Web-assisted tobacco intervention in Portuguese : intentions to make behavioural changes and behavioural changes

ABSTRACT - The problem of how to support “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC) and “behaviour changes” (BC) in smoking cessation when there is a scarcity of resources is a pressing issue in public health terms. The present research focuses on the use of information and communications technologies and their role in smoking cessation. It is developed in Portugal after the ratification of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (on 8 November 2005). The prevalence of smokers over fifteen years of age within the population stood at 20.9% (30.9% for men and 11.8% for women). While the strategy of helping people to quit smoking has been emphasised at National Health Service (NHS) level, the uptake of cessation assistance has exceeded the capacity of the service. This induced the search of new theoretical and practical venues to offer alternative options to people willing to stop smoking. Among these, the National Health Plan (NHP) of Portugal (2004-2010), identifies the use of information technologies in smoking cessation. eHealth and the importance of health literacy as a means of empowering people to make behavioural changes is recurrently considered an option worth investigating. The overall objective of this research is to understand, in the Portuguese context, the use of the Internet to help people to stop smoking. Research questions consider factors that may contribute to “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC) and “behavioural changes” (BC) while using a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP). Also consideration is given to the trade-off on the use of the Web as a tool for smoking cessation: can it reach a vast number of people for a small cost (efficiency) demonstrating to work in the domain of smoking cessation (efficacy)”? In addition to the introduction, there is a second chapter in which the use of tobacco is discussed as a public health menace. The health gains achieved by stopping smoking and the means of quitting are also examined, as is the use of the Internet in smoking cessation. Then, several research issues are introduced. These include background theory and the theoretical framework for the Sense of Coherence. The research model is also discussed. A presentation of the methods, materials and of the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) follows. In chapter four the results of the use of the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) are presented. This study is divided into two sections. The first describes results related to quality control in relation to the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) and gives an overview of its users. Of these, 3,150 answered initial eligibility questions. In the end, 1,463 met all eligibility requirements, completed intake, decided on a day to quit smoking (Dday) and declared their “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC) while a second targeted group of 650 did not decide on a Dday. With two quit attempts made before joining the platform, most of the participants had experienced past failures while wanting to stop. The smoking rate averaged 21 cigarettes per day. With a mean age of 35, of the participants 55% were males. Among several other considerations, gender and the Sense of Coherence (SOC) influenced the success of participants in their IBC and endeavour to set quit dates. The results of comparing males and females showed that, for current smokers, establishing a Dday was related to gender differences, not favouring males (OR=0.76, p<0.005). Belonging to higher Socio-economic strata (SES) was associated with the intention to consider IBC (when compared to lower SES condition) (OR=1.57, p<0.001) and higher number of school years (OR=0.70, p<0.005) favoured the decision to smoking cessation. Those who demonstrated higher confidence in their likelihood of success in stopping in the shortest time had a higher rate of setting a Dday (OR=0.51, p<0.001). There were differences between groups in IBC reflecting the high and low levels of the SOC score (OR=1.43, p=0.006), as those who considered setting a Dday had higher levels of SOC. After adjusting for all variables, stages of readiness to change and SOC were kept in the model. This is the first Arm of this research where the focus is a discussion of the system’s implications for the participants’ “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC). Moreover, a second section of this study (second Arm) offers input collected from 77 in-depth interviews with the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) users. Here, “Behaviour Change” (BC) and the usability of the platform are explored a year after IBC was declared. A percentage of 32.9% of self-reported, 12-month quitters in continuous abstinence from smoking from Dday to the 12-month follow- up point of the use of the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) has been assessed. Comparing the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scores of participants by their respective means, according to the two groups, there was a significant difference in these scores of non smokers (BC) (M=144,66, SD=22,52) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) of smokers (noBC) (M=131,51, SD=21,43) p=0.014. This WATIP strategy and its contents benefit from the strengthening of the smoker’s sense of coherence (SOC), so that the person’s progress towards a life without tobacco may be experienced as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. In this sample the sense of coherence (SOC) effect is moderate although it is associated with the day to quit smoking (Dday). Some of the limitations of this research have to do with self-selection bias, sample size (power) and self-reporting (no biochemical validation). The enrolment of participants was therefore not representative of the smoking population. It is not possible to verify the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) evaluation of external validity; consequently, the results obtained cannot be applied generalized. No participation bias is provided. Another limitation of this study is the associated limitations of interviews. Interviewees’ perception that fabricating answers could benefit them more than telling the simple truth in response to questions is a risk that is not evaluated (with no external validation like measuring participants’ carbon monoxide levels). What emerges in this analysis is the relevance of the process that leads to the establishment of the quit day (Dday) to stop using tobacco. In addition, technological issues, when tailoring is the focus, are key elements for scrutiny. The high number of dropouts of users of the web platform mandates future research that should concentrate on the matters of the user-centred design of portals. The focus on gains in health through patient-centred care needs more research, so that technology usability be considered within the context of best practices in smoking cessation.

