Acúmulo e desaparecimento de forragem e variações na estrutura de pastos de capim-xaraés submetidos a intensidades de pastejo em lotação intermitente

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the accumulation and disappearance of forage, and changes in the pasture structure of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to grazing intensities and intermittent stocking in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinaria of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. It was evaluated the canopy height, accumulation, disappearance and morphological components of forage and rest period. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure. It is observed variability of the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure for years of assessment and grazing cycles within each year.

Relações entre variáveis ambientais e anfíbios anuros em áreas de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecidual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variações induzidas de atributos químicos e sua influência na reflectância espectral de três solos do estado do Paraná

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo das características térmicas e mecânicas de formulações de adesivos PSA HOT MELT contendo variações de borrachas SBC e resinas taquificantes

The properties of the hot melt adhesive pressure sensitive (HMPSA) using an elastomer as a base polymer a copolymer of styrene and butadiene (SBS) and variation of tackifiers resins such as hydrocarbon resins and hydrogenated hydrocarbon were investigated. The formulations were prepared by mixing process within shear. The adhesives prepared were evaluated in test Brookfield viscosity and softening point Ring and Ball to compare the formulations and the influence of variations in raw materials. Infrared analyzes were performed to detect the reactions between the inputs and investigate the chemical interactions of the same properties of the adhesive. In thermal analysis, the assay was performed thermogravimetry (TG) and diferencial exploratory calorimetry (DSC). Were investigated the parameters of the tensile test on each of the formulations. Finally, were analysed comparatively the basic formulations of adhesives with their respective raw materials

Relações entre produção de biogás em aterro sanitário e variações no potencial elétrico natural

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise comparativa entre a produção de biogás em aterro controlado e variações no potencial elétrico natural por meio de perfilagem geofísica

This work aims to analyze data from a Natural Electric Potential landfill type ditch located in Cordeirópolis (SP). The procedure measures initially involved the assembly and installation of an apparatus cables, sensors and drain geophysical measurements and flow rate of biogas in a ditch later filled by solid waste. Biogas is a product of degradation of organic matter in waste by the action of microorganisms in an anaerobic environment. Its features high methane content in the gas potentially usable as fuel in energy generation systems or steam. The study area is characterized by clayey soil composition change from the diabase sill correlated to the event Serra Geral Formation siltstones overlapping Tatuí with groundwater level site around 50m. The cables were installed vertically in parallel with drain gas manifold, which allowed the collection of data by the technique geophysical logging every 15 days over a period of eight months. For data analysis we used four parameters in the study, the closing time of the ditch, natural electric potential, the flow velocity of biogas and rain. With the tabulated data plots were constructed for each collection day showing values in the range of the cable is in contact with waste (200 cm - 400 cm) and range of the cable in contact with the soil (600 cm - 800 cm). Subsequently graphs were generated with the period of eight months to analyze the data tabulated. A statistical correlation data, which show the influence of rainfall on the production of biogas. The results were satisfactory and demonstrated the feasibility of the research method in studies for the feasibility analysis for the capture of biogas energy

Caracterização física e mecânica de compensado produzido com dois diferentes adesivos em duas variações de pressão de prensagem

The adhesives used in the production of engineered boards have been object of study over the years in order to improve the properties of the boards with less energy consumption, lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. In addition to that, process variables may affect the properties of the board. The present study aimed to characterize sheets of plywood, manufactured with two types of adhesives, under two different pressing conditions. The adhesives used for the study were Phenol-formaldehyde and Polyurethane castor oil based. The pressure of pressing was varied in a range from 75 to 160 Bar, in order to verify how they influence the physical and mechanical properties of the board. The tests performed resulted in a conclusion that shows that the moister content of the veneers interferes on the physical and mechanical tests. In general, boards produced with polyurethane resin showed superior physical and mechanical results; although the ones produced with phenol formaldehyde at a pressure of 75 Bar had always equal or higher values, compared to what is found in literature

Análise de microclima e cobertura de dossel em áreas refloestadas nas estações de chuva e seca no Reservatório de Capivara, Paraná

O estudo das analises microclimáticas foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Restauração de Ecossistemas da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, e foramselecionados cinco talhões de reflorestamento de diferentes idades ao longo do Reservatório de Capivara, Paraná. Em cada talhãoforam registrados dados de temperatura, umidade do ar e cobertura de dossel,nos meses de março e agosto, período de chuva (verão) e de seca (inverno), respectivamente.Os dados foram comparados em busca de uma relação entre cobertura de dossel e microclima nos talhões de diferentes idades e nas diferentes estações. As amostragens demonstram que há uma diferença significativa entre as estações considerando as variáveis estudadas e que as variações estruturais do reflorestamento e a arquitetura das diferentes espécies que a compõem resultam em variações na cobertura do dossel, que por sua vez implicam em variações microclimáticas importantes para o processo de regeneração

