions of the three Atlantic Forest species are congruent with patterns of diversification of other vertebrate taxa associated with cold climates prevalent at high elevations. Refugial isolation and riverine barriers may account for such speciation events.

Molecular phylogeny of the New World Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal

We present a phylogenetic analysis of the New World dipsadids based on an expanded data matrix that includes 246 terminal taxa including 196 dipsadids. The species are sampled for eight genes (12S, 16S, cytb, nd2, nd4, bdnf, c-mos, rag2). The data are explored using two distinct optimality proceduresmaximum parsimony and maximum likelihoodand two alignment strategiesdynamic homology and static homology. Two previously unsampled dipsadid genera, Sordellina and Rhachidelus, are now included in the analysis. The definitions of the genera, Erythrolamprus, Clelia, Hypsirhynchus, Philodryas and Phimophis, and the tribes Alsophiini, Echinantherini and Conophiini, are revised. In order to maintain monophyly, the genus Umbrivaga is synonymized with Erythrolamprus, and two new genera are erected to accommodate Phimophis iglesiasi and Clelia rustica, as well as their closely related species. The West Indian genera Schwartzophis, Darlingtonia, Antillophis and Ocyophis are resurrected. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2012.

Humesiana, a Remarkable New Cumacean Genus from the Caribbean Sea

Most nannastacid cumaceans collected from tropical waters belong to just a few genera, among them the nearly ubiquitous genus Cumella. A new nannastacid genus is described from the West Indian island of Guadeloupe. Members of the genus possess a very long and robust pleonite 6 and short and stubby uropods and share the loss of the ischium on pereiopod 2 and maxilliped 2. This new genus is clearly allied to three species within the genus Cumella, all of which have elongate pleonite 6 and short, but not robust, uropods. These three species are known from the Caribbean Sea, Red Sea, and Gulf of Thailand.

Periodising globalisation: Mauritian integration into the sugar commodity chain (1825-2005)

Using the case study of Mauritius, and its integration into the international sugar commodity chain, this paper shows that the analysis of commodity chains can be fruitfully employed to respond to recent calls in the field of global/world history for a periodisation of globalisation. The entry of Mauritius into the British Empire brought about a particular kind of integration of the island into the capitalist world system. Central to this integration was the production of sugar under the West Indian Sugar Protocol, with this ultimately turning Mauritius from a free port into a plantation economy. This shaped the island's economic and political practice, and brought the formation of a range of institutions that sustained a high degree of inequality among Mauritians by finding ever newer ways of conciliating socio-economic mobility with exploitation. The paper discusses Mauritian history through the framework of bilateral and multilateral trading agreements that had a significant impact on the sugar industry, and kept the island economically dependent on this single crop. This only changed when the postcolonial state succeeded in diversifying the Mauritian economy during the 1970s and 1980s.

Clay mineral and heavy metal composition of sea-bed surface sediments and pre-Holocene sediment samples taken during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/9

Surface mineralogical compositions and their association to modern processes are well known from the east Atlantic and south-west Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, but data from the interface of these areas - the Prydz Bay-Kerguelen region - is still missing. The objective of our study was to provide mineralogical data of reference samples from this region and to relate these mineralogical assemblages to hinterland geology, weathering, transport and depositional processes. Clay mineral assemblages were analysed by means of X-ray diffraction technique. Heavy mineral assemblages were determined by counting of gravity-separated grains under a polarizing microscope. Results show that by use of clay mineral assemblages four mineralogical provinces can be subdivided: i) continental shelf, ii) continental slope, iii) deep sea, iv) Kerguelen Plateau. Heavy mineral assemblages in the fine sand fraction are relatively uniform except for samples taken from the East Antarctic shelf. Our findings show that mineralogical studies on sediment cores from the study area have the potential to provide insights into past shifts in ice-supported transport and activity and provenance of different water masses (e.g. Antarctic slope current and deep western boundary current) in the Prydz Bay-Kerguelen region.

Introducción a la poesía Dub : Linton Kwesi Johnson

Linton Kwesi Johnson, poeta jamaiquino, fue el pionero de la poesía dub con su obra Dread Beat and Blood, su primer LP. En su búsqueda estética, la calle adquiere una relevancia primordial pues la poesía dub ha comunicado todo el resentimiento que desemboca en el disturbio. De allí que haya inspirado a las minorías a enfrentarse con las fuerzas del orden en las calles. Emparentada con el reggae, la poesía dub se yergue como estrategia de liberación. Esta investigación explora los orígenes y el desarrollo de esta poesía dentro y fuera de las Antillas, analizando algunos ejemplos concretos.

Water temperature data from southern elephant seal from Marion Island with links to datasets

As the Antarctic Circumpolar Current crosses the South-West Indian Ocean Ridge, it creates an extensive eddy field characterised by high sea level anomaly variability. We investigated the diving behaviour of female southern elephant seals from Marion Island during their post-moult migrations in relation to this eddy field in order to determine its role in the animals' at-sea dispersal. Most seals dived within the region significantly more often than predicted by chance, and these dives were generally shallower and shorter than dives outside the eddy field. Mixed effects models estimated reductions of 44.33 ± 3.00 m (maximum depth) and 6.37 ± 0.10 min (dive duration) as a result of diving within the region, along with low between-seal variability (maximum depth: 5.5 % and dive duration: 8.4 %). U-shaped dives increased in frequency inside the eddy field, whereas W-shaped dives with multiple vertical movements decreased. Results suggest that Marion Island's adult female elephant seals' dives are characterised by lowered cost-of-transport when they encounter the eddy field during the start and end of their post-moult migrations. This might result from changes in buoyancy associated with varying body condition upon leaving and returning to the island. Our results do not suggest that the eddy field is a vital foraging ground for Marion Island's southern elephant seals. However, because seals preferentially travel through this area and likely forage opportunistically while minimising transport costs, we hypothesise that climate-mediated changes in the nature or position of this region may alter the seals' at-sea dispersal patterns.

The Elector's guide. Addressed to the freeholders of the county of York.

No. I. The "Catholic question".--No. II. The general state of the country banks and paper money; Death of Alexander, emperor of Russia; State of parties in the kingdom; A letter to Fountayne Wilson, esq.; Duncombe and the treadmill; Poetry and miscellanies.--No. III. A letter to the Duke of York; Auri sacra fames; or, Sturdy beggars: a county job; Church Methodism; A Protestant confessor; His Majesty's speech to Parliament; Miscellanies, and poetry.--No. IV. A letter to Daniel Sykes, esq. on West Indian slavery; Catholic and Protestant; The last man; Confidence in banks; Hints to electors; The proceedings in Parliament, &c., &c., &c.--No. V. An address to the suffering people of England; Slavery; A letter to Sir John Bayley, knt,; Banks; The Protestant champion; Poetry, &c., &c.--No. VI. A charge of His Grace the Archbishop of York to the clergy of the diocese; A secret; A good action.--No. VII. Observations upon county representation; A full account of the county meeting, &c., &c.

[Acted drama] /

Remarks by William Hazlitt and others.