Internationalization process: GuestCentric Systems Embracing People‟s Republic of China

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Dynamic adaptation of interaction models for stateful web services

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Creation of a web application for smart park system and parking prediction study for system integration

In the last few years, we have observed an exponential increasing of the information systems, and parking information is one more example of them. The needs of obtaining reliable and updated information of parking slots availability are very important in the goal of traffic reduction. Also parking slot prediction is a new topic that has already started to be applied. San Francisco in America and Santander in Spain are examples of such projects carried out to obtain this kind of information. The aim of this thesis is the study and evaluation of methodologies for parking slot prediction and the integration in a web application, where all kind of users will be able to know the current parking status and also future status according to parking model predictions. The source of the data is ancillary in this work but it needs to be understood anyway to understand the parking behaviour. Actually, there are many modelling techniques used for this purpose such as time series analysis, decision trees, neural networks and clustering. In this work, the author explains the best techniques at this work, analyzes the result and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The model will learn the periodic and seasonal patterns of the parking status behaviour, and with this knowledge it can predict future status values given a date. The data used comes from the Smart Park Ontinyent and it is about parking occupancy status together with timestamps and it is stored in a database. After data acquisition, data analysis and pre-processing was needed for model implementations. The first test done was with the boosting ensemble classifier, employed over a set of decision trees, created with C5.0 algorithm from a set of training samples, to assign a prediction value to each object. In addition to the predictions, this work has got measurements error that indicates the reliability of the outcome predictions being correct. The second test was done using the function fitting seasonal exponential smoothing tbats model. Finally as the last test, it has been tried a model that is actually a combination of the previous two models, just to see the result of this combination. The results were quite good for all of them, having error averages of 6.2, 6.6 and 5.4 in vacancies predictions for the three models respectively. This means from a parking of 47 places a 10% average error in parking slot predictions. This result could be even better with longer data available. In order to make this kind of information visible and reachable from everyone having a device with internet connection, a web application was made for this purpose. Beside the data displaying, this application also offers different functions to improve the task of searching for parking. The new functions, apart from parking prediction, were: - Park distances from user location. It provides all the distances to user current location to the different parks in the city. - Geocoding. The service for matching a literal description or an address to a concrete location. - Geolocation. The service for positioning the user. - Parking list panel. This is not a service neither a function, is just a better visualization and better handling of the information.

Desenvolvimento de aplicações de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica WEB para gestão de resíduos urbanos.

A gestão do território contribui para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico e para o alcance de necessidades coletivas. A gestão de recursos, por sua vez, é uma das vias para atingir tais propósitos, convocando agentes, entidades e serviços para a administração de um território. O crescimento social e económico e a expansão urbana das últimas décadas tiveram um impacto significativo no consumo de recursos e na decorrente produção de resíduos, fazendo da gestão dos mesmos um importante meio para a gestão de recursos, com contributo para a gestão do território. Neste contexto, surgem serviços de gestão de resíduos urbanos, que dependem de informação geográfica referente ao seu sistema e ao do ambiente territorial em que o mesmo se insere. Face ao dinamismo e às relações entre diversos fenómenos e elementos presentes no referido ambiente, o processo de gestão de resíduos urbanos torna-se um desafio cada vez mais exigente e heterogéneo, em matéria de decisão espacial. Por esse motivo, é indispensável possuir ferramentas que integrem vários dados e que possibilitem abordagens metodológicas orientadas para uma intervenção territorial mais realista. Para tal, existem diversos métodos e técnicas, assentes em Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, com uma considerável adesão a soluções de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, dada a necessidade de manipular informação com carácter espacial referente à gestão de resíduos urbanos. No quadro atual da produção e da prestação de serviços através de rede digital, as plataformas Web desses Sistemas de Informação Geográfica constituem-se como um instrumento para gestão de resíduos. Considerando o exemplo do Gabinete de Estudos, Planeamento e Controlo, dos Serviços Intermunicipalizados de Águas e Resíduos dos Municípios de Loures e Odivelas, no presente Trabalho de Projeto, pretende-se avaliar a situação atual das metodologias e dos recursos tecnológicos que um serviço deste tipo possui, percebendo o contributo que aplicações de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Web podem ter para a concretização da sua missão, na conjuntura atual da tecnologia, da informação e da comunicação na Administração Pública. Assim, o presente Trabalho de Projeto propõe também um modelo de desenvolvimento das referidas aplicações, assentes em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Desktop e Web de código aberto, livres e gratuitos. As aplicações abarcam informação interna, referente ao sistema de resíduos urbanos, dos Serviços Intermunicipalizados de Águas e Resíduos dos Municípios de Loures e Odivelas, e informação externa diversa, referente ao seu território de intervenção. A integração e relação da informação interna e externa, com resultados nas aplicações, são apresentadas como possíveis meios de assistência aos procedimentos efetuados no Gabinete de Estudos, Planeamento e Controlo e à prestação efetiva do serviço de gestão de resíduos urbanos. Igualmente, é possível inferir a versatilidade, a aplicabilidade e o potencial de aplicações de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, em diversas vertentes e escalas de gestão do território.