Análise das propriedades físico-mecânicas de painel particulado de eucalipto composto por três camadas com duas variações de pressão

The research aimed to produce sheets of particles with waste processing of Eucalyptus sp bonded with urea-formaldehyde and evaluate the effect of pressure variation in the quality of the boards produced. To do so, the Boards made were divided into two treatments depending on the pressing pressure of 30 to 40 kgf / cm². Once pressings, climatized, the particleboards have been sectioned in test samples, and underwent physical-mechanical tests for determining density, swelling and water absorption, modulus of rupture and elasticity in static bending and internal linking. The particleboards pressed at 40 kgf / cm ² showed the best results

Simulação de contaminação de sedimentos e águas subterrâneas por gasolina e álcool: um estudo de monitoramento de variações das propriedades físico-químicas

Geophysics studies in areas impacted by petroleum derivatives describe abnormalities of both low and high electrical resistivity (the opposite of electrical conductivity), confirmed as contaminant phase by chemical analysis: this contradiction can be explained by degrading processes that naturally occur and create sub products that can change the environment conductivity. Monitoring the variation of the parameters mentioned serves as a comparative basis to the variation in geoelectrical parameters, which identified the correlation between the same contaminant parameters and the difference between their behavior studied apart, as well as its relations with the biodegradation process. The results are applied to the fuel distribution and storage sectors, leading to the diagnosis and monitoring of possible groundwater contamination scenarios, and the knowledge of the area exposure time to the contaminant, besides the better remediation alternative and impacts control. Among some conclusions, the most significant are the decrease in conductivity over time, so as the increase in Eh value in the gasoline contaminated tank, as well as the decrease in the pH value in the second tank with ethanol, which can be attributed to its degradation. Comparing the variations in both tanks, it is evident that Eh, pH and electrical conductivity do not behave temporally in a similar way, although some correlations between Eh and pH can be related.

Estudo de variações bioquímicas e genotoxicidade induzidas por mistura de contaminantes em tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), como biomarcadores de contaminação ambiental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Composição, biologia reprodutiva e dinâmica populacional da taxocenose de portunoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda): variações temporais ao longo do gradiente latitudinal e fenômeno da ressurgência

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Um olhar sociolinguístico sobre as interações do teletandem: diversidade e variações linguísticas

This article reports on the diversity and the linguistic variations in e-mails and chat interactions in teletandem interactions. Based on the interface of foreign language acquisition and sociolinguistics, its focus is on linguistic variants under the perspective of the social variations of language, especially regarding standard and non-standard norms of the Portuguese language in a teletandem context. Sociolinguistics offers us resources for the analysis and understanding that we intend to provide about teletandem interactions. We also mention the Teletandem Brasil project, its ideas and theoretical orientations, and also analyze data collected. The findings show that the variations in foreign students´ written production, who are also Portuguese learners, come from fluctuations between the standard and non-standard norms because students still do not have complete communicative competence in the target language.

Influência de variações das normas estéticas na atratividade do sorriso

The work presented here aims to evaluate how aesthetic norm variations influence the perception of attractiveness of a smile according to dentists and laymen. Methods: The smiles in photographs of a man and a woman were digitally changed. Eleven smiles were created for each one: an ideal, control smile - an ideal smile according to accepted norms - and 10 smiles containing individual variations of each of the following norms: a) 2mm and 3mm deviations from the middle line; b) the contour of the smile - contour of a straight smile and contour of a reverse smile; c) the angle of the lateral incisors - a mesial angle of 10° and a distal angle of 10°; d) 0.5mm and 1mm diastema; and e) dental proportion - Alber’s Proportion and Plato’s Proportion. The photographs were evaluated by two specialists in cosmetic dentistry and two laymen using the visual analogue scale. Results: The ideal smile for both genders was well accepted by both the specialists and the laymen. The opinions on the smiles with aesthetic variations varied, some were more positive than others, some were in agreement and some were in disagreement. Conclusion: The absence of deviations favors the perceived beauty of a smile, but some aesthetic variations seem to be better accepted than others. The success of aesthetic treatments depends on the active participation of dentists and patients in the planning stage.