An interactive web-based tool for breast reduction surgery simulation

In this work, we present a 3D web-based interactive tool for numerical modeling and simulation approach to breast reduction surgery simulation, to assist surgeons in planning all aspects related to breast reduction surgery before the actual procedure takes place, thereby avoiding unnecessary risks. In particular, it allows the modeling of the initial breast geometry, the definition of all aspects related to the surgery and the visualization of the post-surgery breast shape in a realistic environment.

Development of a data acquisition system to characterise sustainable energy technologies and to support Web-Based learning (DAQ-WBL)

Driven by concerns about rising energy costs, security of supply and climate change a new wave of Sustainable Energy Technologies (SET’s) have been embraced by the Irish consumer. Such systems as solar collectors, heat pumps and biomass boilers have become common due to government backed financial incentives and revisions of the building regulations. However, there is a deficit of knowledge and understanding of how these technologies operate and perform under Ireland’s maritime climate. This AQ-WBL project was designed to address both these needs by developing a Data Acquisition (DAQ) system to monitor the performance of such technologies and a web-based learning environment to disseminate performance characteristics and supplementary information about these systems. A DAQ system consisting of 108 sensors was developed as part of Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology’s (GMIT’s) Centre for the Integration of Sustainable EnergyTechnologies (CiSET) in an effort to benchmark the performance of solar thermal collectors and Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP’s) under Irish maritime climate, research new methods of integrating these systems within the built environment and raise awareness of SET’s. It has operated reliably for over 2 years and has acquired over 25 million data points. Raising awareness of these SET’s is carried out through the dissemination of the performance data through an online learning environment. A learning environment was created to provide different user groups with a basic understanding of a SET’s with the support of performance data, through a novel 5 step learning process and two examples were developed for the solar thermal collectors and the weather station which can be viewed at http://www.kdp 1 .aquaculture.ie/index.aspx. This online learning environment has been demonstrated to and well received by different groups of GMIT’s undergraduate students and plans have been made to develop it further to support education, awareness, research and regional development.

Consolidació de la Plataforma COMalaWEB com a eina Web d'autoaprenentatge per a l'EEES

La plataforma d’e-learning: COMalaWEB és una eina multimedia de suport a l’estudi, l’experimentació i l’adquisició de tècniques d’autoaprenentatge. COMalaWEB s’ofereix com a punt de trobada entre estudiants, professors i altres professionals relacionats amb el mon de les telecomunicacions i/o de la docència universitària. Mitjançant el present projecte s’ha dut a terme la consolidació de la plataforma COMalaWEB com a eina WWW d'autoaprenentatge per a l'EEES (Estudis de Bachelor i de Màster): Dins de la plataforma s’hi ha integrat un Laboratori Virtual per a comunicacions analògiques i digitals (LaViCAD) que ofereix activitats experimentals amb un gran ventall de possibilitats que van des de les demostracions teòriques fins a l’emulació de sistemes de comunicacions quotidians com per exemple la televisió digital o el sistema Wifi dels sistemes WLAN. L’altre gran component de la plataforma es la base de dades de continguts empaquetada en unitats bàsiques anomenades objectes de coneixement, organitzada en cursos, integren tant continguts teòrics com un conjunt d’exercicis proposats per a aprofundir cadascun dels temes tractats. Amb l’actual projecte s’ha treballat en les següents línies d’actuació: - Integració dels simuladors del laboratori LAVICAD a la plataforma d’autoaprenentatge. - Creació de base de dades de recursos docents basats en paquets SCORM per a oferir materials docents de tipus teòric i col·leccions d’exercicis resolts en el marc de les diferents assignatures participants en el projecte. - Creació de base de dades de tipus qüestionari per a oferir exercicis a treballar en el marc de les diferents assignatures participants en el projecte. - Inserció de metodologies docents basades en els anteriors recursos en diferents assignatures d’estudis d’enginyeria i de màster.

Entorns col•laboratius virtuals asíncrons basats en Web i enfocats en la gestió del coneixement = Web-based Asynchronous Collaborative Environments Focused on Knowledge Management

Report for the scientific sojourn at the University of California at Berkeley, USA, from september 2007 until july 2008. Communities of Learning Practice is an innovative paradigm focused on providing appropriate technological support to both formal and especially informal learning groups who are chiefly formed by non-technical people and who lack of the necessary resources to acquire such systems. Typically, students who are often separated by geography and/or time have the need to meet each other after classes in small study groups to carry out specific learning activities assigned during the formal learning process. However, the lack of suitable and available groupware applications makes it difficult for these groups of learners to collaborate and achieve their specific learning goals. In addition, the lack of democratic decision-making mechanisms is a main handicap to substitute the central authority of knowledge presented in formal learning.

Aplicacions web per al treball col·laboratiu : disseny i prototipatge d'un sistema d'esdeveniments per a mòbils en el treball en grup

Projecte de fi de carrera del 2n cicle de la Eng. Informàtica, realitzat per Jose Roig Torres (01/2012). Aplicacions Web per Treball Col·laboratiu: Disseny i Prototipatge d'un sistema d'esdeveniments per mòbils en el treball en grup.

Construcción de un visor web de senderismo para dispositivos móviles con OpenLayers y jQuery Mobile

El presente TFC se centra en la creación de un sistema de información geográfica destinado a dispositivos móviles (Ipads, Smartphones ¿) y dedicado al senderismo, utilizando para ello varias aplicaciones de código abierto ofrecidas en la actualidad.

La accesibilidad web en los repositorios institucionales : la UOC a examen

Breve revisión de la accesibilidad web del repositorio institucional de la UOC e información sobre herramientas de validación automática de sitios web.

Accessibilitat web : revisió d'accessibilitat del repositori documental de la UOC, Dspace

Aquest treball fi de carrera tracta sobre les normes d'accessibilitat WCAG 2.0 ("Web Content Accessibility Guidelines"). Són una sèrie de pautes i recomanacions per fer el contingut web més accessible, sobretot a una gamma més àmplia de persones amb discapacitat, com ceguesa i baixa visió, sordesa i la pèrdua d'audició, problemes d'aprenentatge, limitacions cognitives, limitacions de moviments, problemes de parla, fotosensibilitat i combinacions d'aquestes. Seguint aquestes directrius també fan sovint el contingut del seu web més usable per als usuaris en general.Les WCAG 2.0, recomanació oficial des del 11 de desembre de 2008, s'organitzen en 4 principis fonamentals per a l'accessibilitat del contingut: perceptible, operable, comprensible i robust.En total conformen 12 pautes o directrius (guidelines), els dos primers principis tenen quatre pautes associades, el tercer té tres i l'últim una pauta. Aquestes pautes proporcionen els objectius bàsics per fer el contingut accessible, i serveixen per comprendre els criteris d'èxit i implementar-los. S'han definit 60 criteris d'èxit o punts de comprovació que defineixen el nivell d'accessibilitat (A, AA o AAA).Per altra banda, s'analitzaran alternatives al programari que empra la UOC, Dspace, com a repositori de documentació. D'aquestes alternatives es valorarà sobretot l'aspecte d'accessibilitat per tal de determinar si l'elecció del Dspace ha estat l'opció més adient. També es s'analitzaran algunes planes del repositori de la UOC per tal de verificar el nivell de compliment de de les WCAG 2.0.Al mateix temps es farà una recerca d'eines que ens puguin ajudar en l'avaluació de l'accessibilitat i s'anomenaran en els punts que ens puguin ajudar cadascuna d'aquestes.

Accessibilitat web en el repositori de la UOC

Aquest treball te com a propòsit informar sobre si certes planes web (proporcionades a l'enunciat del TFC) compleixen les pautes d'accessibilitat web i determinar si la UOC ha pres la decisió encertada utilitzant Dspace per gestionar les seves publicacions digitals. Les planes web que tractarem, pertanyen al repositori de documents de la UOC, és a dir, un espai de divulgació on podem desar i consultar documentació en format digital.

Estudi dels portals web de consulta bibliogràfica mèdica i disseny d'un prototip

L'estudi tracta d'establir les bases per al disseny d'un lloc web de consulta bibliogràfica mèdica des del punt de vista de la Interacció Humana amb l'Ordinador (IHO) tenint en compte els principis del Disseny Centrat en l'Usuari (DCU). En una primera part, l'estudi analitza un conjunt de portals ja existents d'aquesta temàtica i d'ús freqüent entre els professionals sanitaris. En una segona part, es proposa un prototip de portal web amb idees noves que millorin i proporcionin un valor afegit a les ja existents.